Update on lactose malabsorption and intolerance: pathogenesis, diagnosis and clinical management
Open accessAbstract
Lactose is the main source of calories in milk, an essential nutriedigestion, patients with visceral hypersensitivity nt in infancy and a key part of the diet in populations that maintain the ability to digest this disaccharide in adulthood. Lactase deficiency (LD) is the failure to express the enzyme that hydrolyses lactose into galactose and glucose in the small intestine. The genetic mechanism of lactase persistence in adult Caucasians is mediated by a single C→T nucleotide polymorphism at the LCTbo -13'910 locus on chromosome-2. Lactose malabsorption (LM) refers to any cause of failure to digest and/or absorb lactose in the small intestine. This includes primary genetic and also secondary LD due to infection or other conditions that affect the mucosal integrity of the small bowel. Lactose intolerance (LI) is defined as the onset of abdominal symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating and diarrhoea after lactose ingestion by an individual with LM. The likelihood of LI depends on the lactose dose, lactase expression and the intestinal microbiome. Independent of lactose digestion, patients with visceral hypersensitivity associated with anxiety or the Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) are at increased risk of the condition. Diagnostic investigations available to diagnose LM and LI include genetic, endoscopic and physiological tests. The association between self-reported LI, objective findings and clinical outcome of dietary intervention is variable. Treatment of LI can include low-lactose diet, lactase supplementation and, potentially, colonic adaptation by prebiotics. The clinical outcome of these treatments is modest, because lactose is just one of a number of poorly absorbed carbohydrates which can cause symptoms by similar mechanisms.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Lactose intolerance results from reduced lactase activity and causes diarrhea, abdominal distension, and flatulence; symptoms relate to the amount consumed and usually occur above 12 g lactose.
“Lactose intolerance is due to decreased lactase activity, resulting in symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal distension, and flatulence.The intensity of symptoms is related to the amount of lactose consumed, 57 and gastrointestinal symptoms typically occur when consuming amounts exceeding 12 g of lactose.58”
From Refractory hypothyroidism: unraveling the complexities of diagnosis and management (2023) · cites this paper as [58]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
2 retracted
Storhaug, C. L., Fosse, S., & Fadnes, L. (2017) · The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/s2468-1253(17)30154-1 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
RetractedWhat is normal and abnormal in lactose digestion?
Misselwitz, B., & Fox, M. R. (2017) · The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · doi:10.1016/s2468-1253(17)30180-2 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationRetractedThe role of short-chain fatty acids in microbiota–gut–brain communication
Dalile, B., Van Oudenhove, L., Vervliet, B., & Verbeke, K. (2019) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-019-0157-3 · Cited by 3,357 · see citing works
Self-citationThe role of short chain fatty acids in health and disease
Tan, J., McKenzie, C., Potamitis, M., Thorburn, A. N., Mackay, C. R., & Macia, L. (2014) · Advances in immunology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800100-4.00003-9 · Cited by 2,425 · see citing works
Short-chain fatty acids in control of body weight and insulin sensitivity
Canfora, E. E., Jocken, J. W., & Blaak, E. E. (2015) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2015.128 · Cited by 2,298 · see citing works
Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians
Mathieson, I., Lazaridis, I., Rohland, N., Mallick, S., Patterson, N., Roodenberg, S. A., Harney, E., Stewardson, K., Fernandes, D., Novak, M., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature16152 · Cited by 1,515 · see citing works
Genetic determinants of the gut microbiome in UK twins
Goodrich, J. K., Davenport, E. R., Beaumont, M., Jackson, M. A., Knight, R., Ober, C., Spector, T. D., Bell, J. T., Clark, A. G., & Ley, R. E. (2016) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2016.04.017 · Cited by 1,048 · see citing works
Identification of a variant associated with adult-type hypolactasia
Enattah, N. S., Sahi, T., Savilahti, E., Terwilliger, J. D., Peltonen, L., & Järvelä, I. E. (2002) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng826 · Cited by 1,029 · see citing works
Postinfectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Spiller, R., & Garsed, K. (2009) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.02.074 · Cited by 1,024 · see citing works
Rezaie, A. R., Buresi, M. C., Lembo, A. J., Lin, H. C., McCallum, R. W., Rao, S. S. C., Schmulson, M. J., Valdovinos, M. A., Zakko, S. F., & Pimentel, M. (2017) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2017.46 · Cited by 850 · see citing works
The effect of host genetics on the gut microbiome
Bonder, M. J., Kurilshikov, A., Tigchelaar, E. F., Mujagic, Z., Imhann, F., Vila, A. V., Deelen, P., Vatanen, T., Schirmer, M., Smeekens, S. P., et al. (2016) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3663 · Cited by 819 · see citing works
Böhn, L., Störsrud, S., Törnblom, H., Bengtsson, U., & Simrén, M. (2013) · American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2013.105 · Cited by 655 · see citing works
Shepherd, S. J., Parker, F. C., Muir, J. G., & Gibson, P. R. (2008) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2008.02.058 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Vito, C. D., Angeloni, C., Feo, E. D., Marzuillo, C., Lattanzi, A., Ricciardi, W., Villari, P., & Boccia, S. (2014) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2014/304602 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
On the Evolution of Lactase Persistence in Humans
Ségurel, L., & Bon, C. (2017) · Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genom-091416-035340 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Murray, K. A., Wilkinson‐Smith, V., Hoad, C. L., Costigan, C. M., Cox, E. F., Lam, C., Marciani, L., Gowland, P. A., & Spiller, R. E. (2013) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2013.386 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Lactose Intolerance in Adults: Biological Mechanism and Dietary Management
Deng, Y., Misselwitz, B., Dai, N., & Fox, M. R. (2015) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu7095380 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Self-citationHay, P., Mitchison, D., Collado, A. E. L., González-Chica, D. A., Stocks, N., & Touyz, S. (2017) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-017-0149-z · Cited by 325 · see citing works
The effects of probiotics in lactose intolerance: A systematic review
Oak, S. J., & Jha, R. (2019) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2018.1425977 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Role of colonic short-chain fatty acid transport in diarrhea
Binder, H. J. (2010) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135817 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
The Relationship Between the Human Genome and Microbiome Comes into View
Goodrich, J. K., Davenport, E. R., Clark, A. G., & Ley, R. E. (2017) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-110711-155532 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Rozenberg, S., Body, J., Bruyère, O., Bergmann, P., Brandi, M. L., Cooper, C. C., Devogelaer, J., Gielen, E., Goemaere, S., Kaufman, J., et al. (2015) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/s00223-015-0062-x · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Colonic adaptation to daily lactose feeding in lactose maldigesters reduces lactose intolerance
Hertzler, S., & Savaiano, D. (1996) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/64.2.232 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Systematic Review: Effective Management Strategies for Lactose Intolerance
Shaukat, A., Levitt, M. D., Taylor, B. C., MacDonald, R. H., Shamliyan, T., Kane, R. L., & Wilt, T. J. (2010) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-152-12-201006150-00241 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Azcárate-Peril, M. A., Ritter, A. J., Savaiano, D. A., Monteagudo-Mera, A., Anderson, C., Magness, S. T., & Klaenhammer, T. R. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1606722113 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Silanikove, N., Leitner, G., & Merin, U. (2015) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu7095340 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Sources of β-galactosidase and its applications in food industry
Saqib, S., Akram, A., Halim, S. A., et al. (2017) · 3 Biotech · doi:10.1007/s13205-017-0645-5 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
The importance of methane breath testing: a review
Costello, B. D. L., Ledochowski, M., & Ratcliffe, N. M. (2013) · Journal of Breath Research · doi:10.1088/1752-7155/7/2/024001 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Lactose malabsorption and intolerance: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment
Misselwitz, B., Pohl, D., Frühauf, H., Fried, M., Vavricka, S. R., & Fox, M. R. (2013) · United European Gastroenterology Journal · doi:10.1177/2050640613484463 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Self-citationGenetic Origins of Lactase Persistence and the Spread of Pastoralism in Africa
Ranciaro, A., Campbell, M. C., Hirbo, J. B., Ko, W., Froment, A., Anagnostou, P., Kotze, M. J., Ibrahim, M. E., Nyambo, T., Omar, S. A., et al. (2014) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.02.009 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Lactase non-persistence and lactose intolerance
Bayless, T. M., Brown, E., & Paige, D. M. (2017) · Current Gastroenterology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11894-017-0558-9 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Dairy products and physical stature: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials
de Beer, H. (2011) · Economics & Human Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2011.08.003 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Butyrate and Colorectal Cancer: The Role of Butyrate Transport
Gonçalves, P., & Martel, F. (2013) · Current Drug Metabolism · doi:10.2174/1389200211314090006 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Lewinsky, R., Jensen, T. G. K., Møller, J., Stensballe, A., Olsen, J., & Troelsen, J. T. (2005) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddi418 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Regulation of Intestinal Glucose Absorption by Ion Channels and Transporters
Chen, L., Tuo, B., & Dong, H. F. (2016) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu8010043 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Evidence of Still-Ongoing Convergence Evolution of the Lactase Persistence T-13910 Alleles in Humans
Enattah, N. S., Trudeau, A., Pimenoff, V. N., Maiuri, L., Auricchio, S., Greco, L., Rossi, M., Lentze, M. J., Seo, J., Rahgozar, S., et al. (2007) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/520705 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Yang, J., Deng, Y., Chu, H., Cong, Y., Zhao, J., Pohl, D., Misselwitz, B., Fried, M., Dai, N., & Fox, M. R. (2012) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2012.11.034 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Self-citationNIH consensus development conference statement: Lactose intolerance and health.
Suchy, F. J., Brannon, P. M., Carpenter, T. O., Fernández, J. R., Gilsanz, V., Gould, J. B., Hall, K., Hui, S. L., Lupton, J. R., Mennella, J. A., et al. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Review article: the aetiology, diagnosis, mechanisms and clinical evidence for food intolerance
Lomer, M. C. E. (2014) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.13041 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Digestive Enzyme Supplementation in Gastrointestinal Diseases
Ianiro, G., Pecere, S., Giorgio, V., et al. (2016) · Current Drug Metabolism · doi:10.2174/138920021702160114150137 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
The role of colonic metabolism in lactose intolerance
He, T., Venema, K., Priebe, M. G., Welling, G. W., Brummer, R. J., & Vonk, R. J. (2008) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2008.01966.x · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Wilder‐Smith, C. H., Olesen, S. S., Materna, A., & Drewes, A. M. (2017) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.13978 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Zhu, Y., Zheng, X., Cong, Y., Chu, H., Fried, M., Dai, N., & Fox, M. R. (2013) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2013.198 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Self-citationIrritable bowel syndrome: is the search for lactose intolerance justified?
Parker, T. J., Woolner, J. T., Prevost, A. T., Tuffnell, Q., Shorthouse, M., & Hunter, J. O. (2001) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/00042737-200103000-00001 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Nutrient intake in patients with irritable bowel syndrome compared with the general population
Böhn, L., Störsrud, S., & Simrén, M. (2012) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.12001 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Savaiano, D. A., Ritter, A. J., Klaenhammer, T. R., James, G. M., Longcore, A. T., Chandler, J. R., Walker, W. A., & Foyt, H. L. (2013) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2891-12-160 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Yang, J., Fox, M. R., Cong, Y., Chu, H., Zheng, X., Long, Y., Fried, M., & Dai, N. (2013) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.12582 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationLactase nonpersistence is directed by DNA-variation-dependent epigenetic aging
Labrie, V., Buske, O. J., Oh, E. S., Jeremian, R., Ptak, C., Gasiūnas, G., Maleckas, A., Petereit, R., Žvirblienė, A., Adamonis, K., et al. (2016) · Nature Structural & Molecular Biology · doi:10.1038/nsmb.3227 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Troise, A. D., Bandini, E., Donno, R. D., Meijer, G., Trezzi, M., & Fogliano, V. (2016) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2016.08.021 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Szilagyi, A., Galiatsatos, P., & Xue, X. (2015) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-016-0183-8 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Nonfermented milk and other dairy products: associations with all-cause mortality,
Tognon, G., Nilsson, L. M., Shungin, D., Lissner, L., Jansson, J., Renström, F., Wennberg, M., Winkvist, A., & Johansson, I. (2017) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.140798 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Clinical measurement of gastrointestinal motility and function: who, when and which test?
on behalf of the International Working Group for Disorders of Gastrointestinal Motility and Function, Fox, M. R., Kahrilas, P. J., Roman, S., Gyawali, C. P., Scott, S. M., Rao, S. S. C., Keller, J., & Camilleri, M. (2018) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-018-0030-9 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationZheng, X., Chu, H., Cong, Y., Deng, Y., Long, Y., Zhu, Y., Pohl, D., Fried, M., Dai, N., & Fox, M. R. (2015) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.12602 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationSlupsky, C. M., He, X., Hernell, O., Andersson, Y., Rudolph, C. D., Lönnerdal, B. L., & West, C. E. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-03975-4 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Zhao, J., Fox, M. R., Cong, Y., CHU, H., SHANG, Y., Fried, M., & Dai, N. (2010) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04252.x · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationEnattah, N. S., Pekkarinen, T., Välimäki, M. J., et al. (2005) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602219 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Further characterization of intestinal lactase/phlorizin hydrolase
Skovbjerg, H., Norén, O., Sjöström, H., et al. (1982) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology · doi:10.1016/0167-4838(82)90400-9 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Kato, K., Ishida, S., Tanaka, M., Mitsuyama, E., Xiao, J., & Odamaki, T. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0206189 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Dietary management of childhood diarrhea in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review
Gaffey, M. F., Wazny, K., Bassani, D. G., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-s3-s17 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Adverse reactions to food: the female dominance – A secondary publication and update
Afify, S. M., & Pali‐Schöll, I. (2017) · World Allergy Organization Journal · doi:10.1186/s40413-017-0174-z · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Undernourished Children and Milk Lactose
Grenov, B., Briend, A., Sangild, P. T., Thymann, T., Rytter, M. J. H., Hother, A.-L., Mølgaard, C., & Michaelsen, K. F. (2016) · Food and Nutrition Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0379572116629024 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Sverrisdóttir, O. Ó., Timpson, A., Toombs, J., Lecœur, C., Froguel, P., Carretero, J. M., Arsuaga, J. L., Götherström, A., & Thomas, M. (2014) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msu049 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Perception of lactose intolerance impairs health-related quality of life
Casellas, F., Aparici, A., Pérez, M. J., & Rodríguez, P. (2016) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2016.80 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Davidson, G. P., Goodwin, D., & Robb, T. A. (1984) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(84)80425-4 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Mäkivuokko, H., Saarinen, M., Ouwehand, A. C., et al. (2006) · Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1271/bbb.60022 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Differential Impact of Lactose/Lactase Phenotype on Colonic Microflora
Szilagyi, A., Shrier, I., Heilpern, D., Je, J. S., Park, S., Chong, G., Lalonde, C., Cote, L.-F., & Lee, B. (2010) · Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1155/2010/649312 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
BEYERLEIN, L., Pohl, D., Delcò, F., et al. (2008) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03623.x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The Diverse Forms of Lactose Intolerance and the Putative Linkage to Several Cancers
Amiri, M., Diekmann, L., von Köckritz‐Blickwede, M., & Naim, H. Y. (2015) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu7095332 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Wilder‐Smith, C. H., Olesen, S. S., Materna, A., & Drewes, A. M. (2018) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.07.013 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
From 'lactose intolerance' to 'lactose nutrition'.
Lukito, W., Malik, S. G., SURONO, I. S., & Wahlqvist, M. L. (2015) · PubMed · doi:10.6133/apjcn.2015.24.s1.01 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Yang, Q., Lin, S. L., Yeung, S. L. A., Kwok, M. K., Xu, L., Leung, G. M., & Schooling, C. M. (2017) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2017.8 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Ibba, I., Gilli, A., Boi, M. F., et al. (2014) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2014/680196 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Lactase persistence versus lactose intolerance: Is there an intermediate phenotype?
Dzialanski, Z., Barany, M., Engfeldt, P., et al. (2015) · Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.11.001 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Evolution of Pinnipedia lactation strategies: a potential role for α-lactalbumin?
Reich, C. M., & Arnould, J. P. Y. (2007) · Biology Letters · doi:10.1098/rsbl.2007.0265 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Carbohydrate malabsorption in acutely malnourished children and infants: a systematic review
Kvissberg, M. E. A., Dalvi, P. S., Kerac, M., et al. (2015) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuv058 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Alharbi, O., & El‐Sohemy, A. (2017) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.116.246108 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Houben, E., Preter, V. D., Billen, J., Ranst, M. A. V., & Verbeke, K. (2015) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu7095348 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationErythrophagocytosis inEntamoeba histolyticaandEntamoeba dispar: A Comparative Study
Talamás‐Lara, D., Chávez‐Munguía, B., González‐Robles, A., et al. (2014) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2014/626259 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Wotzka, S. Y., Kreuzer, M., Maier, L., Zünd, M., Schlumberger, M. C., Nguyen, B. D., Fox, M. R., Pohl, D., Heinrich, H. S., Rogler, G., et al. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0206214 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationNoninvasive Diagnosis of Hypolactasia With 4-Galactosylxylose (Gaxilose)
Aragón, J. J., Hermida, C., Martínez-Costa, Ó. H., et al. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mcg.0b013e318297fb10 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Anaphylaxis to supplemental oral lactase enzyme
Voisin, M., & Borici‐Mazi, R. (2016) · Allergy Asthma and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1186/s13223-016-0171-8 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Gene–Dairy Food Interactions and Health Outcomes: A Review of Nutrigenetic Studies
Comerford, K. B., & Pasin, G. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9070710 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Windey, K., Houben, E., Deroover, L., & Verbeke, K. (2015) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu7095349 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationDisaccharidase activity in children with inflammatory bowel disease
Więcek, S., Woś, H., Radziewicz‐Winnicki, I., Komraus, M., & Grzybowska‐Chlebowczyk, U. (2014) · The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.5152/tjg.2014.3994 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Yang, J. (2015) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i24.7563 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Lactose malabsorption in systemic sclerosis
Marie, I., Leroi, A., Gourcerol, G., et al. (2016) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.13810 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Jiménez, J. L. D., Fernández‐Suárez, A., Colmenero, A. Ú. M., et al. (2016) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2016.01.006 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The incidence of infants with rotavirus enteritis combined with lactose intolerance
Hu, Y. (2016) · Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.36721/pjps/29/1(sup)/01.01.2016/351/321-323 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Escape from epigenetic silencing of lactase expression is triggered by a single-nucleotide change
Swallow, D. M., & Troelsen, J. T. (2016) · Nature Structural & Molecular Biology · doi:10.1038/nsmb.3238 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Regression of lactose malabsorption in coeliac patients after receiving a gluten-free diet
Ojetti, V., Gabrielli, M., Migneco, A., et al. (2008) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1080/00365520701676138 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Correlation Between Capillary and Venous Blood Glucose in the Lactose Tolerance Test
Jiménez, J. L. D., & Fernández‐Suárez, A. (2015) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-015-3851-1 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Morphological method for the diagnosis of human adult type hypolactasia.
Maiuri, L., Rossi, M., Raia, V., et al. (1994) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.35.8.1042 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Bonani, M., Pereira, R. M., Misselwitz, B., et al. (2016) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/tp.0000000000001376 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationLactose malabsorption and diarrhea
Suarez, F. L., & Levitt, M. D. (1997) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(96)00294-8 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Wu, Y., Li, Y., Cui, Y., et al. (2017) · Journal of Genetics · doi:10.1007/s12041-017-0866-8 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [73]Hammer HF, Hammer J, Fox M Mistakes in the management of carbohydrate intolerance and how to avoid them. UEG Education 2019; 19: 9– 14.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hammer, H. F., Fox, M. R., Keller, J., Salvatore, S., Basilisco, G., Hammer, J., Lopetuso, L., Benninga, M., Borrelli, O., Dumitrascu, D., et al. (2022) · United European Gastroenterology Journal · doi:10.1002/ueg2.12133 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Self-citationNutritional management of lactose intolerance: the importance of diet and food labelling
Facioni, M. S., Raspini, B., Pivari, F., Dogliotti, E., & Cena, H. (2020) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-020-02429-2 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Leis, R., de Castro, M.-J., de Lamas, C., Picáns, R., & Couce, M. L. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12051487 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Impact of diet on symptoms of the irritable bowel syndrome
Spiller, R. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13020575 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
The association between ADHD and physical health: a co-twin control study
Pan, P.-Y., & Bölte, S. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-78627-1 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Castellana, M., Castellana, C., Giovanella, L., & Trimboli, P. (2020) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-019-02185-4 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Refractory hypothyroidism: unraveling the complexities of diagnosis and management
Quiroz-Aldave, J. E., Concepción-Zavaleta, M. J., Durand-Vásquez, M. D. C., Concepción-Urteaga, L. A., Gamarra-Osorio, E. R., Suárez-Rojas, J., Rafael-Robles, L. D. P., Paz-Ibarra, J., & Román-González, A. (2023) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2023.09.003 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Kongpharm, K., Nakklay, P., Kongtong, C., Tanapumchai, P., Prapkree, L., Rueangsri, N., & Singhato, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1421275 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“It is caused by an abnormality in the gastrointestinal system that results in a deficiency of lactase, the enzyme secreted from brush border functioning in the breakdown of lactose in milk (39).”
Background
- Authors
- Misselwitz, B., Butter, M., Verbeke, K., & Fox, M. R.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital of Bern (CH)
- University Hospital Zurich (CH)
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Fox, Mark R
- Venue
- Gut
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2019-08-19
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2080-2091
- ISSN
- 0017-5749 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-3288
- PMC
- PMC6839734
- OpenAlex
- W2969489093
- Cited by
- 390
- References
- 95
- Citations by year
- 2026: 50 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 5.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Gut (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Digestive system and related health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
- Keywords
- lactose malabsorption, lactose intolerance, lactase deficiency, lactase persistence, secondary lactase deficiency, visceral hypersensitivity, irritable bowel syndrome, gut microbiota, lactose digestion, dietary intervention, prebiotics, abdominal symptoms
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Lactose Intolerance, Malabsorption Syndromes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
