Impact of screen time on mental health problems progression in youth: a 1-year follow-up study
Open accessAbstract
Objectives: We examined the relationships between screen time (ST) and mental health problems and also increment of ST and progression of mental health problems in a college-based sample of Chinese youth. Methods: We assessed 2521 Chinese college freshmen from October 2013 to December 2014. At baseline, the mean age of participants was 18.43 years (SD 0.96 years), and 1215 (48.2%) participants reported ST >2 h/day. We estimated multivariable-adjusted ORs by using logistic regression models for the risk of developing mental health problems (anxiety, depression and psychopathological symptoms) and/or progression of these problems, according to baseline ST exposure and changes in exposure at follow-up. Results: At baseline, when ST >2 h/day was compared with ST ≤2 h/day, the OR was 1.38 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.65) for anxiety, 1.55 (95% CI 1.25 to 1.93) for depression and 1.49 (95% CI 1.22 to 1.83) for psychopathological symptoms. The results remained unchanged for depressive and psychopathological symptoms but not for anxiety, after additional adjustment for sex, age, residential background, body mass index, perceived family economy, sleep quality, smoking, alcohol intake, exercise after school and physical activity. When participants who had increased their ST exposure to >2 h/day were compared with those with no change and ST ≤2 h/day, the OR was 1.78 (95% CI 1.12 to 2.83) for anxiety, 1.92 (95% CI 1.23 to 2.83) for depression and 1.93 (95% CI 1.16 to 3.21) for psychopathological symptoms. These associations also remained after additional adjustment. Conclusions: The overall effects are consistent yet small for ST/ST increment on mental health problems and its progression. Given the small effect size of the current results, it remains unclear the degree to which ST is a practically significant risk factor for mental health outcomes. Future studies of high quality are necessary to further examine this association and the direction of causality.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Our findings agree with previous literature about the predominant small effect size, in addition to the large heterogeneity of the studies.
“Our findings are agreed with previous literature about the predominant small effect size, in addition to the large heterogeneity of the studies [9, 99].”
From The associations between screen time and mental health in adolescents: a systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as [99]
The Discussion reports small associations between screen time and mental-health problems in Chinese college students and notes that findings in other studies differ. It does not characterize heterogeneity across studies as large; this is a single follow-up study, not an assessment of study heterogeneity. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593 · Cited by 20,391 · see citing works
A Rating Instrument For Anxiety Disorders
Zung, W. W. K. (1971) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(71)71479-0 · Cited by 4,578 · see citing works
The benefits of playing video games.
Granic, I., Lobel, A., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2014) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0034857 · Cited by 2,456 · see citing works
The use of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in adolescents and young adults
Radloff, L. S. (1991) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/bf01537606 · Cited by 1,997 · see citing works
Mental health problems and help-seeking behavior among college students
Hunt, J., & Eisenberg, D. (2010) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.08.008 · Cited by 1,949 · see citing works
Ferguson, C. J. (2015) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691615592234 · Cited by 524 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Ferguson concluded from 101 studies that there was no relationship between video game exposure and mental health symptoms in youth.(29) Similarly, the UK Millennium Cohort Study indicated that TV but not electronic games predicted a small increase in conduct problems, while ST did not predict other aspects of mental h…”
BackgroundScreen time is associated with depression and anxiety in Canadian youth
Maras, D., Flament, M. F., Murray, M., Buchholz, A., Henderson, K. A., Obeid, N., & Goldfield, G. S. (2015) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.01.029 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Wu, X., Tao, S., Zhang, Y., Zhang, S., & Tao, F. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119607 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Self-citationThe association between sedentary behaviour and risk of anxiety: a systematic review
Teychenne, M., Costigan, S. A., & Parker, K. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1843-x · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Physical activity, leisure-time screen use and depression among children and young adolescents
Kremer, P., Elshaug, C., Leslie, E., Toumbourou, J. W., Patton, G. C., & Williams, J. (2014) · Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2013.03.012 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Feng, Q., Zhang, Q.-L., Du, Y., Ye, Y.-L., & He, Q.-Q. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100914 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Screen time, physical activity and mental health among urban adolescents in China
Cao, H., Qian, Q., Weng, T., Yuan, C., Sun, Y., Wang, H., & Tao, F. (2011) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.09.002 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Self-citationParkes, A., Sweeting, H. N., Wight, D., & Henderson, M. (2013) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2011-301508 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Electronic Gaming and Psychosocial Adjustment
Przybylski, A. K. (2014) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2013-4021 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Relationship between physical activity and general mental health
Kim, Y. S., Park, Y. S., Allegrante, J. P., Marks, R., Ok, H., Ok Cho, K., & Garber, C. E. (2012) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.08.021 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Temporal trends and recent correlates in sedentary behaviours in Chinese children
Cui, Z., Hardy, L. L., Dibley, M. J., & Bauman, A. E. (2011) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-8-93 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Physical activity, screen time and self-rated health and mental health in Canadian adolescents
Herman, K. M., Hopman, W. M., & Sabiston, C. M. (2015) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.01.030 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Hamer, M., Coombs, N. A., & Stamatakis, E. A. (2014) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004580 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Jurewicz, I. (2015) · Clinical Medicine · doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.15-2-151 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Reducing youth screen time: Qualitative metasynthesis of findings on barriers and facilitators.
Minges, K. E., Owen, N., Salmon, J., Chao, A., Dunstan, D. W., & Whittemore, R. (2015) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000172 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Anxiety disorders and suicidal behaviour: an update
Hawgood, J. L., & Leo, D. D. (2008) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e3282f2309d · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Mental health related Internet use among psychiatric patients: a cross-sectional analysis
Kalckreuth, S., Trefflich, F., & Rummel-Kluge, C. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-014-0368-7 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
(2015) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 78 · see citing works
A prospective study of screen time in adolescence and depression symptoms in young adulthood.
Grøntved, A., Singhammer, J., Froberg, K., Møller, N., Pan, A., Pfeiffer, K., & Kristensen, P. (2015) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.08.009 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Ahmadi, J., Amiri, A., Ghanizadeh, A. J., Khademalhosseini, M., Khademalhosseini, Z., Gholami, Z., & Sharifian, M. (2014) · PubMed Central · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Mental Health Issues Among College Students: Who Gets Referred for Psychopharmacology Evaluation?
Kirsch, D. J., Doerfler, L. A., & Truong, D. (2014) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2014.960423 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
The development and application of multidimensional sub-health questionnaire of adolescents (MSQA)
Jia-h, H. (2008) · Chinese Journal of Disease Control and Prevention · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Association Between Media Use in Adolescence and Depression in Young Adulthood: A Longitudinal Study
Primack, B. A., Swanier, B., Georgiopoulos, A. M., Land, S. R., & Fine, M. J. (2009) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2008.532 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Daley, C., Patterson, A. J., Sibbritt, D. W., & MacDonald‐Wicks, L. K. (2014) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980014000561 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Yuan, C. (2008) · Chinese Journal of Public Health · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Media Managing Mood: A Look at the Possible Effects of Violent Media on Affect
Merritt, A., LaQuea, R., Cromwell, R., & Ferguson, C. J. (2015) · Child & Youth Care Forum · doi:10.1007/s10566-015-9328-8 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Factorial Structure of the CES-D Scale Among Chinese High School Students
Yao, S. (2008) · Zhongguo linchuang xinlixue zazhi · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [19]Liu XC, Tang MQ, Hu L Reliability and validity of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Chin J Psychiatry 1996; 29: 103– 7.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Wang, X., Li, Y., & Fan, H. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7904-9 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
The associations between screen time and mental health in adolescents: a systematic review
Santos, R. M. S., Mendes, C. G., Sen Bressani, G. Y., de Alcantara Ventura, S., de Almeida Nogueira, Y. J., de Miranda, D. M., & Romano-Silva, M. A. (2023) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01166-7 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
The Conceptual and Methodological Mayhem of “Screen Time”
K. Kaye, L., Orben, A., A. Ellis, D., C. Hunter, S., & Houghton, S. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17103661 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Is screen time associated with anxiety or depression in young people? Results from a UK birth cohort
Khouja, J. N., Munafò, M. R., Tilling, K., Wiles, N. J., Joinson, C., Etchells, P. J., John, A., Hayes, F. M., Gage, S. H., & Cornish, R. P. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-6321-9 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Okely, A. D., Ghersi, D., Loughran, S., Cliff, D. P., Shilton, T., Jones, R. A., Stanley, R. M., Sherring, J., Toms, N., Eckermann, S. D., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-021-01236-2 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Hossain, S., Anjum, A., Uddin, M. E., Rahman, M. A., & Hossain, M. F. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.001 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Liu, S., Wing, Y. K., Hao, Y., Li, W., Zhang, J., & Zhang, B. (2019) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy213 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Puyana, M. G., Fernández‐Batanero, J. M., Fennell, C., & Sañudo, B. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17103499 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Moitra, P., & Madan, J. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0264951 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Screen time and depression risk: A meta-analysis of cohort studies
Li, L., Zhang, Q., Zhu, L., Zeng, G., Huang, H., Zhuge, J., Kuang, X., Yang, S., Yang, D., Chen, Z., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1058572 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Lifestyle-related behaviors and depressive symptoms in college students
Vieira, F. D. S. T., Muraro, A. P., Rodrigues, P. R. M., Sichieri, R., Pereira, R. A., & Ferreira, M. G. (2021) · Cadernos de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/0102-311x00202920 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Sonza, A., de Sá-Caputo, D. D. C., Sartório, A., Tamini, S., Seixas, A., Sañudo, B., Süßenbach, J., Provenza, M. M., Xavier, V. L., Taïar, R., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18073810 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Xie, H., Tao, S., Zhang, Y., Tao, F., & Wu, X. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7873-z · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationRethinking Screen Time during COVID-19: Impact on Psychological Well-Being in Physiotherapy Students
Akulwar-Tajane, I., Parmar, K. K., Naik, P. H., & Shah, A. V. (2020) · International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Research · doi:10.26855/ijcemr.2020.10.014 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Uddin, R., Burton, N. W., & Khan, A. (2019) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-019-09697-2 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Johnstad, P. G. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1268339 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Félez-Nóbrega, M., Roig, J. B., Briones, L., Niubo, A. S., Koyanagi, A., Puigoriol, E., & Puig-Ribera, A. M. (2020) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1748359 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The Associations Between Screen Time and Mental Health in Adults: A Systematic Review
Santos, R. M. S., Ventura, S. D. A., Nogueira, Y. J. D. A., Mendes, C. G., de Paula, J. J., de Miranda, D. M., & Romano‐Silva, M. A. (2024) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-024-00398-7 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Deng, G.-F., Wen, Y., Cheng, J., Huang, B., & Liu, N. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05945-3 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Gao, J., & Gao, L. (2024) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104530 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Por que estudantes universitários apresentam estresse, ansiedade e depressão?
Fragelli, T. B. O., & Fragelli, R. R. (2021) · Revista Docência do Ensino Superior · doi:10.35699/2237-5864.2021.29593 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Garmy, P., Idecrans, T., Hertz, M., Sollerhed, A., & Hagell, P. (2019) · Journal of International Medical Research · doi:10.1177/0300060519892399 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Levante, A., Quarta, S., Massaro, M., Calabriso, N., Carluccio, M. A., Damiano, F., Pollice, F., Siculella, L., & Lecciso, F. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26626 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Alobaid, A., Syed, W., & Al‐Rawi, M. B. A. (2023) · Risk Management and Healthcare Policy · doi:10.2147/rmhp.s427792 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Wen, X., Cai, Y., Li, K., Wang, Z., Zhang, W., & Qin, M. (2023) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s430928 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Podder, D., Dasgupta, A., Paul, B., Bandyopadhyay, L., Mandal, S., Pal, A., & Mandal, M. (2020) · Indian Journal of Community Medicine · doi:10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_200_19 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Deng, R., Chen, M., Cao, R., Chen, S., Chen, K., Jin, Z., Bai, X., Tian, J., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.646368 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationMännikkö, N., Ruotsalainen, H., Miettunen, J., & Kääriäinen, M. (2020) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840.2020.1725195 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Patterns of six behaviors and psychosomatic symptoms in adolescents: A six-province study in China
Li, D., Yang, R., Hu, J., Xue, Y., Huang, X., Wan, Y., Fang, J. Q., & Zhang, S. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.118 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationScreen time and psychopathology: investigating directionality using cross-lagged panel models
Bado, P., Schäfer, J., Simioni, A., Bressan, R. A., Gadelha, A., Pan, P. M., Miguel, E. C., Rohde, L. A., & Salum, G. A. (2020) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-020-01675-5 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Tempo de tela, sintomas depressivos e sono: o ensino superior remoto na Covid-19
Santos, R. M. S., Rodrigues, I. V. A., Santos, A. P. S., Silva-Santos, A. P., & Eleutério, N. M. (2022) · Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde · doi:10.25248/reas.e9686.2022 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The relationship between online courses and mental health among Chinese children
Zhou, S., Jin, C., Guo, J., Liu, Z., Feng, Q., Wang, J., Xu, X., Wang, S., Wan, Z.-S., Obel, C., et al. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-03976-2 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Lu, H., Liang, G., Li, D., Liu, M.-X., Yin, Z.-J., Li, Y.-Z., Zhang, T., & Pan, C.-W. (2023) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2023.2217380 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Impact of Excessive Screen Time on Speech and Language in Children
Raheem, A., Khan, S., Ahmed, M., Alvi, F. J., Saleem, K., & Batool, S. (2023) · Journal of Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences · doi:10.22442/jlumhs.2023.01020 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Hu, D., Xie, P., Xia, L., Hou, H., Wang, H., Zheng, X., Chen, L., & Tang, H. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-23418-4 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Terkimbi, S. D., Agunloye, M. O., Ifie, J. E., Shinkafi, T. S., Chabet, J., Fasogbon, I. V., Mbina, S. A., Dangana, R. S., Ifie, S. E., Agbaje, A. B., et al. (2025) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-025-04835-3 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Screen Time and Mental Well-Being of Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Ganesh, R., Singh, S., Bhargava, R., & Balhara, Y. P. S. (2022) · Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_365_21 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Hosseini, S., Camacho-Zúñiga, C., Donjuan, K., Pego, L., & Escamilla, J. (2023) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci13050446 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Jin, Y., Chen, Y., Song, Y., Lou, H., Li, R., Lou, X., Liu, J., Zhao, Y., & Wang, X. (2023) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s10389-023-01983-5 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Sleep and electronic media exposure in adolescents: the rule of diminishing returns
Gozal, D. (2017) · Jornal de Pediatria · doi:10.1016/j.jped.2017.04.002 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Excessive internet use in young women
Jaafar, N. R. N., Bahar, N., Ibrahim, N., Ismail, W. S. W., & Baharudin, A. (2017) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000336 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Pfledderer, C. D., Mullane, E. J., Brown, D. M. Y., Burkart, S. A., Hunt, E. T., Johnson, A. M., Parker, H., & Salvo, D. (2025) · Journal of Activity Sedentary and Sleep Behaviors · doi:10.1186/s44167-025-00086-8 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Albokhari, S. M., Garout, W., Alghamdi, M., Garout, A., NoorSaeed, S. M., & Daali, S. M. (2019) · Saudi Medical Journal · doi:10.15537/smj.2019.11.24660 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Uddin, R., Burton, N. W., & Khan, A. (2021) · Sports Medicine and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.smhs.2021.09.002 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Simplício, A. P. D. M., Viola, P. C. D. A. F., Lavôr, L. C. D. C., Sousa, P. V. D. L., de Carvalho, C. A., Rodrigues, L. A. R. L., Lustosa, L. C. R. D. S., Pinheiro, M. D. S., de Lima, J. M. P., Ibiapina, C. R. L. D. S., et al. (2023) · Current Nutrition & Food Science · doi:10.2174/1573401319666230503155748 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Sârbu, E. A., Iovu, M.-B., Lazăr, F., & Ghețău, C. (2024) · BRAIN BROAD RESEARCH IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE · doi:10.18662/brain/15.1/536 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Farooq, S., Lakhdir, M. P. A., Parpio, Y. N., Haider, S. I., Rahim, S., Nathwani, A. A., & Arthur, D. G. (2021) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.12870 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Screen time and psychopathology: investigating directionality using cross-lagged panel modelsPreprint
Bado, P., Schäfer, J., Simioni, A., Bressan, R. A., Gadelha, A., Pan, P. M., Miguel, E. C., Rohde, L. A., & Salum, G. A. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/q8tur · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Ma, W., Yeh, T., Ho, Y., Chang, S., & Lin, Y. (2021) · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1111/ppc.12939 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Peng, J., & Ren, H. C. (2024) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102829 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-Accessing Popular Media for Suicide-Intervention: Exploring Youth-Led Public Discourse
Hayvon, J. C. (2024) · Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s40737-024-00438-8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Liu, W., Yu, J., She, X., Wang, H., Min, W. A. N. G., Abbey, C., Singh, M. K., Rozelle, S., & Tong, L. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-06642-w · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Increased Screen Time During the Pandemic: Lessons Learnt
Mehta, A., Sing, A., & Mehta, S. (2023) · International Journal of Health Sciences and Research · doi:10.52403/ijhsr.20230101 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Susana, D., Preethi, S. J. G., Sekar, S. R. R., Prithieep, R., Babu, B. R., & Babu, V. S. (2021) · International Conference on Advancements in Electrical, Electronics, Communication, Computing and Automation (ICAECA) · doi:10.1109/icaeca52838.2021.9675667 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Wu, G., Eades, C. E., & Hoyle, L. P. (2026) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/93848 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Varsori, E., & Pinho, M. (2026) · Mobile Media & Communication · doi:10.1177/20501579261454068 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sleep and electronic media exposure in adolescents: the rule of diminishing returns
Gozal, D. (2017) · Jornal de Pediatria (Versão em Português) · doi:10.1016/j.jpedp.2017.04.012 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Fitra Anggreni Kusuma, R., Adliah, F., & Mustari, Y. (2023) · Jurnal Fisioterapi dan Rehabilitasi · doi:10.33660/jfrwhs.v7i2.263 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Comportamento sedentário em universitários: uma revisão sistemática
Franco, D. C., Ferraz, N. L., & de Sousa, T. F. (2019) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · doi:10.1590/1980-0037.2019v21e56485 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Farooq, S., Parpio, Y. N., Sattar, S., Ali, Z., Rahim, S., & Peerwani, G. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-710107/v1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Screen time, physical activity, dietary pattern and their interplay among adolescents
Tundia, M., & Thakrar, D. (2023) · Health Promotion & Physical Activity · doi:10.55225/hppa.489 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
gao, L., & Gao, J. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4848193
Ding, L., Zhang, H., Wang, X., Ma, M., & Kong, W. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.120860
Jiang, X., Li, Z., Wen, P., Ling, Y., Li, H., & Huang, J. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-25976-z
Zhou, S., Jin, C., Guo, J., Liu, Z., Feng, Q., Wang, J., Xu, X.-R., Wang, S., Wan, Z.-S., Obel, C., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19745063
Exploring Mental Well-Being: A Study of Youth Watching Anime Across Gender
Milli, H., Agarwal, D. S., & Singh, S. (2025) · Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health · doi:10.18311/jeoh/2025/44993
Meng, S., Yu, K., Huang, C. J., Wu, Y., Zhang, K., & Ming, Z. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9186475/v1
Söğütlüler, T. (2026) · Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi · doi:10.19145/e-gifder.1807042
- Authors
- Wu, X., Tao, S., Zhang, S., Zhang, Y., Chen, K., Yang, Y., Hao, J., & Tao, F.
- Affiliations
- Anhui Medical University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Tao, Fangbiao
- ORCID
- Venue
- BMJ Open
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2016-11
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- e011533
- ISSN
- 2044-6055 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5129036
- OpenAlex
- W2554359296
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 11.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- BMJ Open (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81302448)
- Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- screen time, mental illness, anxiety, depression, psychiatric symptoms, first-year students, Chinese youth, sleep quality, physical activity, alcohol and tobacco use
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anxiety, China, Computers, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Health, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risk Factors, Students, Television, Time Factors, Universities, Multivariate Analysis, Logistic Models, Young Adult, Self Report
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
