Cited by 188Coffee research and impactsAlcohol Consumption and Health EffectsTea Polyphenols and Effects

Caffeine as a factor influencing the functioning of the human body-friend or foe?

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Rodak, Kamil, Kokot, Izabela, Kratz, Ewa Maria·2021·Nutrients

Abstract

Nowadays, caffeine is one of the most commonly consumed substances, which presents in many plants and products. It has both positive and negative effects on the human body, and its activity concerns a variety of systems including the central nervous system, immune system, digestive system, respiratory system, urinary tract, etc. These effects are dependent on quantity, the type of product in which caffeine is contained, and also on the individual differences among people (sex, age, diet etc.). The main aim of this review was to collect, present, and analyze the available information including the latest discoveries on the impact of caffeine on human health and the functioning of human body systems, taking into account the role of caffeine in individual disease entities. We present both the positive and negative sides of caffeine consumption and the healing properties of this purine alkaloid in diseases such as asthma, Parkinson's disease, and others, not forgetting about the negative effects of excess caffeine (e.g., in people with hypertension, children, adolescents, and the elderly). In summary, we can conclude, however, that caffeine has a multi-directional influence on various organs of the human body, and because of its anti-oxidative properties, it was, and still is, an interesting topic for research studies including those aimed at developing new therapeutic strategies.

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Crossref · 10.3390/nu13093088

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  • The cut-off time for doses of caffeine contained in a standard cup of coffee or a standard serve of pre-workout supplement occur substantially earlier than anecdotally expected, and well before timings based on the typical half-life of three to six h.

    “These fi ndings suggest the cut-off time for doses of caffeine contained in a standard cup of coffee or a standard serve of pre-workout supplement occur substantially earlier than anecdotally expected, and well before timings based on the typical half-life of three to six h [18,86,87].”

    From The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [86]

    Section 1.2, “Metabolism of Caffeine” (page unavailable), gives a metabolic half-life of 3–5 hours, rather than the cited 3–6 hours. The earlier cut-off times are presented as the citing authors’ own findings, not as a finding attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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Authors
Rodak, K., Kokot, I., & Kratz, E. M.
Affiliations
Wroclaw Medical University (PL)
Corresponding author
  • Rodak, Kamil
  • Kratz, Ewa Maria
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-09-02
Volume
13
Issue
9
Pages
3088
ISSN
2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3198497028
Cited by
188
References
205
Citations by year
2026: 27 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 15
FWCI
3.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Tea Polyphenols and Effects
Keywords
caffeine, purine alkaloids, caffeine consumption, health effects of caffeine, central nervous system, immune system, digestive system, respiratory system, urinary tract, asthma, Parkinson's disease, hypertension, children and adolescents, older adults, antioxidant activity
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Analgesics, Animals, Antioxidants, Mental Disorders, Caffeine, Cardiovascular System, Child, Digestive System, Humans, Immune System, Respiratory System, Urinary Tract, Receptors, Purinergic P1, Neurodegenerative Diseases

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