Caffeine ingestion elevates plasma insulin response in humans during an oral glucose tolerance test
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that caffeine ingestion results in an exaggerated response in blood glucose and (or) insulin during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Young, fit adult males (n = 18) underwent 2 OGTT. The subjects ingested caffeine (5 mg/kg) or placebo (double blind) and 1 h later ingested 75 g of dextrose. There were no differences between the fasted levels of serum insulin, C peptide, blood glucose, or lactate and there were no differences within or between trials in these measures prior to the OGTT. Following the OGTT, all of these parameters increased (P [Formula: see text] 0.05) for the duration of the OGTT. Caffeine ingestion resulted in an increase (P [Formula: see text] 0.05) in serum fatty acids, glycerol, and plasma epinephrine prior to the OGTT. During the OGTT, these parameters decreased to match those of the placebo trial. In the caffeine trial the serum insulin and C peptide concentrations were significantly greater (P [Formula: see text] 0.001) than for placebo for the last 90 min of the OGTT and the area under the curve (AUC) for both measures were 60 and 37% greater (P [Formula: see text] 0.001), respectively. This prolonged, increased elevation in insulin did not result in a lower blood glucose level; in fact, the AUC for blood glucose was 24% greater (P = 0.20) in the caffeine treatment group. The data support our hypothesis that caffeine ingestion results in a greater increase in insulin concentration during an OGTT. This, together with a trend towards a greater rather than a more modest response in blood glucose, suggests that caffeine ingestion may have resulted in insulin resistance.Key words: adenosine, skeletal muscle, methylxanthines, glucose uptake, diabetes.
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- Authors
- Graham, T. E., Sathasivam, P., Rowland, M., Marko, N., Greer, F., & Battram, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Guelph (CA)
- Venue
- Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Canadian Science Publishing
- Published
- 2001-07-01
- Volume
- 79
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 559-565
- ISSN
- 0008-4212 (ISSN-L)
- 1205-7541
- OpenAlex
- W2171460572
- Cited by
- 135
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Keywords
- caffeine, insulin response, oral glucose tolerance test, blood glucose, insulin resistance, C-peptide, epinephrine, serum fatty acids, glycerol, D-glucose
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Adolescent, Adult, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Analysis of Variance, Blood Glucose, Caffeine, Catecholamines, Double-Blind Method, Glucose, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin, Male, Lactic Acid
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