Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a challenge from mechanisms to therapy.

Tarantino, Giovanni; Citro, Vincenzo; Capone, Domenico

doi:10.3390/jcm9010015

Cited by 134Liver Disease Diagnosis and TreatmentLiver physiology and pathologyAlcohol Consumption and Health Effects

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a challenge from mechanisms to therapy.

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Tarantino, Giovanni, Citro, Vincenzo, Capone, Domenico·2019·Journal of Clinical Medicine

DOI 10.3390/jcm9010015PMC PMC7019297

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Abstract

Focusing on previously published mechanisms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), their uncertainty does not always permit a clear elucidation of the grassroot alterations that are at the basis of the wide-spread illness, and thus curing it is still a challenge. There is somehow exceptional progress, but many controversies persist in NAFLD research and clinical investigation. It is likely that hidden mechanisms will be brought to light in the near future. Hereby, the authors present, with some criticism, classical mechanisms that stand at the basis of NAFLD, and consider contextually different emerging processes. Without ascertaining these complex interactions, investigators have a long way left ahead before finding an effective therapy for NAFLD beyond diet and exercise.

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NAFLD development is associated with the insulin receptor, low-grade inflammation, and ectopic lipid deposition.
“its development is associated with the insulin receptor, low-grade inflammation, and ectopic lipid deposition”
From Effect of Exercise Training on Fat Loss—Energetic Perspectives and the Role of Improved Adipose Tissue Function and Body Fat Distribution (2021) · cites this paper as Tarantino et al., 2019
The Introduction identifies insulin resistance as a driver of NAFLD, Section 10 discusses chronic low-grade inflammation, and Section 4 links ectopic lipid accumulation to insulin resistance and inflammation (page numbers unavailable). The claim says “insulin receptor,” but the paper’s account of NAFLD development concerns insulin resistance; its separate discussion of receptor signaling does not establish the claimed association. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
NAFLD is exacerbated with AT dysfunction.
“Consequently, NAFLD is exacerbated with AT dysfunction”
From Effect of Exercise Training on Fat Loss—Energetic Perspectives and the Role of Improved Adipose Tissue Function and Body Fat Distribution (2021) · cites this paper as Tarantino et al., 2019

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A Cohort Study of Serum Bilirubin Levels and Incident Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Middle Aged Korean Workers
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Adipocyte-derived lipids increase angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) expression and modulate macrophage phenotype
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and subclinical atherosclerosis: A comparison of metabolically- versus genetically-driven excess fat hepatic storage
Costanzo, A. D., D’Erasmo, L., Polimeni, L., Baratta, F., Coletta, P., Martino, M. D., Loffredo, L., Perri, L., Ceci, F., Montali, A., et al. (2016) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.12.018 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Serum concentrations of the tissue polypeptide specific antigen in patients suffering from non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis
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mTORC1 inhibition with rapamycin exacerbates adipose tissue inflammation in obese mice and dissociates macrophage phenotype from function
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Hepatic oleate regulates liver stress response partially through PGC-1α during high-carbohydrate feeding
Liu, X., Burhans, M. S., Flowers, M. T., & Ntambi, J. M. (2016) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2016.03.001 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Short-term vitamin E treatment impairs reactive oxygen species signaling required for adipose tissue expansion, resulting in fatty liver and insulin resistance in obese mice
Alcalá, M., Calderón‐Domínguez, M., Serra, D., Herrero, L., Ramos, P., & Viana, M. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0186579 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Circulating and liver tissue levels of retinol‐binding protein‐4 in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Schina, M., Koskinas, J. S., TINIAKOS, D. G., Hadziyannis, E. S., Savvas, S., Karamanos, B. G., Manesis, E. K., & Archimandritis, A. J. (2009) · Hepatology Research · doi:10.1111/j.1872-034x.2009.00534.x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The effects of indoor and outdoor temperature on metabolic rate and adipose tissue – the Mississippi perspective on the obesity epidemic
Turner, J. B. M., Kumar, A., & Koch, C. A. (2016) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-016-9358-z · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Stress turns on the heat: Regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and UCP1 by ROS in adipocytes
Palacios-Ortega, S., Chouchani, E. T., & Boudina, S. (2016) · Adipocyte · doi:10.1080/21623945.2016.1273298 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Accumulation of saturated intramyocellular lipid is associated with insulin resistance
Savage, D. B., Watson, L. P. E., Carr, K., Adams, C., Brage, S., Chatterjee, K., Hodson, L., Boesch, C., Kemp, G. J., & Sleigh, A. (2019) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m091942 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Correlation between Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Visceral Adipose Tissue in Non-Obese Chinese Adults: A CT Evaluation
Yu, A., Duanmu, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, L., Guo, Z., Yongqiang, Y., Wang, Y., & Cheng, X. (2018) · Korean Journal of Radiology · doi:10.3348/kjr.2018.19.5.923 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Crosstalk between Immune Cells and Adipocytes Requires Both Paracrine Factors and Cell Contact to Modify Cytokine Secretion
Nitta, C. F., & Orlando, R. A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077306 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Hepatic artery resistive index (HARI) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) fibrosis score in NAFLD patients: cut-off suggestive of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) evolution
Tana, C., Tana, M., Rossi, S., Silingardi, M., & Schiavone, C. (2016) · Journal of Ultrasound · doi:10.1007/s40477-016-0203-8 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Measurement of spleen volume is useful for distinguishing between simple steatosis and early‐stage non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis
Suzuki, K., Kirikoshi, H., Yoneda, M., Mawatari, H., Fujita, K., Nozaki, Y., Takahashi, H., Abe, Y., Inamori, M., Shimamura, T., et al. (2010) · Hepatology Research · doi:10.1111/j.1872-034x.2010.00643.x · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A favorable endogenous response
Kumar, R. K., Rastogi, A., Maras, J. S., & Sarin, S. K. (2011) · Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.11.017 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Atorvastatin reduces lipid accumulation in the liver by activating protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of perilipin 5
Gao, X., Nan, Y., Zhao, Y., Yuan, Y., Ren, B., Sun, C., Cao, K., Yu, M., Feng, X., & Ye, J. (2017) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.09.007 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Sex hormone affects the severity of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis through the MyD88-dependent IL-6 signaling pathway
Xin, G., Qin, S., Wang, S., Wang, X., Zhang, Y., & Wang, J. (2015) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1535370215570189 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Fundamental roles for hypoxia signalling in adipose tissue metabolism and inflammation in obesity
Michailidou, Z. (2019) · Current Opinion in Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.cophys.2019.09.005 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
PPAR‐γ agonist ameliorates liver pathology accompanied by increasing regulatory B and T cells in high‐fat‐diet mice
Xu, Z., Wang, G., Zhu, Y., Liu, R., Song, J., Ni, Y., Sun, H., Yang, B., Hou, M., Chen, L., et al. (2017) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21769 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Spleen development is modulated by neonatal gut microbiota
Rosado, M. M., Aranburu, A., Scarsella, M., Cascioli, S., Giorda, E., CHIERICO, F. D., Mortera, S. L., Mortari, E. P., Petrini, S., Putignani, L., et al. (2018) · Immunology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2018.04.010 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Which Clinical and Sonographic Parameters May Be Useful to Discriminate NASH from Steatosis?
Zardi, E. M., de Sio, I., Ghittoni, G., Sadun, B., Palmentieri, B., Roselli, P., Persico, M., & Caturelli, E. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mcg.0b013e3181dc25e3 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
No effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a pilot randomised study
Makariou, S. E., Elisaf, M., Challa, A. S., Tentolouris, N., & Liberopoulos, E. N. (2017) · Archives of Medical Science - Atherosclerotic Diseases · doi:10.5114/amsad.2017.70504 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Chronic exposure to Pb2+ perturbs Ch REBP transactivation and coerces hepatic dyslipidemia
Daniel, P. V., Kamthan, M., Gera, R., Dogra, S., Gautam, K., Ghosh, D., & Mondal, P. (2019) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1002/1873-3468.13538 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Vitamin D supplementation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A critical and systematic review of clinical trials
Sharifi, N., & Amani, R. (2017) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2017.1389693 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Interferon-alpha 2 but not Interferon-gamma serum levels are associated with intramuscular fat in obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Tarantino, G., Costantini, S., Citro, V., Conforti, P., Capone, F., Sorice, A., & Capone, D. (2019) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-018-1754-6 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Recombinant irisin induces weight loss in high fat DIO mice through increase in energy consumption and thermogenesis
Niranjan, S. B., Belwalkar, S. V., Tambe, S. M., Venkataraman, K., & Mookhtiar, K. A. (2019) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.112 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Correlation Between Hepatic Steatosis, Hepatic Volume, and Spleen Volume in Live Liver Donors
Chen, T. Y., Chen, C.-L., Tsang, L. L., Huang, T., Wang, C.-C., Concejero, A. M., Lu, C., & Cheng, Y. (2008) · Transplantation Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.08.045 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Determinants of postnatal spleen tissue regeneration and organogenesis
Tan, J. K. H., & Watanabe, T. (2018) · npj Regenerative Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41536-018-0039-2 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Progression in Rats is Accelerated by Splenic Regulation of Liver PTEN/AKT
Wang, Z., Li, N., Wang, B., & Lin, J. (2015) · Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.4103/1319-3767.161641 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
A glucose-rich diet shortens longevity of mice
Mlekusch, W., Lamprecht, M., Öttl, K., Tillian, M., & Reibnegger, G. J. (1996) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/s0047-6374(96)01801-5 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The relationship between aquaglyceroporin expression and development of fatty liver in diet-induced obesity and ob/ob mice
Hirako, S., Wakayama, Y., Kim, H., Iizuka, Y., Matsumoto, A., Wada, N., Kimura, A., Okabe, M., Sakagami, J., Suzuki, M., et al. (2015) · Obesity Research & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2015.12.001 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Involvement of splenic iron accumulation in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in Tsumura Suzuki Obese Diabetes mice
Murotomi, K., Arai, S., Uchida, S., Endo, S., Mitsuzumi, H., Tabei, Y., Yoshida, Y., & Nakajima, Y. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep22476 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Is There a Link between Basal Metabolic Rate, Spleen Volume and Hepatic Growth Factor Levels in Patients with Obesity-Related NAFLD?
Tarantino, G., Citro, V., Conforti, P., Balsano, C., & Capone, D. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8101510 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Effects of steatosis on hepatic hemodynamics in patients with metabolic syndrome.
Soresi, M., Giannitrapani, L., Noto, D., Terranova, A., Campagna, M. E., Cefalù, A., Giammanco, A., & Montalto, G. (2015) · Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.01.020 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Statin use and virus-related cirrhosis: A systemic review and meta-analysis
Ma, X., Sun, D., Li, C., Ying, J., & Yan, Y. (2017) · Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/j.clinre.2017.07.004 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Spleen dimensions are inversely associated with lysosomal acid lipase activity in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Polimeni, L., Pastori, D., Baratta, F., Tozzi, G., Novo, M., Vicinanza, R., Troisi, G., Pannitteri, G., Ceci, F., Scardella, L., et al. (2017) · Internal and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11739-017-1746-1 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
miR-876-3p regulates glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity by targeting adiponectin
Rajan, S., Panzade, G. P., Srivastava, A., Shankar, K., Pandey, R., Kumar, D., Gupta, S., Gupta, A., Varshney, S., Beg, M., et al. (2018) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-17-0387 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Weight loss induced by bariatric surgery restores adipose tissue PNPLA 3 expression
Wieser, V. E., Adolph, T. E., Enrich, B., Moser, P. L., Moschen, A. R., & Tilg, H. (2016) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.13222 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Hepato-splenic axis: hepatic and splenic metabolic activities are linked.
Keramida, G., Dunford, A., Kaya, G., Anagnostopoulos, C., & Peters, A. M. (2018) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Keratin 8/18 regulation of insulin receptor signaling and trafficking in hepatocytes through a concerted phosphoinositide‐dependent Akt and Rab5 modulation
Roux, A., Loranger, A., Lavoie, J. N., & Marceau, N. (2017) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201700036r · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Effect of Rifaximin Treatment on Endotoxemia and Insulin Sensitivity in Humans
Finlin, B. S., Zhu, B., Boyechko, T., Westgate, P. M., Chia, C. W., Egan, J. M., & Kern, P. A. (2019) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/js.2019-00148 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Role of the spleen in the development of steatohepatitis in high-fat-diet-induced obese rats
Inoue, M., Gotoh, K., Seike, M., Masaki, T., Honda, K., Kakuma, T., & Yoshimatsu, H. (2012) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1258/ebm.2011.011230 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Interleukin-6 and Lipopolysaccharide Modulate Hepcidin mRNA Expression by Hepg2 Cells
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Modeling fructose-load-induced hepatic de-novo lipogenesis by model simplification
Allen, R., & Musante, C. J. (2017) · Gene Regulation and Systems Biology · doi:10.1177/1177625017690133 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

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A review on COVID-19 forecasting models
Rahimi, I., Fang, C., & Gandomi, A. H. (2021) · Neural Computing and Applications · doi:10.1007/s00521-020-05626-8 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Mutual interaction between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Wang, J., He, W., Tsai, P.-J., Chen, P.-H., Ye, M., Guo, J., & Su, Z. (2020) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-020-01210-0 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Effect of Exercise Training on Fat Loss—Energetic Perspectives and the Role of Improved Adipose Tissue Function and Body Fat Distribution
Kolnes, K. J., Petersen, M. H., Lien-Iversen, T., Højlund, K., & Jensen, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.737709 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
New Insights in Mechanisms and Therapeutics for Short- and Long-Term Impacts of Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Post Liver Transplantation
Liu, H., & Man, K. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22158210 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Liver-spleen axis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Tarantino, G., Citro, V., & Balsano, C. (2021) · Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1080/17474124.2021.1914587 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Silymarin: Unveiling its pharmacological spectrum and therapeutic potential in liver diseases—A comprehensive narrative review
Jaffar, H. M., Al‐Asmari, F., Khan, F. A., Rahim, M. A., & Zongo, E. (2024) · Food Science & Nutrition · doi:10.1002/fsn3.4010 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
It Is High Time Physicians Thought of Natural Products for Alleviating NAFLD. Is There Sufficient Evidence to Use Them?
Tarantino, G., Balsano, C., Santini, S. J., Brienza, G., Clemente, I., Cosimini, B., & Sinatti, G. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222413424 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Yin, C., Li, Z., Xiang, Y., Peng, H., Yang, P. C., Yuan, S., Zhang, X., Wu, Y., Huang, M., & Li, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.709683 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Apple Polyphenol Extract Improves High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis by Regulating Bile Acid Synthesis and Gut Microbiota in C57BL/6 Male Mice
Li, D., Cui, Y., Wang, X., Liu, F., & Li, X. (2021) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02532 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Does moderate alcohol consumption accelerate the progression of liver disease in NAFLD? A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Jarvis, H., O'Keefe, H., Craig, D., Stow, D., Hanratty, B., & Anstee, Q. M. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049767 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Sleep Duration, Sleep Quality, and the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cohort Study
Um, Y. J., Chang, Y., Jung, H. S., Cho, I. Y., Shin, J. H., Shin, H. C., Wild, S. H., Byrne, C. D., & Ryu, S. (2021) · Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology · doi:10.14309/ctg.0000000000000417 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Biogenic Phytochemicals Modulating Obesity: From Molecular Mechanism to Preventive and Therapeutic Approaches
Kumar, V., Singh, D. D., Lakhawat, S. S., Yasmeen, N., Pandey, A., & Singla, R. K. (2022) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2022/6852276 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Association Between SARS-CoV-2 Cycle Threshold Values and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Shah, V. P., Farah, W. H., Hill, J. C., Hassett, L. C., Binnicker, M. J., Yao, J. D. C., & Murad, M. H. (2021) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofab453 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Prevalence and characteristics of MAFLD in Chinese adults aged 40 years or older: A community-based study
Zeng, J., Qin, L., Jin, Q., Yang, R., Ning, G., Su, Q., YANG, Z. K., & Fan, J. (2022) · Hepatobiliary & pancreatic diseases international · doi:10.1016/j.hbpd.2022.01.006 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Coffee Consumption and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Umbrella Review and a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Kositamongkol, C., Kanchanasurakit, S., Auttamalang, C., Inchai, N., Kabkaew, T., Kitpark, S., Chaiyakunapruk, N., Duangjai, A., Saokaew, S., & Phisalprapa, P. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.786596 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Natural PPARs agonists for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Pan, J., Zhou, W., Xu, R., Xing, L., Ji, G., & Dang, Y. (2022) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113127 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Acute Myocardial Infarction Biosensor: A Review From Bottom Up
Reyes-Retana, J. A., & Duque-Ossa, L. C. (2020) · Current Problems in Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2020.100739 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Effects of dietary thyme essential oil on blood haematobiochemical, redox status, immunological and reproductive variables of rabbit does exposed to high environmental temperature
Abdelnour, S. A., El-Ratel, I. T., Peris, S. I., El‐Raghi, A. A., & Fouda, S. F. (2022) · Italian Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.1080/1828051x.2021.2006807 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Associations Between GGT/HDL and MAFLD: A Cross-Sectional Study
Xing, Y., Chen, J., Liu, J., & Ma, H. (2022) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s342505 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
The Impact of Dysmetabolic Sarcopenia Among Insulin Sensitive Tissues: A Narrative Review
Armandi, A., Rosso, C., Caviglia, G. P., Ribaldone, D. G., & Bugianesi, E. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.716533 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
A Brief Overview of Oxidative Stress in Adipose Tissue with a Therapeutic Approach to Taking Antioxidant Supplements
Taherkhani, S., Suzuki, K., & Ruhee, R. T. (2021) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox10040594 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Hepatopathy Associated With Type 1 Diabetes: Distinguishing Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease From Glycogenic Hepatopathy
Mertens, J., Block, C. E. M. D., Spinhoven, M. J., Driessen, A. L. C., Francque, S., & Kwanten, W. J. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.768576 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Neurogenic hypothesis of positive psychology in stress-induced depression: Adult hippocampal neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, and stress resilience
Wu, Z., Xiao, L., Wang, H., & Wang, G. (2021) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107653 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Liver-related Mortality is Increased in Lean Subjects with Non- alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Compared to Overweight and Obese Subjects
Feldman, A., Wernly, B., Strebinger, G., Eder, S. K., Zandanell, S., Niederseer, D., Straßer, M., Haufe, H., Sotlar, K., Paulweber, B., et al. (2021) · Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases · doi:10.15403/jgld-3622 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Hypoxia-Inducible Factors as Key Players in the Pathogenesis of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis
Holzner, L. M. W., & Murray, A. J. (2021) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.753268 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
FABP4 in LSECs promotes CXCL10-mediated macrophage recruitment and M1 polarization during NAFLD progression
Zhou, C., Shen, Z., Shen, B., Dai, W., Sun, Z., Guo, Y., Xu, X., Wang, J., Lu, J., Zhang, Q., et al. (2023) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166810 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The Role of Phytosterols in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Frăsinariu, O. E., Șerban, R., Trandafir, L. M., Miron, I. C., Stârcea, I. M., Vasiliu, I., Alisi, A., & Temneanu, O. R. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14112187 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Characterization of Gut Microbiome in Korean Patients with Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease
Oh, J. H., Lee, J., Cho, M. S., Kim, H., Chun, J., Lee, J. H., Yoon, Y., & Kang, W. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13031013 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Multi-Pharmacology of Berberine in Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Diseases: Potential Contribution of Gut Microbiota
Yang, S., Li, D., Yu, Z., Li, Y., & Wu, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.709629 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Probiotic-Induced Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells: A Novel Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease?
Ghavami, S. B., Aghdaei, H. A., Sorrentino, D. R., Shahrokh, S., Farmani, M., Ashrafian, F., Dore, M. P., Raftar, S. K. A., Khoramjoo, S. M., & Zali, M. R. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22158274 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Ginsenoside Rk3 Regulates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis by Modulation of Intestinal Flora and the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in C57BL/6 Mice
Guo, M., Zhu, C., Fu, R., Ma, X., Duan, Z., & Fan, D. (2023) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00789 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
The impacts of vitamin D supplementation in adults with metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Qi, K.-J., Zhao, Z.-T., Zhang, W., & Yang, F. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.1033026 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Molecular Imaging of Brown Adipose Tissue Mass
Yang, J., Zhang, H., Parhat, K., Xu, H. X., Li, M., Wang, X., & Ran, C. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22179436 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
An update on drug development for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease – from ongoing clinical trials to future therapy
Rau, M., & Geier, A. (2021) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1080/17512433.2021.1884068 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Similarities and Differences: A Comparative Review of the Molecular Mechanisms and Effectors of NAFLD and AFLD
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Authors: Tarantino, G., Citro, V., & Capone, D.
Affiliations: Federico II University Hospital (IT)
Department of General Medicine, “Umberto I” Hospital, 84014 Nocera Inferiore (Sa), Italy
Care Department of Public Health and Drug-Use, Section of Medical Pharmacology and Toxicology, “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy
Corresponding author: Tarantino, Giovanni
ORCID: Tarantino, Giovanni
Venue: Journal of Clinical Medicine
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2019-12-19
Volume: 9
Issue: 1
Pages: 15
ISSN: 2077-0383 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010015
PMC: PMC7019297
OpenAlex: W2995566743
Cited by: 134
References: 123
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 2
FWCI: 3.94
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
dx.doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Journal of Clinical Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
Keywords: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, pathogenesis, disease mechanisms, NAFLD therapy, diet and exercise

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a challenge from mechanisms to therapy.

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