The association between sedentary behaviour and risk of anxiety: a systematic review
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BACKGROUND: Previous research has linked sedentary behaviour (SB) to adverse physical health outcomes in adults and youth. Although evidence for the relationship between SB and mental health outcomes (e.g., depression) is emerging, little is known regarding risk of anxiety. METHODS: A systematic search for original research investigating the association between SB and risk of anxiety was performed using numerous electronic databases. A total of nine observational studies (seven cross-sectional and two longitudinal) were identified. Methodological quality of studies was assessed and a best-evidence synthesis was conducted. RESULTS: One cross-sectional study demonstrated a strong methodological quality, five cross-sectional studies demonstrated a moderate methodological quality and three studies (two cross-sectional one longitudinal) received a weak methodological quality rating. Overall, there was moderate evidence for a positive relationship between total SB and anxiety risk as well as for a positive relationship between sitting time and anxiety risk. There was inconsistent evidence for the relationship between screen time, television viewing time, computer use, and anxiety risk. CONCLUSION: Limited evidence is available on the association between SB and risk of anxiety. However, our findings suggest a positive association (i.e. anxiety risk increases as SB time increases) may exist (particularly between sitting time and risk of anxiety). Further high-quality longitudinal/interventional research is needed to confirm findings and determine the direction of these relationships.
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Clinical guidelines for metabolic screening upon initiation or continuation of SGAs recommend that blood pressure, BMI, blood glucose and lipids be checked at least every six months.
“Currently, clinical guidelines for metabolic screening upon initiation or continuation of SGAs put forth that blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), blood glucose and lipids should be checked at least every six months.[131][132][133]”
From The Lancet Psychiatry Commission: a blueprint for protecting physical health in people with mental illness (2019) · cites this paper as [133]
Positive associations between screen-based sedentary behaviors and emotional disorder symptoms have been previously identified, but much of the work to date is cross-sectional.
“While positive associations between screen-based sedentary behaviors and emotional disorder symptoms have been previously identified, much of the work to date is cross-sectional (Hoare et al., 2016; Teychenne et al., 2015)”
From Reciprocal associations between screen time and emotional disorder symptoms during adolescence (2019) · cites this paper as Teychenne et al., 2015
Physical inactivity has been identified as a risk factor for the development of anxiety.
“Conversely, physical inactivity has been identified as a risk factor for the development of anxiety [53] as well as for other conditions such as depression [54–56].”
From Moving to Beat Anxiety: Epidemiology and Therapeutic Issues with Physical Activity for Anxiety (2018) · cites this paper as [53]
Physical inactivity is a significant but modifiable cardiovascular risk factor that is widespread in people with mental health problems, including anxiety disorders.
“Factors such as physical inactivity represent a significant, but modifiable cardiovascular risk factor that is widespread in people with mental health problems [107], including anxiety disorders [25•, 53].”
From Moving to Beat Anxiety: Epidemiology and Therapeutic Issues with Physical Activity for Anxiety (2018) · cites this paper as [53]
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“Excessive screen time use has been shown to be associated with a range of negative mental health outcomes (Allen et al., 2019; Huang et al., 2020; Teychenne et al., 2015).”
Zink, J., Belcher, B. R., Imm, K., & Leventhal, A. M. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08572-1 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Lifestyle factors in the prevention of COVID-19
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“High levels of sedentary time have been linked detrimentally with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and premature mortality (21, 22).”
BackgroundPaniccia, M., Paniccia, D., Thomas, S. G., Taha, T., & Reed, N. P. (2017) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2017.08.008 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“Firstly, individuals with mental health issues have been found to be more sedentary compared to those without mental health issues (Boettger et al., 2009; Teychenne et al., 2015) and this could play a role in modulating neurocardiac function (Boettger et al.”
Edwardson, C. L., Biddle, S., Clemes, S. A., Davies, M. J., Dunstan, D. W., Eborall, H., Granat, M. H., Gray, L. J., Healy, G. N., Jaicim, N. B., et al. (2022) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-069288 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
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“Of particular relevance to our present study, a recent systematic review demonstrated a positive association between sedentary behavior and anxiety (Teychenne et al., 2015).”
BackgroundHallgren, M. Å., Nguyen, T.-T.-D., Owen, N. G., Vancampfort, D., Dunstan, D. W., Wallin, P., Andersson, G. B. J., & Ekblom‐Bak, E. (2020) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106021 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Lee, Y., Malcein, L. A., & Kim, S. C. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18073571 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“These lifestyle changes during the pandemic have been linked to poor mental health [27], thus confirming the established association between excessive screen time and negative mental health outcomes from pre-pandemic times [28,29].”
BackgroundKoyanagi, A., Stubbs, B., & Vancampfort, D. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0202222 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
The association between sedentary behaviour and indicators of stress: a systematic review
Teychenne, M. J., Stephens, L. D., Costigan, S. A., Olstad, D. L., Stubbs, B., & Turner, A. I. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7717-x · Cited by 85 · see citing works
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Lifestyle Interventions and Prevention of Suicide
Berardelli, I., Corigliano, V., Hawkins, M., Comparelli, A., Erbuto, D., & Pompili, M. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00567 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Hallgren, M. Å., Nguyen, T.-T.-D., Owen, N. G., Vancampfort, D., Smith, L., Dunstan, D. W., Andersson, G. B. J., Wallin, P., & Ekblom‐Bak, E. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-0810-1 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
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“Sedentary time also negatively influences mental health including increased risk for anxiety (Teychenne et al., 2015), depression (Teychenne et al.”
BackgroundImpact of screen time on mental health problems progression in youth: a 1-year follow-up study
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Physical activity and sedentary behavior in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Margiotta, D. P. E., Basta, F., Dolcini, G., Batani, V., Vullo, M. L., Vernuccio, A., Navarini, L., & Afeltra, A. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0193728 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Reciprocal associations between screen time and emotional disorder symptoms during adolescence
Zink, J., Belcher, B. R., Kechter, A., Stone, M. D., & Leventhal, A. M. (2019) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.01.014 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“While positive associations between screen-based sedentary behaviors and emotional disorder symptoms have been previously identified, much of the work to date is cross-sectional (Hoare et al., 2016; Teychenne et al., 2015), and thus it is plausible that the associations are reciprocal (Gunnell et al.”
BackgroundOn behalf of the GUSTO Study Group, Padmapriya, N., Bernard, J. Y., Shen, L., Loy, S. L., Shen, Z., Kwek, K. Y. C., Godfrey, K. M., Gluckman, P. D., Chong, Y. S., et al. (2016) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-016-0664-y · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“In addition, previous studies in general populations suggest that SB, including television time, was positively associated with risk of depression and anxiety (de Wit et al. 2011; Granner and Mburia-Mwalili 2010; Rebar Amanda et al. 2014; Teychenne et al. 2015; Teychenne et al. 2010).”
BackgroundInfluentialTea, cocoa, coffee, and affective disorders: vicious or virtuous cycle?
García-Blanco, T., Dávalos, A., & Visioli, F. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.11.033 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“Other lifestyle factors such as physical activity also influence the microbiota (Clarke et al., 2014) and there is evidence that exercise or lack of it also influence behavior (Teychenne et al., 2015).”
BackgroundGibson, A., Muggeridge, D. J., Hughes, A. R., Kelly, L. A., & Kirk, A. F. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185143 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
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“Though the mechanisms linking anxiety-induced sleep disturbance and sedentary behavior are not explored yet, there is some evidence from studies in adults that sedentary behavior may induce anxiety [15-18] while it is associated with an increased risk for sleep disturbances [19].”
BackgroundVancampfort, D., Stubbs, B., Herring, M. P., Hallgren, M. Å., & Koyanagi, A. (2017) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2017.09.006 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“analysis, almost exclusively among high-income countries, found a positive relationship between increasing time spent sedentary or sitting and anxiety risk [12].”
BackgroundDietary Patterns and Their Association with Anxiety Symptoms among Older Adults: The ATTICA Study
Masana, M. F., Tyrovolas, S., Kollia, N., Chrysohoou, C. A., Skoumas, J., Haro, J. M., Tousoulis, D. M., Papageorgiou, C., Pitsavos, C. S., & Panagiotakos, D. B. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11061250 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“, sitting time and screen time) is related to an increased risk for anxiety [40], and higher levels of anxiety were associated with increased diabetes risk among women but not among men [41].”
BackgroundBlough, J., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.019 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
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“Based on previous evidence of associations of exercise and CRF with depression (Hallgren, Nguyen, et al., 2020b; Zhai, Zhang, & Zhang, 2014) and anxiety (Teychenne, Costigan, & Parker, 2015), the variables listed below were included in the statistical models.”
BackgroundSatisfaction with Online Versus In-Person Yoga During COVID-19
Brinsley, J., Smout, M., & Davison, K. (2021) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2021.0062 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
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“depression and anxiety) (Asare 2015; Boers et al. 2019; Liu et al. 2015; Teychenne et al. 2015) including severe depressive symptomatology in obese adolescents (Goldfield et al.”
BackgroundŞengel, Ü., Genç, G., Işkın, M., Çevrimkaya, M., Zengin, B., & Sarıışık, M. (2022) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights · doi:10.1108/jhti-10-2021-0295 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Exercise Intervention in Treatment of Neuropsychological Diseases: A Review
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“Sedentary lifestyles increase the risk of developing anxiety disorders (Teychenne et al., 2015) or other mental disorders such as depression (Schuch et al.”
BackgroundAlzahrani, H. A., Alshehri, M. A., Alzhrani, M., Alshehri, Y. S., & Attar, W. S. A. A. (2022) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.13127 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
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Increased Risks of Mental Disorders: Youth with Inactive Physical Activity
Denche-Zamorano, Á. M., Franco-García, J. M., Carlos‐Vivas, J., Mendoza-Muñoz, M., Pereira-Payo, D., Pastor-Cisneros, R., Merellano-Navarro, E., & Adsuar, J. C. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10020237 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“9%); physical inactivity seemed to be related to a higher predisposition to experience mental disorders n Spanish youth, something th t has already been found in ther studies, whe e physical inactivity was related to an increased risk of suffering anxiety [26,48].”
BackgroundVancampfort, D., Vandael, H., Hallgren, M. Å., Probst, M., Hagemann, N., Bouckaert, F., & Damme, T. V. (2018) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.07.014 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Sampasa-Kanyinga, H., Chaput, J.-P., Goldfield, G. S., Janssen, I., Wang, J., Hamilton, H. A., Ferro, M. A., & Colman, I. (2021) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743720970863 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Medical student wellness in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide survey
Nikolis, A., Wakim, A., Adams, W., & Bajaj, P. (2021) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-021-02837-y · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Dillon, K., Rollo, S., & Harry Prapavessis, A. (2021) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2021.1900574 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“High levels of sitting have also been shown to have an impact on mental well-being, such as increased risk of anxiety and depression (Teychenne et al., 2015; Zhai et al., 2015).”
BackgroundHofman, A., Voortman, T., Ikram, M. A., & Luik, A. I. (2021) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2020-215883 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
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“The sleep-promoting effect of physical activity is not understood fully, but physical activity can improve psychological health and wellbeing (Park, 2014; Teychenne et al., 2015) which, in”
BackgroundDuncan, F., Baskin, C., McGrath, M., Coker, J. F., Lee, C. Y., Dykxhoorn, J. L., Adams, E. A., Gnani, S., Lafortune, L., Kirkbride, J. B., et al. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11741-5 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Koyanagi, A., Stubbs, B., Smith, L., Gardner, B., & Vancampfort, D. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0186992 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“However, previous research in Western populations has demonstrated that being sedentary may increase the risk of developing anxiety [54], possibly through increasing inflammatory markers [55].”
BackgroundAddictive Eating and Its Relation to Physical Activity and Sleep Behavior
Li, J., Pursey, K., Duncan, M. J., & Burrows, T. L. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10101428 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“There is also some evidence suggesting that greater sitting time and other sedentary behaviors in addition to sleep disorders may also influence mental health outcomes [67] given sleep disorders can be a core symptom of depression [68].”
BackgroundThe impact of sitting time and physical activity on mental health during COVID-19 lockdown
Pears, M., Kola, S., & Azevedo, L. B. (2021) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-021-00791-2 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“However, the association between wellbeing and sedentary behaviour is controversial [53, 54], and sedentary behaviour appears to have only a small effect on anxiety [55, 56].”
BackgroundMeyer, J. D., Torres, E. R., Grabow, M., Zgierska, A. E., Teng, H., Coe, C. L., & Barrett, B. P. (2018) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001636 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Temporal Associations of Screen Time and Anxiety Symptoms Among Adolescents
Boers, E., Afzali, M. H., & Conrod, P. (2019) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743719885486 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Abrégé Il y a des indications que le temps d’écran est associé à des symptômes d’anxiété chez des adolescents (1), mais d’une perspective longitudinale, la magnitude, la spécificité et la préséance temporelle de cette association sont relativement sousexplorées.”
Stroke survivors’ perceptions of their sedentary behaviours three months after stroke
Fitzsimons, C. F., Nicholson, S. L., Morris, J. H., Mead, G. E., CHASTIN, S. F. M., & Niven, A. G. (2020) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2020.1768304 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Baldanzi, G., Sayols-Baixeras, S., Ekblom‐Bak, E., Ekblom, Ö. B., Dekkers, K. F., Hammar, U., Nguyen, D. T., Ahmad, S., Ericson, U., Arvidsson, D., et al. (2024) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.104989 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Computer use at work is associated with self-reported depressive and anxiety disorder
Kim, T., Kang, M., Yoo, M., Lee, D., & Hong, Y. (2016) · Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1186/s40557-016-0146-8 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Recently, systematic reviews investigated that sedentary works including computer work were related with depression and anxiety [26 – 28].”
BackgroundAssociation of objective sedentary behaviour and self-rated health in English older adults
Wilson, J. J., Blackburn, N. E., O’Reilly, R., Kee, F., Caserotti, P., & Tully, M. A. (2019) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-019-4050-5 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
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“However, excessive screen time has been shown to be associated with a range of negative mental health outcomes, including anxiety and depression, in adolescents considered particularly vulnerable to a problematic use of online media [32-34].”
BackgroundJohnstad, P. G. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1268339 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Reviews have also found evidence of an association between anxiety and sedentary behavior (68–71) and poor diet quality (49, 52).”
BackgroundKleppang, A. L., Thurston, M. N., Hartz, I., & Hagquist, C. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1403494817716374 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Daily Sedentary Behavior Predicts Pain and Affect in Knee Arthritis
Zhaoyang, R., & Martire, L. M. (2018) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kay073 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Consistent with previous studies [5], we also found evidence that individuals who spent more time in SB in general reported lower positive affect and higher negative affect in general than those who spent less time in SB.”
ResultSvensson, M., Brundin, L., Erhardt, S., Hållmarker, U., James, S. K., & Deierborg, T. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.714014 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Khazaal, W., Taliani, M., Boutros, C., Abou-Abbas, L., Hosseini, H., Salameh, P., & Sadier, N. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.663267 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
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“Indirect mechanisms linking the association of SB and mental health can be explained by intermediate factors such as obesity, unhealthy eating habits, and sleep disorders [15, 44, 45].”
BackgroundTan, S. L., Jetzke, M., Vergeld, V., & Müller, C. (2020) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/20119 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“These scenarios could find their rationale in the observation that university students engage in high volumes of ST due to activities like attending lectures and studying that potentially place them at detrimental physical [49] and mental health states [59,60].”
BackgroundCocker, K. A. D., Teychenne, M. J., White, R. L., & Bennie, J. A. (2020) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106192 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citation24-Hour movement behaviors among visually impaired US children and adolescents
Hou, M., Herold, F., Healy, S., Haegele, J. A., Block, M. E., Ludyga, S., Schuch, F. B., Ng, J. L., Gerber, M., Hossain, M. M., et al. (2023) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2023.100545 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
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“Furthermore, LTPA can improve psychological health and well-being (46, 47), which in turn may reduce the risk of insomnia (48).”
BackgroundAshdown‐Franks, G., Koyanagi, A., Vancampfort, D., Smith, L., Firth, J., Schuch, F. B., Veronese, N., & Stubbs, B. (2018) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.08.005 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
on behalf of the Seniors USP team, Okely, J. A., Čukić, I., Shaw, R. J., CHASTIN, S. F. M., Dall, P., Deary, I. J., Der, G., Dontje, M. L., Skelton, D. A., et al. (2019) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-019-1026-1 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
National Adolescent School-based Health Survey - PeNSE 2015: Sedentary behavior and its correlates
Silva, R. M. A., Andrade, A. C. D. S., Caiaffa, W. T., de Medeiros, D. S., & Bezerra, V. M. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0228373 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“SB has been associated with the occurrence of adverse physical and mental health outcomes, such as diabetes, cancer, metabolic syndrome, obesity, cardiovascular disorders, mortality [2–5], anxiety, self-esteem, and depression [6, 7].”
Background
- Authors
- Teychenne, M., Costigan, S. A., & Parker, K.
- Affiliations
- Deakin University (AU)
- University of Newcastle Australia (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Teychenne, Megan
- Venue
- BMC Public Health
- Published
- 2015-06-19
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 513-513
- ISSN
- 1471-2458 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4474345
- OpenAlex
- W1943532712
- Cited by
- 351
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 2.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Deakin Research Online (Deakin University) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- sedentary behavior, anxiety, sitting time, screen time, television viewing, computer use, mental health, physical inactivity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Humans, Male, Risk Assessment, Sedentary Behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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