BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS ON THE SOURCE OF GEONEUTRINOS
Abstract
Detection of antineutrinos from U and Th series decay within the Earth (geoneutrinos) constrains the absolute abundance of these elements. Marine detectors will measure the ratio over the mantle beneath the site and provide spatial averaging. The measured mantle Th/U may well be significantly below its bulk earth value of ~4; Pb isotope measurements on mantle-derived rocks yield low Th/U values, effectively averaged over geological time. The physics of the modern biological process is complicated, but the net effect is that much of the U in the mantle comes from subducted marine sediments and subducted upper oceanic crust. That is, U subducts preferentially relative to Th. Oxygen ultimately from photosynthesis oxidizes U(IV) to U(VI), which is soluble during weathering and sediment transport. Dissolved U(VI) reacts with FeO in the oceanic crust and organic carbon within sediments to become immobile U(IV). These deep marine rocks are preferentially subducted relative to Th(IV)-bearing continental margin rocks. Ferric iron from anoxygenic photosynthesis and oxygen in local oases likely mobilized some U during the Archean Era when there was very little O 2 in the air. Conversely, these elements behave similarly in the absence of life, where the elements occur as U(IV) and Th(IV), which do not significantly fractionate during igneous processes. Neither do they fractionate during weathering, as they are essentially insoluble in water in surface environments. Th(IV) and U(IV) remain in solid clay-sized material. Overall, geoneutrino data constrain the masses of mantle chemical and isotopic domains recognized by studies of mantle-derived rocks and show the extent of recycling into the mantle over geological time.
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The reduction of nitrate will yield ammonium, which is readily sequestered into silicates.
“However, the reduction of nitrate will yield ammonium, which is readily sequestered into silicates (65, 66).”
From Disequilibrium biosignatures over Earth history and implications for detecting exoplanet life (2018) · cites this paper as [65]
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Chemical sedimentary protoliths in the >3.75Ga Nuvvuagittuq Supracrustal Belt (Québec, Canada)
Mloszewska, A. M., Mojzsis, S. J., Ernesto Pecoits, A., Papineau, D., Dauphas, N., & Konhauser, K. O. (2012) · Gondwana Research · doi:10.1016/j.gr.2012.11.005 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
THE WORLD'S OLDEST OBSERVED PRIMARY URANINITE
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Enhanced crustal geo-neutrino production near the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, Ontario, Canada
Perry, H., Mareschal, J. C., & Jaupart, C. (2009) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.09.033 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Particle properties of hydrothermal ammonium-bearing illite-smectite
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Dauphas, N., & Marty, B. M. (2004) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2004.07.005 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Tolich, N. (2012) · Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2012.09.064 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Staudigel, H., Moyer, C. L., Garcia, M. O., et al. (2010) · Oceanography · doi:10.5670/oceanog.2010.75 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Rosa, É., Hillaire‐Marcel, C., Ghaleb, B., & Dick, T. A. (2012) · Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences · doi:10.1139/e2012-025 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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Disequilibrium biosignatures over Earth history and implications for detecting exoplanet life
Krissansen-Totton, J., Olson, S., & Catling, D. C. (2018) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aao5747 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
- Authors
- SLEEP, N. H., BIRD, D. K., & ROSING, M. T.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Venue
- International Journal of Modern Physics A
- Publisher
- World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
- Published
- 2013-12-04
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 30
- Pages
- 1330047
- ISSN
- 0217-751X (ISSN-L)
- 1793-656X
- OpenAlex
- W2065281623
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 114
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Modern Physics A (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Neutrino Physics Research
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
- Keywords
- geoneutrinos, uranium, thorium, subduction, oceanic crust, uranium oxidation, photosynthesis, weathering, Archean, mantle recycling, lead isotopes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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