Interleukin-6 and associated cytokine responses to an acute bout of high-intensity interval exercise: the effect of exercise intensity and volume
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Acute increases in interleukin (IL)-6 following prolonged exercise are associated with the induction of a transient anti-inflammatory state (e.g., increases in IL-10) that is partly responsible for the health benefits of regular exercise. The purposes of this study were to investigate the IL-6–related inflammatory response to high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and to determine the impact of exercise intensity and volume on this response. Ten participants (5 males and 5 females) completed 3 exercise bouts of contrasting intensity and volume (LOW, MOD, and HIGH). The HIGH protocol was based upon standard HIIE protocols, while the MOD and LOW protocols were designed to enable a comparison of exercise intensity and volume with a fixed duration. Inflammatory cytokine concentrations were measured in plasma (IL-6, IL-10) and also determined the level of gene expression (IL-6, IL-10, and IL-4R) in peripheral blood. The plasma IL-6 response to exercise (reported as fold changes) was significantly greater in HIGH (2.70 ± 1.51) than LOW (1.40 ± 0.32) (P = 0.04) and was also positively correlated to the mean exercise oxygen uptake (r = 0.54, P < 0.01). However, there was no change in anti-inflammatory IL-10 or IL-4R responses in plasma or at the level of gene expression. HIIE caused a significant increase in IL-6 and was greater than that seen in low-intensity exercise of the same duration. The increases in IL-6 were relatively small in magnitude, and appear to have been insufficient to induce the acute systemic anti-inflammatory effects, which are evident following longer duration exercise.
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In high-intensity interval training, higher exercise intensity corresponds with higher plasma IL-6, while IL-10 remains unchanged from pre-exercise levels.
“the exerkine response to high-intensity interval training depends on exercise intensity; higher exercise intensity corresponds with higher plasma levels of IL-6, while IL-10 levels remain unchanged compared with the levels before exercise6.”
From Exerkines in health, resilience and disease (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
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- Authors
- Cullen, T., Thomas, A. W., Webb, R., & Hughes, M. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Worcester (GB)
- Cardiff Metropolitan University (GB)
- Venue
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
- Publisher
- Canadian Science Publishing
- Published
- 2016-08
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 803-808
- ISSN
- 1715-5312 (ISSN-L)
- 1715-5320
- OpenAlex
- W2297029629
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 11
- FWCI
- 9.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- TSpace (University of Toronto) (acceptedVersion)
- Worcester Research and Publications (University of Worcester) (acceptedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Repository@Hull (Worktribe) (University of Hull) (submittedVersion)
- Pure (Coventry University) (submittedVersion)
- Cardiff Metropolitan Research Repository (Cardiff Metropolitan University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- interleukin-6, IL-10, interleukin-4 receptor, high-intensity interval exercise, acute exercise, exercise intensity, exercise volume, inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory response, exercise oxygen consumption, gene expression, plasma cytokines
- MeSH terms
- High-Intensity Interval Training, Adult, Diet, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Male, Oxygen Consumption, RNA, Messenger, Exercise, Interleukin-6, Linear Models, Interleukin-10, Receptors, Interleukin-6, Young Adult
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