Reducing youth screen time: Qualitative metasynthesis of findings on barriers and facilitators.
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OBJECTIVE: An integrated perspective on the relevant qualitative findings on the experience of screen time in youth can inform the development of hypotheses to be tested in future research and can guide the development of interventions to decrease sedentary behavior. The purpose of this qualitative metasynthesis was to explore parent, youth, and educational professionals' perceptions of barriers to, and facilitators of, reducing youth screen time. METHOD: Qualitative metasynthesis techniques were used to analyze and synthesize 15 qualitative studies of screen time among youth (11-18 years) meeting inclusion criteria. The phrases, quotes, and/or author interpretations (i.e., theme or subtheme) were recorded in a data display matrix to facilitate article comparisons. Codes were collapsed into 23 categories of similar conceptual meaning and 3 overarching themes were derived using thematic analysis procedures. RESULTS: Study sample sizes ranged from 6 to 270 participants from 6 countries. Data collection methods included focus groups (n = 6), interviews (n = 4), focus group and interviews (n = 4), and naturalistic observation (n = 1) with youth and/or parents. Data analysis techniques included thematic analysis (n = 9), content analysis (n = 3), grounded theory (n = 1), observation (n = 1), and interpretive phenomenological analysis (n = 1). Three thematic categories were identified: (a) youth's norms-screen time is an integral part of daily life, and facilitates opportunities for entertainment, social interaction, and escapism; (b) family dynamics and parental roles-parents are conflicted and send mixed messages about the appropriate uses and amounts of screen time; and, (c) resources and environment-engagement in screen time is dependent on school, community, neighborhood, and home environmental contexts. CONCLUSIONS: Screen time is an established norm in many youth cultures, presenting barriers to behavior change. Parents recognize the importance of reducing youth screen time, but model and promote engagement themselves. For youth and parents, mutually agreed rules, limits, and parental monitoring of screen time were perceived as likely to be effective.
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Earlier research has shown that authoritative and restrictive ways of parental mediation of technology use do not contribute well to compliance.
“Earlier research has shown that authoritative and restrictive ways of parental mediation of technology use do not contribute well to compliance [29, 59].”
From “From the moment I wake up I will use it…every day, very hour”: a qualitative study on the patterns of adolescents’ mobile touch screen device use from adolescent and parent perspectives (2019) · cites this paper as [59]
In Results (Family Dynamics and Parental Roles; page not provided), the metasynthesis reports that youth sometimes circumvented parent-imposed screen-time limits when they felt the limits were unfair or had not helped set them. But it also reports that parents and youth saw rules as useful, and that youth favored steadfast enforcement of agreed-upon rules. It does not support the broad claim that authoritative and restrictive parental mediation generally fails to promote compliance. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredReducing access to screen-based devices in the bedroom has been identified as a facilitator to reduce screen use.
“reducing access to screen-based devices in the bedroom has been identified as a facilitator to reduce screen use [53]”
From Using Wearable Cameras to Categorize the Type and Context of Screen-Based Behaviors Among Adolescents: Observational Study (2022) · cites this paper as [53]
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- Authors
- Minges, K. E., Owen, N., Salmon, J., Chao, A., Dunstan, D. W., & Whittemore, R.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (AU)
- Deakin University (AU)
- Venue
- Health Psychology
- Published
- 2015-04
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 381-397
- ISSN
- 0278-6133 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-7810
- PMC
- PMC4456186
- OpenAlex
- W1990350625
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 28.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Health Psychology (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
- Own your potential (DEAKIN) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (T32-DK07718, T32-NR008346)
- National Health and Medical Research Council (569940, 1003960, APP1026216)
- Victorian Government
- Jonas Center for Nursing Excellence
- Australian Research Council (FT100100918)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Keywords
- sedentary behavior, facilitators, parental influence, family dynamics, parental supervision, environmental context, behavior change
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Age Factors, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Parents, Television, Health Behavior, Focus Groups, Video Games, Qualitative Research, Sedentary Behavior, Observational Studies as Topic
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