Delineating the concept of self-management in chronic conditions: a concept analysis
Open accessAbstract
Objectives: Self-management is a concept frequently used within healthcare but lacks consensus. It is the aim of this study to clarify the concept. Design: Concept analysis according to Walker and Avant, comprises eight steps: select concept, determine purpose, identify uses, determine defining attributes, identify model case, identify additional cases, identify antecedents and consequences and define empirical referents. Sources used: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Results: Ten attributes delineating the concept have been identified and organised into three groups. Group (a): person-oriented attributes: the person must (1) actively take part in the care process, (2) take responsibility for the care process and (3) have a positive way of coping with adversity. Group (b): person-environment-oriented attributes: (4) the person must be informed about the condition, disease and treatment and self-management, (5) should be individualised, which entails expressing needs, values and priorities, (6) requires openness to ensure a reciprocal partnership with healthcare providers and (7) demands openness to social support. Finally, Group (c): summarising attributes: self-management (8) is a lifetime task, (9) assumes personal skills and (10) encompasses the medical, role and emotional management. Conclusions: The findings of this study recognise the complexity of the concept, but also show the need for further investigation to make the concept more measurable. Clarity about the concept will enhance understanding and facilitate implementation in self-management programmes for chronic conditions.
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Preventing chronic conditions by promoting and enabling self-management is now widely regarded as critical to improving client outcomes and reducing demands on health systems.
“Preventing chronic conditions by promoting and enabling self-management is now widely regarded as critical to improving client outcomes and reducing demands on health systems [6,7].”
From Features of Structured, One-to-One Videoconference Interventions That Actively Engage People in the Management of Their Chronic Conditions: Scoping Review (2025) · cites this paper as [6]
The Introduction says self-management interventions for people with chronic conditions improve health outcomes and may reduce healthcare utilisation. It describes helping patients manage the consequences of existing conditions, not preventing chronic conditions from developing. The Discussion and conclusion also cautions that the link with reduced healthcare utilisation needs further study. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSelf-management programs are known to effectively improve health outcomes and reduce health system demands.
“Self-management programs are known to effectively improve health outcomes and reduce health system demands [6,7].”
From Features of Structured, One-to-One Videoconference Interventions That Actively Engage People in the Management of Their Chronic Conditions: Scoping Review (2025) · cites this paper as [6]
The Introduction reports that self-management interventions significantly improve health outcomes and are associated with reduced healthcare utilisation. The Discussion and conclusion calls the utilisation evidence emerging, urges care in interpreting it, and says more research is needed. Thus, the claim overstates how firmly reduced health-system demand is established. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSelf-management includes seeking support, making decisions, and altering behaviors in the context of everyday life.
“This work, commonly termed self-management, includes seeking support, making decisions, and altering behaviors in the context of everyday life [6-8].”
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“This work, commonly termed self-management, includes seeking support, making decisions, and altering behaviors in the context of everyday life [6-8].”
- Authors
- Van de Velde, D., De Zutter, F., Satink, T., Costa, U., Janquart, S., Senn, D., & De Vriendt, P.
- Affiliations
- HAN University of Applied Sciences (NL)
- Health University of Applied Sciences Tyrol (AT)
- Ghent University (BE)
- ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences (CH)
- Venue
- BMJ Open
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2019-07
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- e027775
- ISSN
- 2044-6055 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6661649
- OpenAlex
- W2961864039
- Cited by
- 274
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 15.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- BMJ Open (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Lirias (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften digital collection (Zurich University of Applied Sciences) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) (submittedVersion)
- ZHAW Digital Collection (cc-by-nc)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Nursing care and research
- Keywords
- self-management, chronic disease, conceptual analysis, defining attributes, patient participation, patient-provider partnership, social support, individualized care, coping with adversity, self-management program, concept measurement
- MeSH terms
- Self-Management, Attitude of Health Personnel, Chronic Disease, Delivery of Health Care, Humans
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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