The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
node2vec: Scalable Feature Learning for Networks
Abstract
Prediction tasks over nodes and edges in networks require careful effort in engineering features used by learning algorithms. Recent research in the broader field of representation learning has led to significant progress in automating prediction by learning the features themselves. However, present feature learning approaches are not expressive enough to capture the diversity of connectivity patterns observed in networks. Here we propose node2vec, an algorithmic framework for learning continuous feature representations for nodes in networks. In node2vec, we learn a mapping of nodes to a low-dimensional space of features that maximizes the likelihood of preserving network neighborhoods of nodes. We define a flexible notion of a node's network neighborhood and design a biased random walk procedure, which efficiently explores diverse neighborhoods. Our algorithm generalizes prior work which is based on rigid notions of network neighborhoods, and we argue that the added flexibility in exploring neighborhoods is the key to learning richer representations.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“graph embedding methods like node2vec [17] and DeepWalk [26] cannot be applied here.”
From Graph Convolutional Neural Networks for Web-Scale Recommender Systems (2018) · cites this paper as [17]
Citations
Cites
Glove: Global Vectors for Word Representation
Pennington, J., Socher, R., & Manning, C. (2014) · Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) · doi:10.3115/v1/d14-1162 · Cited by 34,071
Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space
Mikolov, T., Chen, K., Corrado, G., & Dean, J. (2013) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1301.3781 · Cited by 26,568
Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction by Locally Linear Embedding
Roweis, S. T., & Saul, L. K. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.290.5500.2323 · Cited by 14,965
A Global Geometric Framework for Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction
Tenenbaum, J. B., Silva, V. D., & Langford, J. C. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.290.5500.2319 · Cited by 13,585
Representation Learning: A Review and New Perspectives
Bengio, Y., Courville, A., & Vincent, P. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2013.50 · Cited by 13,001
Fortunato, S. (2010) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2009.11.002 · Cited by 11,293
DeepWalk: online learning of social representations
Perozzi, B., Al-Rfou, R., & Skiena, S. (2014) · Proceedings of the 20th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining · doi:10.1145/2623330.2623732 · Cited by 10,123
Molecular signatures database (MSigDB) 3.0
Liberzon, A., Subramanian, A., Pinchback, R., Thorvaldsdóttir, H., Tamayo, P., & Mesirov, J. P. (2011) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btr260 · Cited by 7,111
LINE: Large-scale Information Network Embedding
Tang, J., Qu, M., Wang, M., Zhang, M., Yan, J., & Mei, Q. (2015) · Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web · doi:10.1145/2736277.2741093 · Cited by 5,416
Laplacian Eigenmaps and Spectral Techniques for Embedding and Clustering
Belkin, M., & Niyogi, P. (2002) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/1120.003.0080 · Cited by 4,534
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- Belkin M., 2001, NIPS
- Harris Z. S., 1954, Word. Distributional Structure, 10, 146
- Li Y., 2016, ICLR
- 10.1002/asi.v58:7 · DOI
- Mahoney M., 2011, Large text compression benchmark. www.mattmahoney.net/dc/textdata
- Mikolov T., 2013, ICLR
- Mikolov T., 2013, NIPS
- Recht B., 2011, NIPS
- Tian F., 2014, AAAI
- Zafarani R., 2009, Social computing data repository at ASU
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,001–1,030 of 1,030
Inference Attacks Against Graph Neural Networks
Zhang, Z., Chen, M., Michael Backes, A., Shen, Y. C., & Zhang, Y. (2021) · VU Research Portal · doi:10.22028/d291-47486 · Cited by 59
Graph representation learning for single-cell biology
Hetzel, L., Fischer, D. S., Günnemann, S., & Theis, F. J. (2021) · Current Opinion in Systems Biology · doi:10.1016/j.coisb.2021.05.008 · Cited by 55
Stein, D., Kars, M. E., Wu, Y., Bayrak, Ç. S., Stenson, P. D., Cooper, D. N., Schlessinger, A., & Itan, Y. (2023) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-023-01261-9 · Cited by 53
Deep learning methods for protein function prediction
Boadu, F., Lee, A., & Cheng, J. (2025) · PROTEOMICS · doi:10.1002/pmic.202300471 · Cited by 53
Biomedical data, computational methods and tools for evaluating disease–disease associations
Xiang, J., Zhang, J., Zhao, Y., Wu, F.-X., & Li, M. (2022) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bbac006 · Cited by 49
HeteroMed: Heterogeneous Information Network for Medical Diagnosis
Hosseini, A., Chen, T., Wu, W., Sun, Y., & Sarrafzadeh, M. (2018) · Proceedings of the 27th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management · doi:10.1145/3269206.3271805 · Cited by 47
Graph neural networks for single-cell omics data: a review of approaches and applications
Li, S., Hua, H., & Chen, S. (2025) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bbaf109 · Cited by 43
Motif-Backdoor: Rethinking the Backdoor Attack on Graph Neural Networks via Motifs
Zheng, H., Xiong, H., Chen, J., Ma, H., & Huang, G. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems · doi:10.1109/tcss.2023.3267094 · Cited by 41
RareBench: Can LLMs Serve as Rare Diseases Specialists?
Chen, X., Mao, X., Guo, Q., Wang, L., Zhang, S., & Chen, T. (2024) · Proceedings of the 30th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining · doi:10.1145/3637528.3671576 · Cited by 41
Harmonized representation learning on dynamic EHR graphs
Lee, D., Jiang, X., & Yu, H. (2020) · Journal of Biomedical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2020.103426 · Cited by 34
Radiolysis Generates a Complex Organosynthetic Chemical Network
Adam, Z., Fahrenbach, A. C., Jacobson, S. M., Kacar, B., & Zubarev, D. Y. (2019) · doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.10148684 · Cited by 34
Wu, Y., Liu, Q., Qiu, Y., & Xie, L. (2022) · PLOS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010367 · Cited by 34
An ontology-based knowledge graph for representing interactions involving RNA molecules
Cavalleri, E., Cabri, A., Soto-Gomez, M., Bonfitto, S., Perlasca, P., Gliozzo, J., Callahan, T. J., Reese, J., Robinson, P. N., Casiraghi, E., et al. (2024) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-024-03673-7 · Cited by 33
Wang, T., Peng, Q., Liu, B., Liu, Y., & Wang, Y. (2020) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2020.00418 · Cited by 27
Deep learning approaches for similarity computation: A survey
Yang, P., Wang, H., Yang, J., Qian, Z., Zhang, Y., & Lin, X. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering · doi:10.1109/tkde.2024.3422484 · Cited by 28
Formatting biological big data for modern machine learning in drug discovery
Duran‐Frigola, M., Fernández‐Torras, A., Bertoni, M., & Aloy, P. (2019) · WIREs Computational Molecular Science · doi:10.1002/wcms.1408 · Cited by 25
Aceso: PICO-Guided Evidence Summarization on Medical Literature.
Zhang, X., Geng, P., Zhang, T., Lu, Q., Gao, P., & Mei, J. (2020) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2020.2984704 · Cited by 25
Yao, H., Guan, J., & Liu, T. (2020) · Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology · doi:10.1142/s0219720020400107 · Cited by 23
Learning Invariant Representations of Social Media Users
Andrews, N., & Bishop, M. (2019) · Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/d19-1178 · Cited by 19
Healthwalks: sensing fine-grained individual health condition via mobility data
Lin, Z., Lyu, S., Cao, H., Xu, F., Wei, Y., Samet, H., & Li, Y. (2020) · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies · doi:10.1145/3432229 · Cited by 18
TE-G-SAGE: Explainable Edge-Aware Graph Neural Networks for Network Intrusion Detection
Luša, R., Pintar, D., & Vranić, M. (2025) · Modelling · doi:10.3390/modelling6040165 · Cited by 15
Devarakonda, M. V., Mohanty, S., Sunkishala, R. R., Mallampalli, N., & Liu, X. (2024) · Journal of Biomedical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2024.104627 · Cited by 9
Chukwu, U., Dridi, R., Berwald, J., Booth, M., Dawson, J., Le, D., Wainger, M., & Reinhardt, S. P. (2020) · 2020 IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing Conference (HPEC) · doi:10.1109/hpec43674.2020.9286230 · Cited by 9
Fan, K., & Zhang, Y. (2020) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.00807 · Cited by 7
A Novel Framework for Enhancing Decision-Making in Autonomous Cyber Defense Through Graph Embedding
Wang, Z., Wang, Y., Xiong, X., Ren, Q., & Huang, J. (2025) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e27060622 · Cited by 7
The EFFECT benchmark suite: measuring cancer sensitivity prediction performance - without the bias
Szalai, B., Gáspár, I., Kaszás, V., Mérő, L., Sztilkovics, M., & Szalay, K. Z. (2023) · doi:10.1101/2023.10.02.560281 · Cited by 5
Data Organisation for Efficient Pattern Retrieval: Indexing, Storage, and Access Structures
Koukaras, P., & Tjortjis, C. (2025) · Big Data and Cognitive Computing · doi:10.3390/bdcc9100258 · Cited by 3
Link Prediction for Completing Graphical Software Models Using Neural Networks
Leblebici, O., Tuglular, T., & Belli, F. (2023) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2023.3323591 · Cited by 1
Adversarial Unsupervised Representation Learning for Activity Time-Series
Aggarwal, K., Joty, S., Fernandez-Luque, L., & Srivastava, J. (2019) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v33i01.3301834
Metadata
- Authors
- Grover, A., & Leskovec, J.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining
- Publisher
- ACM
- Published
- 2016-08-13
- Pages
- 855-864
- OpenAlex
- W2962756421
- Cited by
- 10,926
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 594 · 2025: 1153 · 2024: 1271 · 2023: 1349 · 2022: 1336 · 2021: 1660 · 2020: 1472 · 2019: 1183 · 2018: 663 · 2017: 217 · 2016: 23
- FWCI
- 367.64
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD) (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (U54EB020405)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Advanced Graph Neural Networks
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Complex Network Analysis Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computational Theory and Mathematics › Topological and Geometric Data Analysis
- Keywords
- node2vec, node representation learning, graph representation learning, biased random walk, node embeddings, graph neural networks, edge prediction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review