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Coproduction of healthcare service
Open accessAbstract
Efforts to ensure effective participation of patients in healthcare are called by many names—patient centredness, patient engagement, patient experience. Improvement initiatives in this domain often resemble the efforts of manufacturers to engage consumers in designing and marketing products. Services, however, are fundamentally different than products; unlike goods, services are always ‘coproduced’. Failure to recognise this unique character of a service and its implications may limit our success in partnering with patients to improve health care. We trace a partial history of the coproduction concept, present a model of healthcare service coproduction and explore its application as a design principle in three healthcare service delivery innovations. We use the principle to examine the roles, relationships and aims of this interdependent work. We explore the principle's implications and challenges for health professional development, for service delivery system design and for understanding and measuring benefit in healthcare services.
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“When developing interventions, involving diverse stakeholders (e.g., patients, healthcare staff and their managers, researchers, and policy makers) has been recommended to enhance accuracy, fit, and sense of ownership within the specific setting [15, 16].”
From Developing a primary care-based cognitive behavioral intervention for anxiety in children through a participatory approach: a qualitative study. (2026) · cites this paper as [15]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Batalden, M., Batalden, P., Margolis, P., Seid, M., Armstrong, G., Opipari-Arrigan, L., & Hartung, H.
- Affiliations
- Cambridge Health Alliance (US)
- Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice (US)
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
- College of Nursing, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- University Hospital Crosshouse (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Batalden, Maren
- Venue
- BMJ Quality & Safety
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2015-09-16
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 509-517
- ISSN
- 1475-3898 (ISSN-L)
- 2044-5415
- 2044-5423
- PMC
- PMC4941163
- OpenAlex
- W2277370197
- Cited by
- 1,078
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 68 · 2025: 84 · 2024: 149 · 2023: 92 · 2022: 130 · 2021: 139 · 2020: 120 · 2019: 91 · 2018: 94 · 2017: 72 · 2016: 38
- FWCI
- 168.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- BMJ Quality & Safety (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Diva portal (Dalarna University Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK085719)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Service and Product Innovation
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mental Health and Patient Involvement
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Patient Satisfaction in Healthcare
- Keywords
- patient engagement, patient-centered care, service design, service delivery innovation
- MeSH terms
- Delivery of Health Care, Humans, Patient Participation, Quality Assurance, Health Care, Models, Organizational, Quality Improvement
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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