The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 29 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Nasal polyposis often coexists with asthma in airway inflammatory conditions characterised by the infiltration of a range of immune cells. A potentially important role for ovarian hormones has been implicated in airway inflammation but the cellular target for such action is not known. METHODS: Expression of oestrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) was examined using immunohistochemistry in formalin fixed nasal polyp tissues from 47 subjects. The cells positive for ER or PR were confirmed by spatial location, dual immunolabelling, and histochemical staining. RESULTS: Consistent with the known features of nasal polyps, CD4+ (T helper/inducer), CD8+ (cytotoxic/suppressor), CD68+ (macrophages), mast cells, eosinophils and neutrophils were all clearly detected by their relevant monoclonal antibodies or appropriate histochemical staining, but only mast cells tested positive for ER/PR labelling with their polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. The frequencies for expression were 61.7% for ER positive and 59.6% for PR positive cells. The expression of ER/PR was independent of patient sex and age but was highly correlated with the numbers of mast cells (r = 0.973, p<0.001 for ER; r = 0.955, p<0.001 for PR). Fewer than 5% of mast cells were found to be negative for ER/PR expression. CONCLUSIONS: Mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages, or other immune cells, express ER/PR in human upper airways. Numerous ER/PR positive mast cells exist in nasal polyps, indicating that this may be a major route for the involvement of sex hormones in airway inflammation when exposed to the higher and varying concentration of oestrogen and progesterone characteristic of females.
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In the paper
“Co-localisation for mast cell tryptase and ER or PR is further consolidated by use of dual immunofluorescence imaging (figs 7 and 8).”
- Also stated in: § DUAL LABELLING · plain
“Tissue samples stained sequentially for mast cell tryptase followed by ER (fig 7) or for PR followed by mast cell tryptase (fig 8) (each reported by a diVerent fluorochrome) and imaged using interference filters show the two signals to coexist within the same cell.”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > DUAL LABELLING
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § DUAL LABELLING · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The frequencies for expression were 61.7% for ER positive and 59.6% for PR positive cells.”
- Also stated in: § NUMEROUS ER/PR POSITIVE MAST CELLS EXIST IN NASAL POLYPS INDEPENDENT OF SEX AND AGE · hedged
“Approximately 62% of all samples examined (29 of 47 patients) were positive for ER and above the threshold for cell counts.”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“The frequency of positive expression of ER and/or PR in nasal polyp tissues was 61.7% and/or 59.6%.”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § NUMEROUS ER/PR POSITIVE MAST CELLS EXIST IN NASAL POLYPS INDEPENDENT OF SEX AND AGE · hedged
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The expression of ER/PR was independent of patient sex and age but was highly correlated with the numbers of mast cells (r = 0.973, p<0.001 for ER; r = 0.955, p<0.001 for PR).”
- Also stated in: § NUMEROUS ER/PR POSITIVE MAST CELLS EXIST IN NASAL POLYPS INDEPENDENT OF SEX AND AGE · plain
“Again, the expression of ER or PR did not vary with patient age.”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“It is noteworthy that the expression of ER and/or PR by mast cells was independent of patient sex and age and that fewer than 5% of the mast cells sampled in this study were negative for ER and/or PR.”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 47Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § NUMEROUS ER/PR POSITIVE MAST CELLS EXIST IN NASAL POLYPS INDEPENDENT OF SEX AND AGE · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The expression of ER/PR was independent of patient sex and age but was highly correlated with the numbers of mast cells (r = 0.973, p<0.001 for ER; r = 0.955, p<0.001 for PR).”
- Also stated in: § MORE THAN 95% OF MAST CELLS EXPRESS ER/PR IN NASAL POLYPS · plain
“When analysed using a two tailed Pearson bivariate correlation test, the correlation between ER or PR positive cells and mast cells was 0.973 (p<0.001) and 0.955 (p<0.001),respectively.”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“Further correlation studies between the number of ER or PR positive cells and that of mast cells (coeYcient = 0.973, p<0.001 for ER; 0.955, p<0.001 for PR) showed that more than 95% of mast cells sampled in this study express ER and/or PR.”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § MORE THAN 95% OF MAST CELLS EXPRESS ER/PR IN NASAL POLYPS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Co-localisation for mast cell tryptase and ER or PR is further consolidated by use of dual immunofluorescence imaging (figs 7 and 8).”
- Also stated in: § DUAL LABELLING · plain
“Tissue samples stained sequentially for mast cell tryptase followed by ER (fig 7) or for PR followed by mast cell tryptase (fig 8) (each reported by a diVerent fluorochrome) and imaged using interference filters show the two signals to coexist within the same cell.”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > DUAL LABELLING
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § DUAL LABELLING · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The expression of ER/PR was independent of patient sex and age but was highly correlated with the numbers of mast cells (r = 0.973, p<0.001 for ER; r = 0.955, p<0.001 for PR).”
- Also stated in: § NUMEROUS ER/PR POSITIVE MAST CELLS EXIST IN NASAL POLYPS INDEPENDENT OF SEX AND AGE · plain
“Neither ER (p=0.620)nor PR (p=0.517)expression was dependent on patient sex.”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“It is noteworthy that the expression of ER and/or PR by mast cells was independent of patient sex and age and that fewer than 5% of the mast cells sampled in this study were negative for ER and/or PR.”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 18Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § NUMEROUS ER/PR POSITIVE MAST CELLS EXIST IN NASAL POLYPS INDEPENDENT OF SEX AND AGE · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The frequencies for expression were 61.7% for ER positive and 59.6% for PR positive cells.”
- Also stated in: § NUMEROUS ER/PR POSITIVE MAST CELLS EXIST IN NASAL POLYPS INDEPENDENT OF SEX AND AGE · hedged
“Positive expression for PR was recorded in approximately 60% of cases (28 of 47 patients).”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“The frequency of positive expression of ER and/or PR in nasal polyp tissues was 61.7% and/or 59.6%.”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 47Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § NUMEROUS ER/PR POSITIVE MAST CELLS EXIST IN NASAL POLYPS INDEPENDENT OF SEX AND AGE · hedged
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fewer than 5% of mast cells were found to be negative for ER/PR expression.”
- Also stated in: § MORE THAN 95% OF MAST CELLS EXPRESS ER/PR IN NASAL POLYPS · plain
“Here immuno-negative, toluidine blue positive mast cells (fig 6c) accounted for only 2.77 (1.6)% of cells (n=6).”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“fewer than 5% of the mast cells sampled in this study were negative for ER and/or PR.”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § MORE THAN 95% OF MAST CELLS EXPRESS ER/PR IN NASAL POLYPS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Numerous ER/PR positive mast cells exist in nasal polyps,”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · boosted
“Although this study provides compelling evidence that numerous ER and/or PR positive mast cells exist in nasal polyp tissues independent of patient sex and age, further study is indicated to determine whether the ER/PR positive cells are subject to the functional heterogeneity of human airway mast cells and whether there are diVerences in functional form of ER/PR between sexes, ages, or between”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Discussion · boosted
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, the total number of receptor site positive mast cells does not vary significantly with sex or age.”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > NUMEROUS ER/PR POSITIVE MAST CELLS EXIST IN NASAL POLYPS INDEPENDENT OF SEX AND AGE
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
- It may state two separate claims as one. 12
- Probably not a substantial claim. 25
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In the paper
“The immunoreactive cells to ER or PR are all mononuclear, typically 8-12 µm in diameter, and are characterised by a distinct cytoplasm densely reactive for DAB (fig 1, insert).”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > DUAL LABELLING
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Cases with high expression for sex hormone receptor sites accounted for 24 patients for ER and 20 patients for PR.”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > NUMEROUS ER/PR POSITIVE MAST CELLS EXIST IN NASAL POLYPS INDEPENDENT OF SEX AND AGE
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 24Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“but only mast cells tested positive for ER/PR labelling with their polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
“Mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages, or other immune cells, express ER/PR in human upper airways.”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · boosted
“These ER and/or PR positive cells were identified as being restricted to mast cells only by parallel toluidine blue staining for mast cells on serial sections and dual immunostaining using high aYnity antibodies for ER or PR and for CD4+, CD8+, CD68+, or mast cell tryptase.”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
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In the paper
“All patients were non-smokers and had taken neither steroids nor antibiotics during the month before surgery.”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > Methods
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“King et al 30 also reported that neither lymphocytes, macrophages, nor a distinctive population of natural killer cells express oestrogen receptors in uterine mucosa.”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [30] 30. King A, Gardner L, Loke YW. Evaluation of estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in uterine mucosal lymphocytes. Human Reprod 1996;11:1079-82. source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“However, expression of oestrogen receptors within bladder mast cells has been demonstrated by immunohistochemical analysis.17”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [17] 17. Pang X, CotreauBibbo MM, Sant GR, et al. Bladder mast cell expression of high aYnity oestrogen receptors in patients with interstitial cystitis. Br J Urol 1995;75:154-61. source
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The distribution and numbers of mast cells within human nasal polyps can be altered by diVerent fixation.5”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] 5. Kawabori S, Denburg JA, Schwartz LB, et al. Histochemical and immunohistochemical characteristics of mast cells in nasal polyps. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1992;6:37-43. source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Previous work has shown an accelerating eVect of exogenous oestrogens on the development of induced hypersensitivity within an animal model, 13”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13] 13. Dong Z, Zhao XJ, Zhu JG. EVect of estrogen on experimen- tally induced nasal hypersensitivity. Chin J Otorhinolaryngol 1993;28:67-8.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Randomly chosen wax sections were incubated with rabbit polyclonal antibodies against ER or PR at room temperature overnight and detected by indirect immuno-Texas Red (Amersham International plc, Buckinghamshire, UK).”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > DUAL LABELLING
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In the lung, oestradiol administration increased receptor density which was restored to control values by progesterone 14 ; however, withdrawal of progesterone may be associated with decreased smooth muscle relaxation.8”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] 14. Moawad AH, River LP, Kilpatrick SJ. The eVect of estrogen and progesterone on beta-adrenergic receptor activity in rabbit lung tissue. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982;144:608-13. source
- Not matchedcites [8] 8. Benyon HLC, Garbett ND, Barnes PJ. Severe premenstrual exacerbations of asthma: eVect of intramuscular progester- one. Lancet 1988;ii:370-2.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Likewise, nasal polyps are characterised by infiltration of a wide range of inflammatory cells including mast cells, eosinophils, activated T cells, and macrophages.[3][4][5]”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] 3. Larocca LM, Maggiano N, Capelli A, et al. Immunopathol- ogy of nasal polyps: an immunohistochemical approach. Ann Allergy 1989;63:508-12.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] 4. Stoop AE, Hameleers DM, v Run PE, et al. Lymphocytes and nonlymphoid cells in the nasal mucosa of patients with nasal polyps and of healthy subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1989;84:734-41. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] 5. Kawabori S, Denburg JA, Schwartz LB, et al. Histochemical and immunohistochemical characteristics of mast cells in nasal polyps. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1992;6:37-43. source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The latter technique is considered to be superior to others because it allows in situ demonstration of ER, so that the possibility of sample contamination by non-relevant cells or tissue, which is possible with DCC, is excluded.24”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [24] 24. Mink D, Hollaender M, Von Tongelen B, et al. Demonstra- tion of estrogen and progestrone receptors in breast cancers with monoclonal antibodies: diVerent results with enzyme-immunoassay and immunohistochemical meth- ods. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 1995;16:81-91.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“To see if the expression of ER or PR is subject to a sex related eVect, the scores for men and for women were compared in 18 age matched cases (women, mean (SD) age 31.2 (6.3) years, range 22-42 years, n=9; men, mean (SD) age 32.4 (6.0) years, range 21-42 years, n=9).”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > NUMEROUS ER/PR POSITIVE MAST CELLS EXIST IN NASAL POLYPS INDEPENDENT OF SEX AND AGE
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
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In the paper
“The more recent discovery that mast cells are sources of cytokines 26 which play key roles in signal transduction and communication between immune cells suggests that mast cell activation could influence the development of T and B cell responses.27”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [26] 26. Wodnar-Filipowicz A, Heusser CH, Moroni C. Production of the haemopoietic growth factors GM-CSF and interleukin-3 by mast cells in response to IgE receptor- mediated activation. Nature 1989;339:150-2. source
- Not matchedcites [27] 27. Castells M. Update on mast cells and mast cell precursors and hypersensitivity responses. Allergy Asthma Proc 1997: 18:287-92.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Pre-absorption of hormone receptors was omitted in favour of current control methodologies suggested by Burry.22”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > STAINING
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Burry.22
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- Not matched
In the paper
“Pang et al demonstrated bladder mast cell expression of high aYnity oestrogen receptors in patients with interstitial cystitis.17”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [17] 17. Pang X, CotreauBibbo MM, Sant GR, et al. Bladder mast cell expression of high aYnity oestrogen receptors in patients with interstitial cystitis. Br J Urol 1995;75:154-61. source
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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In the paper
“Women constitute more than 70% of all adult hospital admissions for asthma.10 11”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [10] 10. SkobeloV EM, Spivey WH, St Clair SS, et al. The influence of age and sex on asthma admissions. JAMA 1992;268: 3437-40.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [11] 11. Singh AK, Cydulka RK, Stahmer SA, et al. Sex diVerences among adults presenting to the emergency department with acute asthma. Multicenter Asthma Research Collabo- ration Investigators. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:1237-43. source
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In the paper
“In contrast, earlier studies reported specific oestrogen binding sites, using whole cell assays or dextran coated charcoal adsorption (DCC) method, on human peripheral T suppressor/cytotoxic subsets 18 and on mouse peritoneal macrophages.19”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [18] 18. Cohen JHM, Danel L, Cordier G. Sex steroid receptors in peripheral T cells: absence of androgen receptors and restriction of estrogen receptors to OKT8-positive cells. J Immunol 1983;131:2767-71.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [19] 19. Gulshan S, McCruden AB, Stimson WH. Oestrogen recep- tors in macrophages. Scand J Immunol 1990;31:691-7. source
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- Not matched
In the paper
“Current literature suggests that both age and oscillations of sex hormone levels may exacerbate the clinical symptoms of asthma.[6][7][8][9][10][11]”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [6][7][8][9][10][11]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
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In the paper
“Area matched fields of view were selected within the submucosa at low magnification and cell counts carried out using a 60:1 lens.”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > MORE THAN 95% OF MAST CELLS EXPRESS ER/PR IN NASAL POLYPS
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 47Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“It is well known that degranulation of mast cells leads to both microvascular and cellular responses, causing contractions and rapid oedema of smooth muscles and mobilising other inflammatory cells to enter the inflammatory site. 2 25”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] 2. Bingham CO, Austen KF. Mast-cell responses in the devel- opment of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105:S527- 34. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [25] 25. Longphre M, Zhang LY, Harkema JR, et al. Mast cells con- tribute to O3-induced epithelial damage and proliferation in nasal and bronchial airways of mice. J Appl Physiol 1996; 80:1322-30. source
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Functional heterogeneity of human airway mast cells has been reported from diVerent microenvironments within human nasal polyp tissue.23”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [23] 23. Finotto S, Dolovich J, Denburg JA, et al. Functional heterogeneity of mast cells isolated from diVerent microen- vironments within nasal polyp tissue. Clin Exp Immunol 1994;95:343-50. source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mast cells are key eVector cells in a variety of allergic disorders and chronic inflammatory diseases including nasal polyposis and asthma.”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > Discussion
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What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Human breast tumour tissue was used as positive tissue control.Immuno controls consisted of nonimmunised rabbit IgG or mouse IgG or PBS instead of primary antibody.”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > STAINING
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Mast cells may also be necessary for activation and regulation of eosinophil 28 and macrophage functions.29”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [28] 28. Oskéritzian C, Milon G, Braquet P, et al. Activated mast cells release biological activities able to support eosinophil production from mouse hemopoietic precursors. Cell Immunol 1996;167:205-15. source
- Not matchedcites [29] 29. Rodgers K, Xiong S. Contribution of mast cell mediators to alterations in macrophage function after malathion admin- istration. Fund Appl Toxicol 1996;33:100-8.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Sudden death from premenstrual asthma has been observed in two sisters.12”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [12] 12. Barkman RP. Sudden death in asthma. Med J Aust 1981;1: 316-7.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Most stromal mast cells are formalin resistant and contain both tryptase and chymase; on the other hand, most epithelial mast cells are formalin sensitive, tryptase positive, and chymase negative.5 23”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] 5. Kawabori S, Denburg JA, Schwartz LB, et al. Histochemical and immunohistochemical characteristics of mast cells in nasal polyps. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1992;6:37-43. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [23] 23. Finotto S, Dolovich J, Denburg JA, et al. Functional heterogeneity of mast cells isolated from diVerent microen- vironments within nasal polyp tissue. Clin Exp Immunol 1994;95:343-50. source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The inflammatory basis for asthma is well established as being due to microvasculature constrictions causing resultant oedema and reduced respiratory function.1 2”
§ Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by mast cells alone, but not lymphocytes, macrophages or other immune cells in human upper airways > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 1. Busse WW. Inflammation in asthma: the cornerstone of the disease and target of therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;102:S17-22.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] 2. Bingham CO, Austen KF. Mast-cell responses in the devel- opment of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105:S527- 34. source
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- Not matched
The paper relies on this without support.
No study has been carried out to demonstrate the presence of sex hormone receptors within airways.
“It would appear that no study has been carried out to demonstrate the presence of sex hormone receptors within airways.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The majority of mast cells sampled in this study are of the formalin resistant population.
“Since the specimens used in this study were formalin fixed tissues, the majority of mast cells sampled are assumed to be of the formalin resistant population.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, the presence of sex steroid receptors on MC indicates that sex hormones may exert their biological effects by binding to these receptors [20–23].”
From Gender-Related Effects of Sex Steroids on Histamine Release and Fc ε RI Expression in Rat Peritoneal Mast Cells (2015) · cites this paper as [20]
Citations
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Flagged first, then by citations
4 of the 35 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 3
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Regulation of innate and adaptive immunity by the female sex hormones oestradiol and progesterone
Beagley, K. W., & Gockel, C. M. (2003) · FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1016/s0928-8244(03)00202-5 · Cited by 495
“The presence of progesterone receptors on T lymphocytes remains controversial [75,76].”
BackgroundCritical role of mast cells in inflammatory diseases and the effect of acute stress
Theoharides, T. C., & Cochrane, D. E. (2003) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2003.10.041 · Cited by 438
“These finding could be important in view of the fact that mast cells express estrogen receptors (Pang et al., 1995a; Zhao et al., 2001) and MS occurs more often in women.”
BackgroundAdvances in mast cell biology: new understanding of heterogeneity and function
Moon, T. C., Laurent, C. D. S., Morris, K., Marcet, C. T., Yoshimura, T., Sekar, Y., & Befus, A. D. (2009) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/mi.2009.136 · Cited by 291
Estradiol activates mast cells via a non-genomic estrogen receptor-α and calcium influx
Zaitsu, M., Narita, S.-I., Lambert, K. C., Grady, J. J., Estes, D. M., Curran, E. M., Brooks, E. G., Watson, C. S., Goldblum, R. M., & Midoro-Horiuti, T. (2007) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2006.09.030 · Cited by 262
The impact of sex and sex hormones on lung physiology and disease: lessons from animal studies
Carey, M. A., Card, J. W., Voltz, J. W., Germolec, D. R., Korach, K. S., & Zeldin, D. C. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajplung.00174.2007 · Cited by 218
“Importantly, all sex steroid hormone receptors have been shown to be expressed in lung tissue (12, 20, 32, 49, 73, 89) and will be discussed in more detail in later sections.”
BackgroundFrisancho-Kiss, S., Davis, S. E., Nyland, J. F., Frisancho, J. A., Cihakova, D., Barrett, M. A., Rose, N. R., & Fairweather, D. (2007) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.178.11.6710 · Cited by 212
Non‐IgE mediated mast cell activation
Redegeld, F. A., Yu, Y., Kumari, S., Charles, N., & Blank, U. (2018) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12629 · Cited by 215
“Receptors for the 3 classes of sex hormones—estrogens, progesterone, and testosterone—have been identified on various immune cells 202 including MCs. 203-206 Female sex hormones interact with the estrogen receptors E α R and E β R and the progesterone receptors PR-A and PR-B, whereas the male sex…”
Sex steroids as inflammatory regulators
Gilliver, S. C. (2010) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2009.12.015 · Cited by 198
Sex-related Differences in Cough Reflex Sensitivity in Patients with Chronic Cough
Kastelik, J. A., Thompson, R. H., Aziz, I., et al. (2002) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.2109061 · Cited by 192
Does gender affect pulmonary function and exercise capacity?
Harms, C. A. (2006) · Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.resp.2005.10.010 · Cited by 177
Therapeutic implications of sex differences in asthma and atopy
Osman, M. (2003) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.88.7.587 · Cited by 171
“Receptors for sex steroids have been identified on lymphocytes, monocytes, and mast cells.”
BackgroundHel, Z., Stringer, E., & Mestecky, J. F. (2009) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2009-0018 · Cited by 165
Estrogens and the Vascular Endothelium
Cid, M. C., Schnaper, H. W., & Kleinman, H. K. (2002) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04211.x · Cited by 148
Frisancho-Kiss, S., Coronado, M. J., Frisancho, J. A., Lau, V. M., Rose, N. R., Klein, S. L., & Fairweather, D. (2009) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2008.12.002 · Cited by 143
“Testosterone has been shown to increase the number of MCs and macrophages, histamine and cytokine release (Cutolo et al., 1996; Frisancho-Kiss et al., 2007; Lima et al., 2000; Mayo et al., 1997; Zhao et al., 2001).”
BackgroundMast Cell: An Emerging Partner in Immune Interaction
Gri, G., Frossi, B., Federica D’Incà, Danelli, L., Betto, E., Mion, F., Sibilano, R., & Pucillo, C. E. M. (2012) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2012.00120 · Cited by 152
“receptors can regulate MC activation: FcεRI and Fcγ receptors, Toll like receptors (TLRs), complement receptors, cytokine and chemokine receptors, and hormone receptors (Zhao et al., 2001; Theoharides et al., 2004; Galli et al., 2005b) as summarized in Table 1.”
Gender‐medicine aspects in allergology
Jensen‐Jarolim, E., & Untersmayr, E. (2008) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01645.x · Cited by 143
Mendoza, M. S., & Morales‐Montor, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00348 · Cited by 133
Perimenstrual asthma: A syndrome without known cause or cure
Vrieze, A., Postma, D. S., & Kerstjens, H. A. M. (2003) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1067/mai.2003.1676 · Cited by 132
Oestrogen and progesterone regulation of inflammatory processes in the human endometrium
King, A. E., & Critchley, H. (2010) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.01.003 · Cited by 130
Neuroendocrinology of mast cells: Challenges and controversies
Theoharides, T. C. (2017) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/exd.13288 · Cited by 121
Harnish, D. C., Albert, L. M., Leathurby, Y., Eckert, A. M., Ciarletta, A. B., Kasaian, M. T., & Keith, J. C. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00024.2003 · Cited by 112
Saban, M. R., Nguyen, N.-B., Hammond, T. G., & Saban, R. (2002) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)61159-5 · Cited by 110
Hellings, P. W., Vandekerckhove, P. G., Claeys, R., Billen, J., Kasran, A., & Ceuppens, J. L. (2003) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01743.x · Cited by 105
Mast cells rescue implantation defects caused by c-kit deficiency
Woidacki, K., Popovic, M., Metz, M., et al. (2013) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/cddis.2012.214 · Cited by 98
“This appears to be regulated through endocrine mechanisms, which is not surprising as they express estrogen and progesterone receptors.(37) We recently found that estradiol”
BackgroundDijkstra, A., Howard, T. D., Vonk, J. M., Ampleford, E. J., Lange, L. A., Bleecker, E. R., Meyers, D. A., & Postma, D. S. (2006) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.11.023 · Cited by 96
Incorporating a gender dimension in food allergy research: a review
DunnGalvin, A., Hourihane, J. O., Frewer, L. J., Knibb, R. C., Elberink, J. N. G. O., & Klinge, I. I. (2006) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01181.x · Cited by 88
Early exposure to dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, breastfeeding and asthma at age six
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Regulation of Allergic Lung Inflammation in Rats: Interaction between Estradiol and Corticosterone
de Oliveira, A. P. L., Oliveira-Filho, R. M., da Silva, Z. L., Borelli, P., & de Lima, W. T. (2003) · NeuroImmunoModulation · doi:10.1159/000072965 · Cited by 80
de Oliveira, A. P. L., Domingos, H. V., Cavriani, G., Damazo, A. S., dos Santos Franco, A. L., Oliani, S. M., Oliveira-Filho, R. M., Vargaftig, B. B., & de Lima, W. T. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00286.2006 · Cited by 79
Mast cells: new targets for multiple sclerosis therapy?
Zappulla, J. P., Arock, M., Mars, L. T., & Liblau, R. (2002) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/s0165-5728(02)00250-3 · Cited by 78
Prieto, A., Sloane, D. E., Gargiulo, A., et al. (2010) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.10.038 · Cited by 72
Respiratory health in women: from menarche to menopause
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Sex Differences in Pulmonary Function during Exercise
HARMS, C. A., & Rosenkranz, S. K. (2008) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181621325 · Cited by 65
Influence of menstrual cycle phase on pulmonary function in asthmatic athletes
Stanford, K. I., Mickleborough, T. D., Ray, S., et al. (2006) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-005-0067-7 · Cited by 62
“Zhao et al. (2001) have shown that progesterone and estrogen receptors are expressed on mast cells, but not lymphocytes and macrophages taken from nasal polyp tissue.”
BackgroundInfluentialAdverse reactions to food: the female dominance – A secondary publication and update
Afify, S. M., & Pali‐Schöll, I. (2017) · World Allergy Organization Journal · doi:10.1186/s40413-017-0174-z · Cited by 60
“Sex hormone receptors have been found on the surface of lymphocytes, monocytes and mast cells [47, 48].”
BackgroundNeuroendocrinology of the skin
Theoharides, T. C., Stewart, J. M., Taracanova, A., Conti, P., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2016) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-016-9369-9 · Cited by 60
Muñoz-Cruz, S., Mendoza-Rodríguez, Y., Nava-Castro, K. E., Yepez-Mulia, L., & Morales-Montor, J. (2015) · Journal of Immunology Research · doi:10.1155/2015/351829 · Cited by 54
Ellem, S. J., Taylor, R. A., Furic, L., Larsson, O. S., Frydenberg, M., Pook, D. W., Pedersen, J., Cawsey, B., Trotta, A. P., Need, E. F., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/path.4386 · Cited by 59
“Intriguingly, mast cells are activated by oestrogen and express ERα [21,22], and their increase in the aromatase over-expressing mouse (AROM+) indicates that they respond to, and are recruited by, oestrogen [20].”
BackgroundPerimenstrual asthma: from pathophysiology to treatment strategies
Graziottin, A., & Serafini, A. (2016) · Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1186/s40248-016-0065-0 · Cited by 58
“Furthermore, the presence of sex steroid receptors on MC indicates that sex hormones may exert their biological effects by binding to these receptors [49].”
BackgroundMast Cell-Mediated and Associated Disorders in Pregnancy: A Risky Game with an Uncertain Outcome?
Woidacki, K., Zenclussen, A. C., & Siebenhaar, F. (2014) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00231 · Cited by 47
“MCs express the receptors for E2 and P4 (93, 94) and degranulate upon treatment with theses hormones (94).”
BackgroundSex hormones and allergies: exploring the gender differences in immune responses
Gutiérrez-Brito, J. A., Lomelí-Nieto, J. Á., Muñóz-Valle, J. F., Oregon‐Romero, E., Corona-Angeles, J. A., & Hernández‐Bello, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Allergy · doi:10.3389/falgy.2024.1483919 · Cited by 44
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“• Steroid Hormones Modulate T-bet in Epithelia Mol Endocrinol, August 2005, 19(8):2047–2059 2053”
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Risk factors of adverse reactions to food in German adults
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Expression and localization of steroid receptors in human nasal mucosa
Shirasaki, H., Watanabe, K., Kanaizumi, E., Konno, N., Sato, J., Narita, S.-I., & Himi, T. (2004) · Acta Oto-Laryngologica · doi:10.1080/00016480310017063 · Cited by 41
“and very similar results from nasal polyps have been reported (4).”
ResultIdiopathic cough, prevalence and underlying mechanisms
McGarvey, L. P. A., & Ing, A. (2004) · Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pupt.2004.09.012 · Cited by 38
Asthma Phenotypes in the Era of Personalized Medicine
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“Furthermore, the presence of sex steroid receptors on MCs suggests that sex hormones may exert biological effects through binding to these receptors [135].”
Goksör, E., Gustafsson, P., Alm, B., Åmark, M., & Wennergren, G. (2008) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.20798 · Cited by 34
“Female sex steroids have pro-inflammatory properties(25,26) and mast cells in the upper airways have been shown to have oestrogen receptors.(27) The poorer prognosis seen in girls with early wheezing might be due to gender itself.”
BackgroundCurrent Wheezing, Puberty, and Obesity Among Mexican Adolescent Females and Young Women
Herrera-Trujillo, M., Barraza‐Villarreal, A., Lazcano-Ponce, E. C., Hernández, B., Sanı́n, L. H., & Romieu, I. (2005) · Journal of Asthma · doi:10.1080/02770900500265306 · Cited by 31
“Studies in animals have demonstrated the influence of the estrogens on the function of smooth muscle and effects on the cholinergic and adrenergic systems (28); receptors of estrogens and progesterone have been found in mastocytes, isolated from the higher respiratory tracks (29).”
BackgroundBelot, M.-P., Abdennebi-Najar, L., Gaudin, F., Lieberherr, M., Godot, V., Taïeb, J., Emilie, D., & Machelon, V. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00286.2006 · Cited by 29
“Its effects are usually mediated by conventional nuclear progesterone receptors (PRs) that have been identified in the upper airways and bladder mast cells in humans (26, 47), in addition to the mammary gland, uterus, and ovary.”
BackgroundSex Steroids Effects on Asthma: A Network Perspective of Immune and Airway Cells
Borkar, N. A., Combs, C. K., & Sathish, V. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11142238 · Cited by 29
“However, this effect is seemingly via non-classical activation of the female sex hormone receptors, as studies have shown a lack of estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in eosinophils [79].”
BackgroundInduction of Maternal Tolerance to Fetal Alloantigens by RANTES Production
Ramhorst, R., Patel, R., Corigliano, A., Etchepareborda, J. J., Fainboim, L., & Schust, D. J. (2006) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.2006.00430.x · Cited by 28
Chen, L., Chen, J., Xie, C. M., Zhao, Y., Wang, X., & Zhang, Y. H. (2015) · PubMed · doi:10.3967/bes2015.025 · Cited by 28
Song, W., Lee, S. M., Kim, M., Kim, S., Kim, K. W., Cho, S., Min, K., & Chang, Y. (2011) · Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.anai.2011.07.012 · Cited by 26
GnRH, brain mast cells and behavior
Silverman, A., Asarian, L., Khalil, M., & Silver, R. (2002) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(02)41102-8 · Cited by 27
“In the upper airways and the bladder of humans, mast cells, but not lymphocytes, macrophages, or other immune cells, express estrogen and progesterone receptors (Zhao et al., 2001).”
BackgroundInfluentialAssociation of hormone replacement therapy with bronchial hyper-responsiveness
Mueller, J. E., Frye, C., Brasche, S., et al. (2003) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0954-6111(03)00128-8 · Cited by 25
Hormonal Effects on Urticaria and Angioedema Conditions
Bernstein, J. A., Bouillet, L., Caballero, T., & Staevska, M. T. (2021) · The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology In Practice · doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2021.04.021 · Cited by 23
Hormone Replacement Therapy and Obstructive Airway Diseases
Barr, R. G., & Camargo, C. A. (2004) · Treatments in Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.2165/00151829-200403010-00001 · Cited by 23
Asthma, atopy, and exercise: Sex differences in exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
Bauza, D. E. R., & Silveyra, P. (2021) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1177/15353702211003858 · Cited by 22
“Moreover, because mast cells, but not lymphocytes, macrophages, or other immune cells, express estrogen and progesterone receptors in human upper airways and nasal polyps, it has been hypothesized this region may be a major route for the involvement of sex hormones in airway inflammation.(96) Although the mechanisms u…”
BackgroundFood Allergy: An Increasing Problem for the Elderly
Möhrenschlager, M., & Ring, J. (2010) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000316576 · Cited by 22
Sex and age-related differences in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps electing ESS
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Genitourinary mast cells and survival.
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“…metabolism and regulation of mitochondrial protein expression, no direct evidence is available from a human study on PPARGC1B expression in cells that express ER and play central roles in AHR development, such as airway smooth muscle cells or mast cells (Zhao et al. , 2001; Townsend et al. , 2012).”
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“…pills seem to be influencing factors on nasal mucosa physiology, but this is still a controversial issue in the literature (Bowser & Riederer, 2001; Zhao et al., 2001; Nappi et al., 2003; Navarrete-Palacios et al., 2003; Shirasaki et al., 2004; Wolstenholme et al., 2006; Caruso et al., 2006;…”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Zhao, X. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Ulster (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Zhao, X J
- Venue
- Thorax
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2001-03-01
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 205-211
- ISSN
- 0040-6376 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC1758779
- OpenAlex
- W2170487877
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 6.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Thorax (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ulster University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Otorhinolaryngology › Sinusitis and nasal conditions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Mast cells and histamine
- Keywords
- oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, mast cells, nasal polyps, upper airway, airway inflammation, sex hormones, ovarian hormones, lymphocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, neutrophils, asthma
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Asthma, Child, Female, Humans, Immunity, Cellular, Immunohistochemistry, Macrophages, Male, Mast Cells, Middle Aged, Nasal Polyps, Receptors, Estrogen, Receptors, Progesterone, T-Lymphocytes, Sex Distribution
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