Technology and implementation science to forge the future of evidence-based psychotherapies: The PRIDE scale-up study
Open accessAbstract
Objective: To report the interim results from the training of providers inevidence-based psychotherapies (EBPs) and use of mobile applications. Design and Setting: The Partnerships in Research to Implement and Disseminate Sustainable and Scalable Evidence (PRIDE) study is a cluster-randomised hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial comparing three delivery pathways for integrating comprehensive mental healthcare into primary care in Mozambique. Innovations include the use of EBPs and scaling-up of task-shifted mental health services using mobile applications. Main outcome measures: We examined EBP training attendance, certification, knowledge and intentions to deliver each component. We collected qualitative data through rapid ethnography and focus groups. We tracked the use of the mobile applications to investigate early reach of a valid screening tool (Electronic Mental Wellness Tool) and the roll out of the EBPs Participants: Psychiatric technicians and primary care providers trained in the EBPs. Results: PRIDE has trained 110 EBP providers, supervisors and trainers and will train 279 community health workers in upcoming months. The trainings improved knowledge about the EBPs and trainees indicated strong intentions to deliver the EBP core components. Trained providers began using the mobile applications and appear to identify cases and provide appropriate treatment. Conclusions: The future of EBPs requires implementation within existing systems of care with fidelity to their core evidence-based components. To sustainably address the vast mental health treatment gap globally, EBP implementation demands: expanding the mental health workforce by training existing human resources; sequential use of EBPs to comprehensively treat mental disorders and their comorbid presentations and leveraging digital screening and treatment applications.
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Claims the paper makes
0 of 8 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
- Findingown data
Trainees reported strong intentions to deliver the core components of the evidence-based psychotherapies.
“The trainings improved knowledge about the EBPs and trainees indicated strong intentions to deliver the EBP core components.”
- Also stated in: § Training · boosted
“Following Safety Planning Intervention training, all surveyed PsyTs indicated strong intentions to deliver all five-component items (online supplementary material 1).”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS · plain
“The trainings improved providers’ knowledge about the three EBPs and providers indicated strong intentions to deliver their core evidence-based components.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Also stated in: § Training · boosted
- Findingown data
Of those screened, 87% tested positive for any mental disorder.
“Of those screened, 87% screened positive for any mental disorder.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Of new patients, 89% agreed to screening with the E-mwTool.
“Among new patients, 89% consented to be screened with the E-mwTool.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Among patients with suicide risk who did not get Safety Planning Intervention, 80% had a comorbid severe disorder, substance use disorder, or both.
“Of those with suicide risk who did not receive the Safety Planning Intervention, 80% had a comorbid severe disorder, substance use disorder or both.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
The trainings increased trainees' knowledge of the evidence-based psychotherapies.
“The trainings improved knowledge about the EBPs and trainees indicated strong intentions to deliver the EBP core components.”
- Also stated in: § Training · plain
“The interpersonal counselling and SBIRT/MI pre–post knowledge tests showed effective knowledge transfer (table 2).”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS · plain
“The trainings improved providers’ knowledge about the three EBPs and providers indicated strong intentions to deliver their core evidence-based components.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Also stated in: § Training · plain
- Findingown data
After the SBIRT/MI training, every intention item was endorsed by at least 78% of participants.
“Following SBIRT/MI training, each item was endorsed by at least 78%.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
PRIDE has trained 110 providers, supervisors and trainers in evidence-based psychotherapies.
“PRIDE has trained 110 EBP providers, supervisors and trainers and will train 279 community health workers in upcoming months.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS · plain
“To date, PRIDE has trained 110 EBP providers, supervisors and trainers, and 279 CHWs will be trained in the upcoming months.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Also stated in: § DISCUSSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS · plain
- Findingown data
Of an estimated 81 primary care providers in the selected clinics, 70 (86%) finished all three evidence-based psychotherapy trainings.
“Among the estimated 81 PCPs from these selected clinics, 70 (86%) have completed all three EBP trainings.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
All psychiatric technicians assigned to pathways 2 and 3 finished training in every evidence-based psychotherapy as providers, co-trainers and supervisors.
“At this time, all PsyTs randomised to pathways 2 (screen, refer and treat) and 3 (community mental health-stepped care) completed training in all EBPs as providers, cotrainers and supervisors.”
- Also stated in: § Training · plain
“The 15 PsyTs randomised to participate in pathways 2 and 3 completed all four EBP trainings.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Also stated in: § Training · plain
- Findingown data
Nearly all patients with suicide risk had at least one comorbid condition.
“Of patients with suicide risk, nearly all had at least one comorbid condition.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Just over a quarter of patients with suicide risk got the Safety Planning Intervention.
“Twenty-six per cent of patients with suicide risk received the Safety Planning Intervention.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Premisecitation
When given to a non-patient family member, the first three E-mwTool items detect any mental disorder with 73% sensitivity.
“When administered to a family member who is not the patient, the first three items can identify any mental disorder with high sensitivity (73%) for an affected family member.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [8] Lovero KL BC , Khan S , Suleman A , et al . Brief screening tool for Stepped-Care management of mental and substance use disorders. Psych services Under Review.
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
When given to patients, the first three E-mwTool items detect any mental disorder with 94% sensitivity.
“When administered to patients, the first three items identify any mental disorder with excellent sensitivity (94%), followed by nine additional items for further classification into four treatment categories (common, severe and substance use disorders and suicide risk) with high specificity (63%–93%).8”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [8] Lovero KL BC , Khan S , Suleman A , et al . Brief screening tool for Stepped-Care management of mental and substance use disorders. Psych services Under Review.
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Even fewer evidence-based psychotherapy studies in low- and middle-income countries tackle the shortage of human resources by training community providers and testing ways to deliver these therapies with fidelity.
“Few test effectiveness or cost-effectiveness; fewer still address the lack of human resources by training community providers and testing strategies to deliver EBPs with fidelity.3”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [3] Ruzek, 2017, Internet and mobile technologies: addressing the mental health of trauma survivors in less resourced communities, Glob Ment Health source
Not checked in the free run.
- Interpretationnone given
PRIDE is the first study to test delivery and scale-up of task-shifted comprehensive mental health services that identify and treat severe, common and substance use disorders and suicide risk with neuropsychiatric medication and evidence-based psychotherapy.
“PRIDE is the first study to examine the delivery and scale-up of task-shifted4 comprehensive mental health services to identify and treat severe, common and substance use disorders, as well as suicide risk, with neuropsychiatric pharmacological and EBP treatment.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Interpretationreasoning
PRIDE is distinctive because it covers comprehensive mental healthcare rather than only one or two disorders.
“PRIDE is unique in that it addresses comprehensive mental healthcare, rather than care for one or two disorders.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Few evidence-based psychotherapy studies in low- and middle-income countries assess effectiveness or cost-effectiveness.
“Few test effectiveness or cost-effectiveness; fewer still address the lack of human resources by training community providers and testing strategies to deliver EBPs with fidelity.3”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [3] Ruzek, 2017, Internet and mobile technologies: addressing the mental health of trauma survivors in less resourced communities, Glob Ment Health source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Most evidence-based psychotherapy studies in low- and middle-income countries test treatment for one or two disorders at a time, usually depression, through efficacy trials.
“Similar to studies in high-income countries, most EBP studies in LMICs address treatment of one or two disorders at a time (mostly depression) through efficacy testing.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [3] Ruzek, 2017, Internet and mobile technologies: addressing the mental health of trauma survivors in less resourced communities, Glob Ment Health source
Not checked in the free run.
- Interpretationreasoning
These early results suggest providers are well placed and motivated to deliver evidence-based psychotherapies within comprehensive mental health services.
“These early findings indicate providers are well positioned and motivated to provide EBPs as part of comprehensive mental health services.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationreasoning
The digital format of PRIDE's screening, psychotherapy and case-tracking tools helped them scale up quickly during a health crisis.
“The digital nature of PRIDE’s screening, EBP and case-tracking tools has facilitated their rapid scale-up during a health crisis.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
- Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 10
- May combine two claims. 14
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
Findingown dataFourteen psychiatric technicians and 20 primary care providers took part in free listing; 14 psychiatric technicians and 14 primary care providers took part in one of four focus groups.
“Total of 14 PsyTs and 20 PCPs participated in the free-listing exercise; 14 PsyTs and 14 PCPs participated in one of four focus groups.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataParticipants gave very positive feedback about the trainings and about the E-mwTool and EBP applications.
“Participants provided very positive feedback about how ‘dynamic’ the trainings were, how ‘interactive and helpful’ the E-mwTool and the EBP applications were.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Findingown dataDuring 11 months, 15 psychiatric technicians made electronic patient records and recorded sociodemographic data for 669 new patients.
“Over the course of 11 months, the group of 15 PsyTs successfully created electronic patient records and captured sociodemographic information for 669 new patients.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataAfter interpersonal counselling training, just one intention item received support from under 85% of participants: the plan to decide with the patient which of the four problem areas treatment would focus on; the lowest endorsement was 73%.
“Following interpersonal counselling training, the only item endorsed by less than 85% of participants was ‘I plan to decide with the patient which of the four problem areas the treatment will focus on’.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS · plain
“The lowest endorsed intention item (73%) was on interpersonal counselling ‘I plan to decide with the patient which of the four problem areas the treatment will focus on’.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- Also stated in: § DISCUSSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS · plain
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
Findingown dataParticipants said PRIDE helped both the community and their own families, since they now had the right knowledge to help.
“They also expressed that PRIDE was ‘useful not only to help the community but also to (help) our families, because now we have the right knowledge to help””
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataAmong the 520 positive patients, suicide risk prevalence was 11%, severe disorders 62%, common mental disorders 91%, and substance use disorders 16%.
“Among these 520 positive patients, the prevalence of suicide risk was 11%, severe disorders 62%, common mental disorders 91% and substance use disorders 16%.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataParticipants valued being consulted and heard as local experts, which lessened their fear when treating severe disorders or suicidal patients.
“Finally, they appreciated being consulted and heard as local experts, as it ‘reduced the fear when treating people with severe disorders or suicidal’.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataTrained providers started using the mobile applications and seemed to identify cases and deliver appropriate treatment.
“Trained providers began using the mobile applications and appear to identify cases and provide appropriate treatment.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS · plain
“PsyTs are using the tablet application and are able to identify cases and provide appropriate treatment.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Also stated in: § DISCUSSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS · plain
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Findingown dataParticipants voiced concern about whether PRIDE would continue after research funding ended.
“Finally, they expressed concern regarding the sustainability of PRIDE—’is PRIDE here to stay?’ after research funds end.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataThe qualitative data showed that the trainings, brief screening and digital psychotherapy tools were received positively and that providers felt they had a positive impact on care for patients, their families and the community.
“The qualitative findings revealed that the trainings, quick screening and digital EBP tools were positively received and that providers felt a positive impact in providing care for their patients as well as their own families and the community.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationThe first efficacy trial of an evidence-based psychotherapy in a low- or middle-income country was published in 2003 and showed group interpersonal psychotherapy worked for depression in Uganda.
“The first evidence-based psychotherapy (EBP) efficacy study in a low and middle-income country (LMIC) was published in 2003 and demonstrated the efficacy of group interpersonal psychotherapy for depression in Uganda.1”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [1] source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationThe next nine E-mwTool items classify patients into four treatment categories with specificity ranging from 63% to 93%.
“When administered to patients, the first three items identify any mental disorder with excellent sensitivity (94%), followed by nine additional items for further classification into four treatment categories (common, severe and substance use disorders and suicide risk) with high specificity (63%–93%).8”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [8] Lovero KL BC , Khan S , Suleman A , et al . Brief screening tool for Stepped-Care management of mental and substance use disorders. Psych services Under Review.
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningDigital assessments and evidence-based psychotherapies help achieve comprehensive treatment, integrate mental healthcare into electronic medical records, and enable quick, efficient scale-up during crises and beyond.
“Digitised assessments and EBPs facilitate achieving these goals, integration of mental healthcare within electronic medical records systems and quick, efficient scalability of services during crises (eg, COVID-19 pandemic) and beyond.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Study design and conductreasoningRandomisation was done at the district level, so all providers in a district took part in only one of the three delivery pathways.
“Cluster randomisation occurred at the district level, such that all providers in one district participate in only one of three delivery pathways.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).
InterpretationreasoningThe low endorsement of the IPC decision item might reflect a general difficulty providers have in moving away from the traditional patient-provider power structure, in which providers decide for patients.
“This may reflect the universal difficulty providers face in diverging from the traditional patient–provider power structure, where providers are charged with making decisions for patients about their care.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductown dataAfter training, psychiatric technicians and primary care providers completed a certification process to show competence in all three evidence-based psychotherapies.
“On completion, the supervisors (PsyTs) and providers (PCPs) underwent a certification process to demonstrate competency in all three EBPs.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).
InterpretationreasoningThe low endorsement might instead indicate greater clinical insight, showing that providers recognise this challenge.
“Conversely, this may suggest a deeper level of clinical acumen, showing provider recognition of this challenge.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductnone givenExperts in evidence-based psychotherapies identified the core components as essential to fidelity.
“These components were identified as fundamental to fidelity by EBP experts.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductown dataA clinical psychologist with no affiliation to PRIDE led the trainee focus groups.
“A clinical psychologist unaffiliated with PRIDE conducted trainee focus groups to explore how PRIDE might address their communities’ mental health needs and improve implementation.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationEvidence-based psychotherapy studies in low- and middle-income countries rarely address sustainability by examining the research-to-practice gap or using human resources that do not depend on research funding.
“Further, these studies seldom address sustainability by evaluating the mental health research-to-practice gap or leveraging human resources not dependent on research funding.4”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [4] source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
Interpretationown dataPRIDE provides easy screening with a brief and valid instrument.
“Through interactive digital methods and task-shifting, PRIDE offers easy screening using a brief and valid instrument.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
The paper relies on this without support.
There is a large global gap in mental health treatment.
“To do so sustainably and address the vast mental health treatment gap globally, EBP implementation demands expanding the mental health workforce by training existing human resources with diverse training backgrounds.”
The paper relies on this without support.
No peer-reviewed studies of evidence-based psychotherapies specifically for suicide risk have been published in sub-Saharan Africa.
“No published peer-reviewed studies on EBPs specifically for suicide risk have been conducted in sub-Saharan Africa.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The theory of planned behaviour holds that a person's intention to act is one of the strongest predictors of behaviour change.
“According to the theory of planned behaviour, intention to perform a given behaviour is one of the strongest predictors of behavioural change.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Even with infrastructure problems in low- and middle-income countries, digital tools may improve cost-effectiveness by building the mental health capacity of existing non-specialists and supporting task-shifted delivery of evidence-based psychotherapies.
“Despite infrastructure challenges in LMICs, digital technology can improve overall cost-effectiveness by strengthening the mental health capacity of existing non-specialists and supporting task-shifted delivery of EBP interventions.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Evaluations of trainings for primary care practitioners and psychiatric technicians show effective knowledge transfer for the SBIRT/MI intervention and strong intentions to deliver its core components with fidelity.
“Evaluation of these trainings for PCPs and PTs show effective knowledge transfer for the SBIRT/MI intervention and strong intentions to deliver its core components with fidelity (Wainberg et al., 2021).”
From Mobile technology and task shifting to improve access to alcohol treatment services in Mozambique (2022) · cites this paper as Wainberg et al., 2021
A recent study found that among approximately 500 patients screened for mental health and substance use, 16% had likely substance use disorder.
“A recent study showed that of approximately 500 patients screened for mental health and substance use, 16% were identified with likely substance use disorder (Wainberg et al., 2021).”
From Mobile technology and task shifting to improve access to alcohol treatment services in Mozambique (2022) · cites this paper as Wainberg et al., 2021
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Wainberg, M. L., Gouveia, M. L., Stockton, M. A., Feliciano, P., Suleman, A., Mootz, J. J., Mello, M., Fiks Salem, A., Greene, M. C., Bezuidenhout, C., Ngwepe, P., Lovero, K. L., Fortunato dos Santos, P., Schriger, S. H., Mandell, D. S., Mulumba, R., Neves Anube, A., Mabunda, D., Mandlate, F., Cournos, F., Alves-Bradford, J.-M., Nicholson, T., Kann, B., Fumo, W., Duarte, C. S., de Jesus Mari, J., Mello, M. F., Mocumbi, A. O., Oquendo, M. A., & Weissman, M. M.
- Affiliations
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Ministry of Health (MZ)
- Columbia University (US)
- Mental Health Department, Ministry of Health of Mozambique, Nampula, Mozambique
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
- Foundation for Professional Development (ZA)
- Mental Health Department, Ministry of Health of Mozambique, Maputo, Mozambique
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Hospital Psiquiátrico de Nampula, Nampula, Mozambique
- Docente da Faculdade de Ciências de Saúde—UniLúrio, Hospital Psiquiátrico de Nampula, Nampula, Mozambique
- Mavalane General Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Eduardo Mondlane University (MZ)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Corresponding author
- Kann, Bianca
- ORCID
- Wainberg, Milton L
- Stockton, Melissa Ann
- Mootz, Jennifer J.
- Greene, M. Claire
- Bezuidenhout, Charl
- Lovero, Kathryn L
- Schriger, Simone H.
- Mandell, David S.
- Mabunda, Dirceu
- Mandlate, Flavio
- Cournos, Francine
- Nicholson, Terriann
- Kann, Bianca
- Fumo, Wilza
- Duarte, Cristiane S
- Mello, Marcelo F.
- Mocumbi, Ana O
- Weissman, Myrna M
- Venue
- Evidence Based Mental Health
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2020-11-11
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 19-24
- ISSN
- 1362-0347 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-960X
- PMC
- PMC8025148
- OpenAlex
- W3104182366
- Semantic Scholar
- 4c2399a79175f55fb29c67a8e5ec991e59d1297e
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 4.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Evidence-Based Mental Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Columbia Academic Commons (Columbia University)
- Funders
- Fogarty International Center (D43 TW009675)
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32 MH096724, U19 MH113203)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- evidence-based psychotherapy, implementation science, task shifting, mental health apps, mental health workforce training, psychiatric technicians, community health workers, primary care integration, mental health treatment gap, digital screening, Mozambique
- MeSH terms
- Implementation Science, Mental Disorders, Humans, Mental Health Services, Psychotherapy, Technology
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