The DOI matches its Crossref record; 59 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 161 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design
Open accessAbstract
In this paper, we describe interdependence for assistive technology design, a frame developed to complement the traditional focus on independence in the Assistive Technology field. Interdependence emphasizes collaborative access and people with disabilities' important and often understated contribution in these efforts. We lay the foundation of this frame with literature from the academic discipline of Disability Studies and popular media contributed by contemporary disability justice activists. Then, drawing on cases from our own work, we show how the interdependence frame (1) synthesizes findings from a growing body of research in the Assistive Technology field and (2) helps us orient to additional technology design opportunities. We position interdependence as one possible orientation to, not a prescription for, research and design practice--one that opens new design possibilities and affirms our commitment to equal access for people with disabilities.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
The paper proposes interdependence as a complementary frame to independence in assistive technology research and design, emphasizing relational access and disabled people’s contributions. It develops four tenets and illustrates them through three cases and three AT research areas.
Key findings
- The authors define an interdependence frame with four tenets: attention to relations, recognition of simultaneous assistance, visibility of work done by people with disabilities, and disruption of ability-based hierarchies.
- They argue independence and interdependence are not mutually exclusive, citing rehabilitation scholarship that recommends teaching both in vocational programs.
- They apply the frame to three cases: two visually impaired shoppers navigating a store with a guide dog, three disabled coworkers in a public-sector office, and the Disability March organized alongside the 2017 Women’s March, which took place in over 400 U.S. cities.
- They identify implications for three AT areas: crowd work, Ability-Based Design, and navigation.
Methods
- Conceptual and position paper synthesizing literature from Disability Studies, disability justice activism, and assistive technology research.
- Three qualitative cases drawn from the authors’ research: a conversation transcript from field observations of two visually impaired shoppers, interviews and observations of three disabled team members in a workplace, and analysis of the Disability March blog/social media and participant accounts.
- Main analysis applies the four-tenet interdependence frame to the cases and discusses how it could expand existing AT research directions.
Limitations
- Stated limitations: Not stated in the paper; the authors do present interdependence as a possible lens rather than a required prescription.
- Evident from the text: the cases are small and illustrative—one transcript, three coworkers in one office, and one online march—so they do not provide generalizable findings.
- Evident from the text: the paper does not formally evaluate or compare the interdependence frame against alternative framings, and the cases come from the authors’ own work.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
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Claims the paper makes
94 Sources not found · 79 Own interpretation · 47 No basis given · 38 Own result · 2 Own method · 1 Not checked yet
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“William and Emily did not have to tell the other when they detected that their navigation strengths might be useful, or when the other might know what to do next.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Simultaneous Relations and Assistance
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In that moment, William and Emily did not want tools to emulate vision”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Visible Work and Challenging Hierarchies
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The outcome of her ongoing labor resulted in interdependency with nondisabled colleagues who began producing documents accessibly from the start.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > (Simultaneous) Relations
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Without full access to the numerous visual cues that may have orientated them, they instead leveraged resources they could make sense of.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Visible Work and Challenging Hierarchies
hedgeddirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Instead, they switched guiding one another seamlessly.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Simultaneous Relations and Assistance
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Through six years of ongoing engagement, Abby was able to demonstrate to remote colleagues that she was a “real” person who could be included in collaborations if only they would make small changes to workflows like creating accessible PDFs.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > (Simultaneous) Relations
boosteddirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Here, we found that Abby worked to develop relationships with colleagues who might be seen as gatekeepers to access.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > (Simultaneous) Relations
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Disability and access were central to the identity of the team in two ways.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Case 2: Working Out Interdependent Strengths
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and they did not consider assistance separate from just being together.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Visible Work and Challenging Hierarchies
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Others found opportunities to generate new access intimacies with strangers around their shared cause.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > (Simultaneous) Relations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Probably not a substantial claim. 152
- It may state two separate claims as one. 66
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We show that many recent studies within the AT field have already been aligning with these tenets”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 1. INTRODUCTION
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“from Jasmine who recalled the direction of the door after Emily's command to find it”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Simultaneous Relations and Assistance
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additionally, Emily has undergone extensive training and years working with her guide dog”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Simultaneous Relations and Assistance
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Bruce reported to Abby as her reader for half of his daily duties.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Case 2: Working Out Interdependent Strengths
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Through conversation, they asked each other for help, share access information, and check on one another's understanding of their progress.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Relations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“But their interdependence did not come immediately or outside other relationships.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > (Simultaneous) Relations
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It took Abby a long time to feel comfortable enough with Crissy to inquire about her appearance after eating.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > (Simultaneous) Relations
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and again from William who opened the door”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Simultaneous Relations and Assistance
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Abby and Crissy were not just assisting one another; they operated in more complex relations with other colleagues who offered different complementary strengths:”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > (Simultaneous) Relations
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This team was one small part of a much larger organization in which people with disabilities were a minority.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Case 2: Working Out Interdependent Strengths
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Specifically, Emily established that she would locate the door”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Simultaneous Relations and Assistance
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Warren could smell perfumes and slightly make out display counters”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Visible Work and Challenging Hierarchies
hedgedSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The second case comes from a professional workplace in the public sector.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Case 2: Working Out Interdependent Strengths
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The couple, William and Emily, are both visually impaired.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Case 1: Organic Interdependence on Aisle 3
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, the team's mission was to oversee disbursement of grant funding to address workplace accommodations and accessibility initiatives for state and local governments.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Case 2: Working Out Interdependent Strengths
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Crissy had more seniority and responsibility than Bruce”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Case 2: Working Out Interdependent Strengths
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Crissy described visual information while Abby pushed Crissy's wheelchair and grasped out-of-reach items.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > (Simultaneous) Relations
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Abby delegated work that both she and Crissy could technically do, but not as efficiently or accurately as Bruce.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > (Simultaneous) Relations
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and their navigation aids helped them to avoid obstacles.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Visible Work and Challenging Hierarchies
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“she was assisted by William who grounded their location after smelling and visually recognizing perfume counters”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Simultaneous Relations and Assistance
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the context of the organization, Abby was most senior.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Case 2: Working Out Interdependent Strengths
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The three members who worked most closely with one another represented a wide spectrum of ability: one was blind (Abby) and accompanied by a guide dog (Ali), another was hard of hearing (Bruce) and used hearing aids, and another was a wheelchair user (Crissy).”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Case 2: Working Out Interdependent Strengths
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“But analyzing how William and Emily communicated through an interdependence lens revealed rich insights from even a short transcript.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Visible Work and Challenging Hierarchies
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Second, every member of the team identified as having a disability.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Case 2: Working Out Interdependent Strengths
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Emily has no sight and she navigates with her guide dog, Jasmine.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Case 1: Organic Interdependence on Aisle 3
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Though the pair embraced”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > (Simultaneous) Relations
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“but was a slightly more junior mentee of Abby.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Case 2: Working Out Interdependent Strengths
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We witnessed their multiple relationships with one another and their environment working in concert toward helping them to find the door, and how they leveraged orientation and navigation strategies unsupported by the store's cues assuming customers would have full vision.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Visible Work and Challenging Hierarchies
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“But, she felt a security in both her career and her disability that allowed her to lean into interdependent relationships to achieve access.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > (Simultaneous) Relations
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Abby was aware that when she was less comfortable with her own strengths and weaknesses, she would have felt it a”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > (Simultaneous) Relations
hedgedconditionalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One unique aspect of this case when considered alongside research on guidance is that both William and Emily are visually impaired.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Visible Work and Challenging Hierarchies
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additionally, they related to things around them and their memories to find the door.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Relations
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this case, we see evidence of access intimacy where Emily and William and Emily and Jasmine work well together.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Simultaneous Relations and Assistance
plaincorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Crissy and Abby developed a relationship in which they are familiar with each other's abilities and find ways to work together that play to their strengths.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > (Simultaneous) Relations
plaincorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Work in the office was often collaboratively shared according to the strengths of each team member and negotiated to bring activities in alignment with interests of the collective.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > (Simultaneous) Relations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“William has a full field of very little sight and he navigates with a white cane.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Case 1: Organic Interdependence on Aisle 3
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and as partners, the two have developed attunement such that Emily could give Jasmine commands mid conversation with William.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Simultaneous Relations and Assistance
hedgeddirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rather than striving for a march experience that directly replicated the physical march, these organizers identified the critical roles of asynchrony and multimedia in communicating around accessibility and embedded these values into their platform.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Visible Work
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We find here that Abby did not rank herself with Bruce according to their abilities; in fact, she considered such a metric irrelevant when they could do something together.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Challenging Hierarchies
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Frustrated by the inaccessibility of “marching” and hoping to ensure representation of women with disabilities in the movement, a group of mostly-female advocacy writers (who were already connected online around their shared health conditions) conceptualized and ran a “Disability March.””
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Case 3: Interdependent Activism at a Distance
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants made clear that accessibility was achieved “together,” “with” each other, and without one partner controlling the other.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Challenging Hierarchies
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All of the work of the Disability March was conceived, organized, and executed by people with disabilities, and the two core organizers we spoke with identified as female and queer, respectively.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Visible Work
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Disability March was created to reach a wide audience of observers, consisting of both people with and without disabilities.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > (Simultaneous) Relations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our inquiry also surfaced contemporary scholarship and activism that offers a complementary frame, interdependence.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 5. DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants attended the Disability March to join in the communal expression of outrage that participation in the Women's March signified, and to support the marchers attending the event in person.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > (Simultaneous) Relations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Often, they invited other people with disabilities from their own networks to join the Disability March, broadening the reach of their own stories and building the collective.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > (Simultaneous) Relations
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Abby was forthcoming that her seniority increased her comfort to ask for and accept help from colleagues.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Challenging Hierarchies
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Disability March was initiated by members of an existing collective of writers with chronic illness.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Visible Work
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The three coworkers reported to supervisors in a traditional managerial hierarchy.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Challenging Hierarchies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“People with disabilities contributed their stories, sharing their unique lived experience with people without disabilities who might not have access to their expertise otherwise.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > (Simultaneous) Relations
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Many organizers began as participants, but were drawn into more formal roles in which they could support the organization through the skills they brought with them.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > (Simultaneous) Relations
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our inquiry demonstrates the important role independence has played in orienting toward disability, specifically for advancing disabled peoples' claim to basic human rights.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 5. DISCUSSION
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, this process required a large amount of invisible work and coordination among organizers, which may not have been recognized by most Women's March participants.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Visible Work
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“William and Emily's access needs changed as they traversed the store (Case 1), but their experiences relating with one another kept the navigation from presenting significant barriers.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 5.2 Ability-Based Design and Interdependence
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Oliver contrasted the social model with the individual model”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 2. DISABILITY, INDEPENDENCE, AND INTERDEPENDENCE Models of Disability
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [42]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interdependence emphasizes collaborative access and people with disabilities' important and often understated contribution in these efforts.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This model asserts that disability is a dysfunction of the body that should be cured, and that it is an individual's responsibility to adapt to an inaccessible world.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 2. DISABILITY, INDEPENDENCE, AND INTERDEPENDENCE Models of Disability
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [42]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In these studies, access is not only a solution to a disability-related barrier; it is a way of being together and helping one another.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 1. INTRODUCTION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Disabled activists and scholars from disciplines spanning Disability Studies and Rehabilitation Medicine have begun to interrogate the meaning of independence, identify its potential negative impacts, and offer complementary framings [12,17,21,22,25,32,[35][36][37][38]40,41,58].”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 1. INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [12,17,21,22,25,32,[35][36][37][38]40,41,58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Specifically, assistive devices can portray users as vulnerable or incapable, leading to awkward social interactions and minimal use even when the technology enables autonomy [7,30,43,48,49,54,64].”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 1. INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [30]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [43]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [48]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [49]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [54]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [64]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“This model was first articulated by disability rights activists, and later introduced to the field of Disability Studies by Mike Oliver [42] to better represent views of people with disabilities.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 2. DISABILITY, INDEPENDENCE, AND INTERDEPENDENCE Models of Disability
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [42]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“At the same time, AT researchers have documented people with disabilities working together with others to improve access at work [7,8], during team sports [11], in face-to-face communication [13], and when using educational materials [55].”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 1. INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [8]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [11]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“This model asserts that disability is a dysfunction of the body that should be cured, and that it is an individual's responsibility to adapt to an inaccessible world.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 2. DISABILITY, INDEPENDENCE, AND INTERDEPENDENCE Models of Disability
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [42]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Even when the goal is not explicitly stated, researchers and practitioners tacitly agree that “all accessible computing approaches share a common goal of improving independence, access, and quality of life for people with disabilities” [60].”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 1. INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The Independent Living Movement declared that all people have equal worth, all people can and should make choices about their lives, and people with disabilities have the right to participate in public to the degree that nondisabled people can [2].”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Disability and Independence
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [2]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Led predominantly by LGBTQ people of color”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [25,[35][36][37]50]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Disability justice activist Mia Mingus argues that independence is a myth.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [35]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The Independent Living Movement declared that all people have equal worth, all people can and should make choices about their lives, and people with disabilities have the right to participate in public to the degree that nondisabled people can [2].”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Disability and Independence
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [2]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“In contrast, Oliver's social model locates disability within society, and asserts that quality of life for disabled people can be increased by removing physical and social barriers, improving attitudes, and anticipating the presence of people with disabilities in design and planning.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 2. DISABILITY, INDEPENDENCE, AND INTERDEPENDENCE Models of Disability
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [42]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Part of the collective's work is to help disabled community members find trustworthy access partners.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [50]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“In contrast, Oliver's social model locates disability within society, and asserts that quality of life for disabled people can be increased by removing physical and social barriers, improving attitudes, and anticipating the presence of people with disabilities in design and planning.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 2. DISABILITY, INDEPENDENCE, AND INTERDEPENDENCE Models of Disability
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [42]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“their disability justice primer suggests sharing routes home to stay safe, dividing access-related tasks according to group members' strengths, and being flexible to dynamic access needs such as offering remote attendance [50].”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [50]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“While acknowledging the importance of the Independent Living Movement, some Disability Studies scholars and activists critique its focus on independence as the main goal of accessibility [25,50].”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [25]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [50]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Modern activist groups, like The Disability Justice Collective in the San Francisco Bay Area, use the term”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [25,[35][36][37]50]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The Independent Living Movement declared that all people have equal worth, all people can and should make choices about their lives, and people with disabilities have the right to participate in public to the degree that nondisabled people can [2].”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Disability and Independence
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [2]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“The movement transformed how disability was interpreted and supported outside communities of disabled people [2,14] and led to significant legal advances and protections for people with disabilities.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Disability and Independence
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [2]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [14]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Historically, people with disabilities have often been isolated from society, either living at home under the care of family or living in institutions in the care of the state--where”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Disability and Independence
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [20]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [23]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In other words, disability is not located within the blind person or the presentation slides, but in the blind person's relationships to other people, objects, and customs.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 2. DISABILITY, INDEPENDENCE, AND INTERDEPENDENCE Models of Disability
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Some go further to argue that emphasizing selfsufficiency can do harm to all people, disproportionately impacting people with disabilities [12].”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [12]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“While the term interdependence has not been used in AT literature, the concept has long been discussed in Disability Studies and disability justice circles.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“This type of close relationship development in the process of providing interdependent access has been called access intimacy by disabled activist Mia Mingus [37].”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [37]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“In the context of this movement,”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Disability and Independence
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [67]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [28]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [46]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [47]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“For example, in the very first issue of the Disability Studies Reader, published in 1997, Feminist Disability Studies scholar Susan Wendell argued that a culture based in”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“They taught each other strategies for advocating access and living on their own, removed structural barriers around campus, ran a wheelchair repair shop, and built a network of trusted attendant care providers that disabled students could hire [47].”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [47]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Assistance and relationship maintenance were intertwined-while nondisabled partners were happy to help their partners with disabilities, both parties sometimes found acts of assisting interfered with other important factors in their relationship.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence can Reveal Simultaneous Relations and Assistance
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [8]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Identifying relevant relations will provide insight into interactions, but interdependence also makes available the possibility that there might be simultaneous relations impacting a particular moment.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence can Reveal Simultaneous Relations and Assistance
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The important relations that can be identified through an interdependence framing do not just include relations between people and assistive technologies, but also those between people in situations where assistive technologies are not used.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence Allows Us to See Relations
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This means that some people provide access support while receiving it, and multiple types of access support are provided during one event.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence can Reveal Simultaneous Relations and Assistance
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [25]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Traditionally, society has viewed people with disabilities as being worth less than their nondisabled counterparts [15], so their actions and contributions are often ranked lower in a hierarchy of importance.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence can Challenge Ability-Based Hierarchies
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [15]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Sighted employees pervasively misunderstood access needs, and office spaces and cultures still proved inaccessible.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence can Reveal the Work Done by People with Disabilities
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“draws out the often-underwritten contributions of people with disabilities”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 3. DEFINING INTERDEPENDENCE FOR THE ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY FIELD
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Yet, gendered histories of power make Kelly feel vulnerable and out of place when she takes Killian into men's restrooms.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Independence or Interdependence?
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [22]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Their partnership brings out Killian as not a passive recipient of care, but equal and active in cultivating friendship.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Independence or Interdependence?
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [22]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Rehabilitation medicine scholars [58] recommended that vocational rehabilitation programs for people with disabilities teach interdependence alongside independence.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Independence or Interdependence?
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“In articulating the political/relational model, Alison Kafer describes disability not as a static entity but as”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence Allows Us to See Relations
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“This work identified ways in which much navigation research seeks to facilitate”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence Allows Us to See Relations
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Disability Studies scholar Christine Kelly [22] described the possibilities and pitfalls of interdependence in her”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Independence or Interdependence?
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [22]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, since interdependence considers everyone mutually reliant, it asserts that people with and without disabilities are equal.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence can Challenge Ability-Based Hierarchies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Interdependence considers everyone and everything in an interaction to be mutually reliant.
- The authors state this as an assumption: People with and without disabilities are equal.
In the paper
“She explicitly acknowledged the ways in which Killian simultaneously supports her through their relationship, acting with care to identify what she is capable of providing and how it will impact their friendship.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence can Reveal Simultaneous Relations and Assistance
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [22]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, interdependence centers relations between those things that make and define disability and access.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence Allows Us to See Relations
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Identifying relevant relations will provide insight into interactions, but interdependence also makes available the possibility that there might be simultaneous relations impacting a particular moment.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence can Reveal Simultaneous Relations and Assistance
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An interdependence frame (1) focuses on relations”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 3. DEFINING INTERDEPENDENCE FOR THE ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY FIELD
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By attending to simultaneous relations, we can also view how else people are connecting during assistive interactions.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence can Reveal Simultaneous Relations and Assistance
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Access in this setting also includes how people with disabilities operate with technologies, communicate their needs, and manage their AT-mediated interactions in hopes of presenting themselves professionally.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence can Reveal the Work Done by People with Disabilities
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“helps us make sense of multiple forms of assistance happening simultaneously”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 3. DEFINING INTERDEPENDENCE FOR THE ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY FIELD
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With an interdependence framing, we can characterize the accessibility of a situation with respect to a broader range of influential factors that lead to them.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence Allows Us to See Relations
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Relationships between people can pre-date requests for access help, or become more complex through assistive interactions themselves.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence can Reveal Simultaneous Relations and Assistance
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Science and Technology Studies scholars Moser and Law [41] described how a wheelchair user's travel plans went awry when their train arrived with a broken wheelchair lift.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Independence or Interdependence?
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [41]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“can help disassemble hierarchies that prefer ability”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 3. DEFINING INTERDEPENDENCE FOR THE ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY FIELD
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“She is sometimes paid to provide care for a man, Killian, who is also a close friend.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Independence or Interdependence?
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [22]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In AT research, studying relations can help nuance the individual experiences often reported in our findings.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence Allows Us to See Relations
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Rests on an assumption: AT research often reports individual experiences in its findings.
In the paper
“Disabled activists including Nomy Lamm [25] who write about collective access describe it as an ongoing process where everyone supports one another.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence can Reveal Simultaneous Relations and Assistance
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [25]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studying how everything and everyone involved in assistance is relating with one another can emerge opportunities for supporting smoother interactions.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence Allows Us to See Relations
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Their companionship has honed an attunement among them, elevating her job responsibilities from completing instrumental tasks to an interdependent mingling of providing care and being together.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Independence or Interdependence?
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [22]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An interdependence framing can help us more adequately represent everyone's needs and contributions and encourages us to focus more attention on the practices that people with disabilities engage in to cocreate accessibility with their peers.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence can Reveal the Work Done by People with Disabilities
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Interdependence considers everyone and everything in an interaction to be mutually reliant.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Recognizing this helps us to not compare their strategies to those that sighted people might use, but to think about how technology may support strategies that already work for them.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Visible Work and Challenging Hierarchies
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Taking any aspect of their interaction on its own would leave out important factors that contributed to William and Emily's accomplishment.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Visible Work and Challenging Hierarchies
hedgeddirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Considering the multiple relationships helps us to understand the assistance as situated and personal to them.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Simultaneous Relations and Assistance
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this way, William, Emily, and Jasmine each scaffolded assistance.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Simultaneous Relations and Assistance
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This foregrounds the important work each did to assist in finding the exit.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Visible Work and Challenging Hierarchies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With this in mind, an interdependence framing can help us to contribute research that pushes back on these histories with not only accessible designs but also designs which give attention to and challenge ability-based hierarchies.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence can Challenge Ability-Based Hierarchies
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Interdependence considers everyone and everything in an interaction to be mutually reliant.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Each took information from the other to generate new information”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Simultaneous Relations and Assistance
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The scope of study was three members of a team comprising roughly ten colleagues, who work closely with one another in nearby cubicles.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Case 2: Working Out Interdependent Strengths
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Instead, they are assumed integral to interdependent interactions for bringing valued perspective and skill regardless of whether they are assisting, being assisted, or doing both.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence can Challenge Ability-Based Hierarchies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Interdependence considers everyone and everything in an interaction to be mutually reliant.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This scenario shows how relating to one another and the environment made finding the door possible.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Simultaneous Relations and Assistance
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Even when Abby worked with a nondisabled colleague in another unit of the company, an interdependence framing helps us see the contributions made by both parties:”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > (Simultaneous) Relations
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An interdependence framing also classifies the nondominant strategies they used as legitimate information sources to draw from in providing assistance.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Visible Work and Challenging Hierarchies
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interdependence seeks to break out of this circular problem by explicitly valuing people, including those with disabilities, from the outset for who they are and irrespective of their abilities or assistive technologies they use.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence can Challenge Ability-Based Hierarchies
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Interdependence considers everyone and everything in an interaction to be mutually reliant.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“trying to understand anyone's relationship in isolation would omit important details of how they left the store.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Simultaneous Relations and Assistance
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Instead, it was their relations with one another and their environment along with undertaking strategies available that revealed informative nuances of a seemingly unremarkable act of exiting a store.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Visible Work and Challenging Hierarchies
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rather, our research could pinpoint specific ways to support their process.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Visible Work and Challenging Hierarchies
hedgedconditionalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet it is impossible to understand the process without considering that William, Emily, and Jasmine were simultaneously relating and providing access.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Simultaneous Relations and Assistance
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Each was using the resources available to them to make sense of the environment for everyone.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Simultaneous Relations and Assistance
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the examples above, making visible the work done by people with disabilities is integral for researchers and the participants.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Visible Work
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Collectively, they exemplify the flexible application of an interdependence frame to interpret how accessibility is made by people, including those with disabilities, in everyday situations.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 4. APPLYING THE INTERDEPENDENCE FRAME: THREE CASES
plainn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is clear from this vignette that William, Emily, and Jasmine are in relation with one another and the store to find the exit.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Relations
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This conversation provides a momentary snapshot from an entire day of shopping.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Visible Work and Challenging Hierarchies
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Applying our interdependence lens, we learn how access occurs through interactions that are not just about getting something done.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 5. DISCUSSION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Disability March demonstrates a great deal of the relational work of interdependence amongst the march's participants, observers, and organizers.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > (Simultaneous) Relations
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interdependence emphasizes how myriad people and devices come together to build access, with special attention to acknowledging the work of people with disabilities.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 5. DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This paper is the first attempt we know of in the Assistive Technology community to articulate the origins and meanings of the term independence as it pertains to people with disabilities.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 5. DISCUSSION
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, like the disability justice activists, interdependence was not an abstract frame for researchers to apply to observations; participants lived collaborative accessibility and described it in such terms.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Challenging Hierarchies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An interdependence reading of their collaboration, however, illuminates how their situation both perpetuates and disrupts traditional professional and abilitybased hierarchies.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Challenging Hierarchies
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“We propose that an interdependence frame can synthesize recent scholarly contributions from within the AT field, which increasingly emphasize social dimensions of accessibility (e.g., [48,49,54,59,64]).”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 5. DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [48]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [49]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [54]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [64]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Not matched
In the paper
“In reflection, many Women's March attendees again emphasized the importance of their attendance in person, commenting that “I just felt so empowered being there” or “I felt the need to show up with my body and my voice.”( [33], emphasis added).”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Case 3: Interdependent Activism at a Distance
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [33]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This mixed audience again fosters the mutual reliance that is core to interdependence.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > (Simultaneous) Relations
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By joining the Disability March, these individuals both contributed to and were shaped by the larger movement.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > (Simultaneous) Relations
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Disability March was a tangible reminder from disabled women that their voices and their representation mattered just as much as the able-bodied women who could attend events in person.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Challenging Hierarchies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Costs associated with this model, along with exciting innovations in AI, have nudged future directions for this work toward minimizing human assistance [31,63].”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 5.1 Crowd Work and Interdependence
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [31]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [63]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This march was likely more successful because of the insights contributed by disabled organizers and helped the original Women's March better recognize the limitations of in-person marching.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Visible Work
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rather, access is entangled with being and doing together when shopping, working, or even protesting.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 5. DISCUSSION
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Examining an event with an interdependence lens gives us the awareness that people with disabilities can be organizers and initiators of movements, rather than passive participants or beneficiaries of others' activism.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Challenging Hierarchies
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These organizers operated as agents of accessibility, rather than recipients of it, developing a satellite movement to fit their own needs and abilities.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Visible Work
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This project fostered connections between members of the movement, strengthening its coherency and broadening its presence.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > (Simultaneous) Relations
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, a “march” demands that participants be able to execute a certain set of physical abilities (including standing and moving throughout the streets) and involves many sensory stimuli that might trigger symptoms.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Case 3: Interdependent Activism at a Distance
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While their companions often had to take the role of “caregiver” in these travels, their attendance was mutually reliant, building a larger coalition together.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > (Simultaneous) Relations
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Organizers and attendees highlighted the importance of physical presence at the march and the need to “stand together in solidarity” [66].”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Case 3: Interdependent Activism at a Distance
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [66]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“For example, Aira [31], a visual interpreting subscription-based service, released smart glasses with OCR capabilities.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 5.1 Crowd Work and Interdependence
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [31]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“System names like “BeMyEyes” [68] minimize the role of blind individuals by framing them as passive recipients of assistance.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 5.1 Crowd Work and Interdependence
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [68]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We have demonstrated how an interdependence frame can widen existing areas of AT research.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 5.3 Navigation and Interdependence
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, pervasive inaccessibility of crowd work platforms significantly impedes full participation of people with disabilities.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 5.1 Crowd Work and Interdependence
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We demonstrated the frame's benefits by applying it to three cases from our research and three emergent areas of AT research: crowd work, Ability-Based Design, and navigation.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 6. CONCLUSION
boosteddirectn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interdependence (1) considers access to be relational and (2) simultaneous, (3) highlights the contributions of people with disabilities, and (4) challenges traditional hierarchies of ability.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 6. CONCLUSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While some view online activities as slactivism, relating with a community of disabled remote marchers legitimized their contributions, raising their confidence that disability could represent an important perspective in political organizing.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 5.2 Ability-Based Design and Interdependence
hedgeddirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At the same time, though task completers are called “workers,” after the completed task is returned to the requester, their contribution disappears.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 5.1 Crowd Work and Interdependence
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because Ability-Based Design focuses on users' independent interactions with systems, other people and devices who enact assistance are grouped in the broad category of “context.””
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 5.2 Ability-Based Design and Interdependence
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“A second thread of research addresses the viability of crowd work as a source of income and volunteerism for older adults [9,24] and people with disabilities [27,53,56,65].”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 5.1 Crowd Work and Interdependence
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [24]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [27]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [53]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [56]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [65]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Navigation aids, whether or not developed with people with disabilities in mind, tend to focus on directing a user to a destination.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 5.3 Navigation and Interdependence
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“For example, they found that a device guiding a blind user into the wrong store was not consequential to them, but entering the preferred bathroom for their gender identity was of paramount importance.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 5.3 Navigation and Interdependence
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While interdependence can be critical of the limitations of previous independencefocused research, it is also generative, encapsulating a method for transferring the relational assistance we have observed into actionable directions for AT research.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 5.3 Navigation and Interdependence
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“An influential approach for designing assistive technologies has been Wobbrock et al.'s Ability-Based Design [60].”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 5.2 Ability-Based Design and Interdependence
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Unlike predominant themes in AT research which attempt to minimize errors altogether, they contend that navigation systems will not be error free, so they instead direct research to support contextappropriate error and safety management processes for users with disabilities.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 5.3 Navigation and Interdependence
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Past research [59] found crossability navigation assistance was not always joyfully done; sighted people misunderstood how to best assist blind walking partners.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 5.3 Navigation and Interdependence
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet, independence and interdependence can coexist as dual goals for accessibility.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 5.1 Crowd Work and Interdependence
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We present interdependence as a frame not to guide designing for people with disabilities from a distance, but by them, as its introduction into the ASSETS community is indebted to their lived experience, activism, and scholarship.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 6. CONCLUSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While some allow users to select stops along the way, the task of navigating is largely presented as one in which a user follows instructions from a technology, with destination arrival as the metric for success.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 5.3 Navigation and Interdependence
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Accessible navigation has long been a focus of AT research [10,18,29].”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 5.3 Navigation and Interdependence
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [10]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [18]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [29]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, advancements in object recognition present OCR systems as replacements for human assistance.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 5.1 Crowd Work and Interdependence
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As such, crowd work solutions can be seen as an early means of amassing ground truth data to train machine learning models for fully-automated tools.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 5.1 Crowd Work and Interdependence
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Findings show that members of this population are interested and capable of doing the work.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 5.1 Crowd Work and Interdependence
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this way, the values of independence that are bolstered by Ability-Based designs can be considered alongside interdependency.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 5.2 Ability-Based Design and Interdependence
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We introduced interdependence as a complementary frame for AT researchers.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 6. CONCLUSION
plainn = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Ability-Based Design contends that technologies should be responsive to each user's unique interaction capabilities, and that AT researchers should design systems that are appropriate for multiple users and contexts.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 5.2 Ability-Based Design and Interdependence
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper relies on this without support.
There has yet to be an exploration of the meaning of independence in the AT community.
“To our knowledge, there has yet to be an exploration of this kind in the AT community.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The individual model was the prominent conception of disability at the time.
“Oliver contrasted the social model with the individual model, the prominent conception of disability at the time.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The term 'interdependence' has not been used in AT literature.
“While the term interdependence has not been used in AT literature, the concept has long been discussed in Disability Studies and disability justice circles.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Some scholars have adopted a view that interdependent relationships are necessary to achieve access.
“Amid critiques, some scholars have adopted a view that interdependent relationships are necessary to achieve access.”
The paper relies on this without support.
For people with disabilities, asserting independence has been and remains an important step toward equal rights.
“For people with disabilities, asserting independence has been and remains an important step toward equal rights.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Independence and interdependence are not dichotomous or mutually exclusive.
“First, independence and interdependence are not dichotomous or mutually exclusive.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Interdependence is not necessarily better than independence.
“Second, interdependence is not necessarily better than independence, and the following examples elucidate these complexities.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Instilling interdependence establishes people with disabilities as contributors to, not just recipients of, community support and assistance.
“But, instilling interdependence establishes them as contributors to--not just recipients of--community support and assistance.”
The paper relies on this without support.
AT research often reports individual experiences in its findings.
“In AT research, studying relations can help nuance the individual experiences often reported in our findings.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
Interdependence considers everyone and everything in an interaction to be mutually reliant.
“Since interdependence considers everyone and everything in an interaction to be mutually reliant”
“since interdependence considers everyone mutually reliant”
The authors state this as an assumption.
People with and without disabilities are equal.
“it asserts that people with and without disabilities are equal.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The Disability March draws on early disability rights protests in which activists self-organized to ensure that their access needs were met appropriately.
“First, the Disability March itself draws on the early disability rights protests -a group of activists self-organizing to ensure that their access needs were met appropriately.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“These innovations reflect a fundamental shift in recent scholarship from accommodation models toward frameworks of interdependence and participatory design, which recognize that all researchers rely on tools, collaborators, and infrastructures, making accessibility a universal rather than special concern [8, 74].”
From "I Don't Trust Any Professional Research Tool": A Re-Imagination of Knowledge Production Workflows by, with, and for Blind and Low-Vision Researchers (2026) · cites this paper as [8]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“To alleviate such burdens, researchers have proposed that workplaces could benefit from incorporating an interdependence framework that emphasizes collaborative accessibility, viewing access as a shared responsibility instead of an individual one [5, 75, 76].”
From Accessibility-Driven Information Transformations in Mixed-Visual Ability Work Teams (2026) · cites this paper as [5]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This pattern exemplifies interdependence [8]: collaborative access strategies overcome immediate barriers while potentially creating new dependencies.”
From "I Don't Trust Any Professional Research Tool": A Re-Imagination of Knowledge Production Workflows by, with, and for Blind and Low-Vision Researchers (2026) · cites this paper as [8]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Our findings revealed that collaborative note-taking facilitated by EmoBridge evoked a sense of interdependence, a framework that emphasizes collaborative access and the contributions of people with disabilities in a task [2].”
From EmoBridge: Bridging the Communication Gap between Students with Disabilities and Peer Note-Takers Utilizing Emojis and Real-Time Sharing (2024) · cites this paper as [2]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“According to the Interdependence Theory, technology should not only aim to empower the individual but also address socio-technical and cultural barriers [11], which is also in line with feminist critics around empowerment talk [4, 74].”
From Rethinking “Empowering Technology” in Higher Education Accessibility: A Case Study of Disabled Students’ Experiences at a German University (2026) · cites this paper as [11]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence can Reveal the Work Done by People with Disabilities
“Branham and Kane [7] documented the ways blind employees do their jobs in mixed ability workplaces.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > References
“7. Erin Brady, Meredith Ringel Morris, Yu Zhong, Samuel White, and Jeffrey P Bigham. 2013. Visual challenges in the everyday lives of blind people.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > 1. INTRODUCTION
“the gold standard of wayfinding applications for people who are blind has long been "independent navigation" [10,18,29].”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > References
“10. Robin Brewer, Meredith Ringel Morris, and Anne Marie Piper. 2016. Why would anybody do this?: Understanding older adults' motivations and challenges in crowd work.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Interdependence can Reveal Simultaneous Relations and Assistance
“Branham and Kane's exploration of mixed-ability co-habitants [8]”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > References
“8. Stacy M. Branham and Shaun K. Kane. 2015. The invisible work of accessibility: how blind employees manage accessibility in mixed-ability workplaces.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Visible Work and Challenging Hierarchies
“Warren could smell perfumes and slightly make out display counters, and their navigation aids helped them to avoid obstacles.”
§ Interdependence as a Frame for Assistive Technology Research and Design > Case 1: Organic Interdependence on Aisle 3
“The couple, William and Emily, are both visually impaired.”
Citations
Cites
Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity
(1969) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.45.527.642 · Cited by 14,255
Kafer, A. (2013) · doi:10.2979/6841.0 · Cited by 2,131
Layers of Silence, Arenas of Voice: The Ecology of Visible and Invisible Work
Star, S. L., & Strauss, A. (1999) · Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1023/a:1008651105359 · Cited by 1,500
No Pity: People with Disabilities Forging a New Civil Rights Movement
Leighty, C. A., & Shapiro, J. P. (1994) · Michigan Law Review · doi:10.2307/1289622 · Cited by 771
The New Disability History: American Perspectives
Trent, J. W., Longmore, P. K., & Umansky, L. (2002) · Journal of American History · doi:10.2307/2700798 · Cited by 668
Wobbrock, J. O., Kane, S. K., Gajos, K. Z., Harada, S., & Froehlich, J. E. (2011) · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing · doi:10.1145/1952383.1952384 · Cited by 643
VizWiz: nearly real-time answers to visual questions
Bigham, J. P., Jayant, C., Ji, H., Little, G., Miller, A., Miller, R. C., Miller, R., Tatarowicz, A., White, B., White, S., et al. (2010) · Proceedings of the 23nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology · doi:10.1145/1866029.1866080 · Cited by 601
Bigham, J. P., Jayant, C., Ji, H., Little, G., Miller, A. E., Miller, R. C., Tatarowicz, A., White, B., White, S., & YEH, T. P. (2010) · International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A) · doi:10.1145/1805986.1806020 · Cited by 536
Building Access: Universal Design and the Politics of Disability
Liebermann, W. K. (2018) · Journal of Design History · doi:10.1093/jdh/epy023 · Cited by 500
In the shadow of misperception: assistive technology use and social interactions
Shinohara, K., & Wobbrock, J. O. (2011) · Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/1978942.1979044 · Cited by 495
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Dom Chatterjee . 2018 . Independence is an Ableist Myth: Unlocking the Power of Community in Healing. The Body is Not An Apology . Retrieved February 22, 2018 from https://thebodyisnotanapology.com/magazine/independence-is-an-ableist-myth-unlocking-the-power-of-community-in-healing/ Dom Chatterjee. 2018. Independence is an Ableist Myth: Unlocking the Power of Community in Healing. The Body is Not An Apology. Retrieved February 22, 2018 from https://thebodyisnotanapology.com/magazine/independence-is-an-ableist-myth-unlocking-the-power-of-community-in-healing/
- Nomy Lamm . This Is Disability Justice. The Body is Not An Apol . Retrieved April 12, 2018 from https://thebodyisnotanapology.com/magazine/this-is-disability-justice/ Nomy Lamm. This Is Disability Justice. The Body is Not An Apol. Retrieved April 12, 2018 from https://thebodyisnotanapology.com/magazine/this-is-disability-justice/
- 10.1145/2702123.2702437 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 410
Abe, Y., Matsushima, K., Hara, K., Sakamoto, D., & Ono, T. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3714284 · Cited by 10
"Like a Love Language": Understanding Communication in Disabled LGBTQIA+ Romantic Relationships
Crawford, K. A., & Hamidi, F. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713195 · Cited by 10
“…theory offers a complementary framework for designing ability-focused ATs, emphasizing that access is not solely determined by individual ability or technology but by the dynamic interaction between the user, the technology, and the social and physical environments in which they operate [11].”
InfluentialSuchanek, O., Meissner, J. L., Angelini, R., & Spiel, K. (2025) · Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713202 · Cited by 7
“This is in line with questioning the norms behind access provision logics (cf. [97]) and acknowledging the interdependent nature of collaborative en-deavours [14].”
Beyond Omakase: Designing Shared Control for Navigation Robots with Blind People
Kamikubo, R., Kayukawa, S., Kaniwa, Y., Wang, A., Kacorri, H., Takagi, H., & Asakawa, C. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3714112 · Cited by 6
India, G., Robinson, S., Pearson, J. S., Morrison, C. P., & Jones, M. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713107 · Cited by 10
“Drawing on Bennett et al.’s Interdependence framework [11], our study findings highlight the limitations of designing assistive technologies, like camera-based OR apps, that assume users with disabilities operate in isolation from their social, cultural, and environmental contexts.”
InfluentialLewis, A., Martinez, J. J., Das, M., & Fogarty, J. A. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713784 · Cited by 10
“This invisible complex labor [4, 12, 78] of assessment also contributes additional cognitive and temporal costs.”
Johnson, J., Lewis, A., Mankoff, J. C., & Banner, O. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3790652 · Cited by 8
Experience-Sharing to Support Inclusive Travel for Blind and Partially Sighted People
Bandukda, M., Azmi, A., Xiao, L., & Holloway, C. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16208827 · Cited by 6
Access InContext: Futuring Accessible Prototyping Tools and Methods
Piedade, P., Hayton, P. A., Bennett, C. L., Carter, A. R. L., Crivellaro, C., Dix, A. J., McGowan, J., Spiel, K., Sturdee, M., Tigwell, G. W., et al. (2025) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3706599.3706716 · Cited by 7
“Furthermore, the lack of accessible tools and methods excludes people with disabilities from fully participating in design processes, perpetuating ableism and limiting innovation.”
Self-citationLi, F. M., Chen, D. L., Fan, M., & Truong, K. N. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2101.09348 · Cited by 49
E Pluribus Unum: Using Conceptual Metaphor Theory to Explore and Support Mixed-Ability Workplaces
Cafaro, F., Brady, E. L., Chandra, S., Patil, U., & Saxena, A. (2021) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3479528 · Cited by 8
“Recent papers at ASSETS [7] and CSCW [74] have begun to unpack the social processes through which collaborators with and without disabilities negotiate their access needs, and work at CHI has examined accessible collaborative cultures and practices in diverse settings, such as higher education [43] and recreational ac…”
BackgroundSelf-citationMcDonnell, E. J. (2022) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3517428.3550417 · Cited by 7
“, [5, 6, 18, 50, 63]) as well as frst-person accounts of disabled researchers’ experiences (e.”
BackgroundZorzi, S., Dalmonego, C., Vreese, L. P. D., & Gomiero, T. (2023) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/jir.13028 · Cited by 6
AccessLens: Auto-detecting Inaccessibility of Everyday Objects
Kwon, N., Lu, Q., Qazi, M. H., Liu, J., Oh, C., Kong, S., & Kim, J. (2024) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3613904.3642767 · Cited by 6
Prado, Y., & Warschauer, M. (2024) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/14295.001.0001 · Cited by 6
Deinstitutionalizing Independence
Storer, K. M., & Branham, S. M. (2021) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3441852.3471213 · Cited by 7
“Many critical theories of disability, particularly those employed in AC, focus on where disability exists or is produced—in the body or in socio-material infrastructures [67], in both body and sociomaterial infrastructures [40], or in interactions between bodies and socio-material infrastructures [12], to name only a…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationAccessibility Work in Academia: Balancing Needs, Bridging Gaps, and Breaking Down Barriers
Ly, C. K., Cross, T., Petterson, A., Pandey, I., & Chandra, P. (2025) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3757454 · Cited by 5
“Bennett et al. argue that because interdependence "considers everyone and everything in an interaction to be mutually reliant, this framing can foreground some of the historically-ignored (but extremely important) work done by people with disabilities" [10].”
InfluentialRethinking Productivity with GenAI: A Neurodivergent Students' Perspective
Jamshed, H., Naseem, M., Potluri, V., & Brewer, R. N. (2025) · Proceedings of the 27th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility · doi:10.1145/3663547.3746329 · Cited by 5
“…for understanding accessible technologies, such as interdependence that cautions against the focus of assistive technology on independence [13, 40] or crip HCI that positions disabled users as knowledge creators and co-designers instead of passive recipients of accessibility interventions…”
Help and The Social Construction of Access: A Case-Study from India
Kameswaran, V., Robinson, J., Sambasivan, N., Aggarwal, G., & Morris, M. R. (2024) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3663548.3675606 · Cited by 6
“Frameworks like interdependence should also be extended to include culture as a key sensitizing dimension when examining the lived experiences of people with disabilities [8].”
InfluentialCurtis, H., Beneteau, E., Cutrell, E. B., Ford, D., Junuzovic, S., Paradiso, A., Tang, J. C., & Mott, M. E. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713193 · Cited by 7
"Put Your Hands Up": How Joint Attention Is Initiated Between Blind Children And Their Sighted Peers
Jones, K. M., Grayson, M., Morrison, C. P., Leonards, U., & Metatla, O. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3714005 · Cited by 6
“This triad includes not only the BVI and sighted individuals but also the potential JA objects, concepts, and the technology that mediates their interactions [11].”
Modeling Accessibility: Characterizing What We Mean by “Accessible”
Mack, K., Martinez, J. J., Lewis, A., Mankoff, J. C., Fogarty, J. A., Findlater, L., Evans, H., Bennett, C. L., & McDonnell, E. J. (2025) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3663547.3746344 · Cited by 14
“We then asked participants about their disability identities and the assistive tools they used.”
InfluentialSelf-citationExpanding Norms, Negotiating Bodies: How Artists with Disabilities Perceive and Use Creative Tools
Brody, M., Rodrigues, I., E, J. L., & Li, J. (2025) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3663547.3746331 · Cited by 7
“When asked about the main tool in their practice, Alex stated, “Other people.”
InfluentialBetlej, A., & Danileviča, A. (2022) · International Journal of Research in E-learning · doi:10.31261/ijrel.2022.8.2.07 · Cited by 5
Clepper, G., McDonnell, E. J., Findlater, L., & Peek, N. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3714173 · Cited by 8
Theil, A., Creed, C., Shaqura, M. Z., Olson, N., Holt, R. J., Sarcar, S., & Murray, S. (2022) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3517428.3550405 · Cited by 5
“Similar arguments related to the need for a multifaceted approach in the accessibility community are also made by Mankof et al [14], Bennett et al [6, 7], Shinohara et al [19], and Frauenberger [5].”
BackgroundYıldız, Z. (2022) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3517428.3550410 · Cited by 5
“Similarly, according to Bennett et al., access is something that changes over time rather than being static and it needs to “continually renegotiated” based on social norms through social interactions [2].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialYıldız, Z., & Subaşı, Ö. (2023) · Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1007/s10606-023-09471-w · Cited by 5
“…organization of access around the interactions between small mixed-ability dyads (Branham and Kane, 2015a, 2015b; Das et al., 2019), pointing to the value of mutual labor, dynamic definitions, the importance of work distribution, independence as well as inter-dependency (Bennett et al., 2018).”
BackgroundMixed Abilities and Varied Experiences: A Group Autoethnography of a Virtual Summer Internship
Mack, K., Das, M., Jain, D., Bragg, D., Tang, J. C., Begel, A., Beneteau, E., Davis, J. U., Glasser, A., Park, J.-S., et al. (2023) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/3604622 · Cited by 6
“These guidelines focus on: (1) the community co-creation of norms that leverage interdependence and shared vulnerability, (2) the invisibility of accessibility failures and access labor, and (3) the impact To view the accompanying Technical Perspective, visit doi.”
BackgroundInfluential"Different and Boundary-Pushing:" How Blind and Low Vision Youth Live Code Together
Payne, W. C., Xu, E., Rodrigues, I., Kaney, M., Mau, M., & Hurst, A. K. (2024) · Creativity and Cognition · doi:10.1145/3635636.3656200 · Cited by 7
Prototyping Accessible Work Systems with a Deaf-Blind Employee
Tan, A., Robin, M., Williams, C. E., & Boyd, L. E. (2020) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3334480.3382859 · Cited by 5
“An Interdependence framework has helpful in seeing the relationships between people and technologies and the hidden work involved in assistive technology use [2].”
BackgroundMethodStrategies for Inclusive End-User Co-Creation of Inclusive Storytelling Games
Garcia, F. E., & Néris, V. P. D. A. (2019) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-34644-7_16 · Cited by 5
The Qualities of Convivial Tools and Their Relevance to Music Software Accessibility
Lucas, A., Cunningham, J. P., Harrison, J., Schroeder, F., & McPherson, A. (2025) · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing · doi:10.1145/3733606 · Cited by 4
Bhatnagar, T., Upadhyay, V., Rao, P. V. M., Marquardt, N., Miodownik, M. A., & Holloway, C. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-42280-5_4 · Cited by 4
“…in this paper, we contribute a thematic analysis of the educational challenges of university students from India through the lens of the Interdependence Framework for Assistive Technology [7] and the strategies students use to overcome challenges with reference to the Resilience Theory [8].”
InfluentialBeneteau, E., Hiniker, A., Tench, B., Ibrahim, S. B., & Pratt, W. (2024) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2024.2436038 · Cited by 4
“Bennett et al. emphasize the importance of considering the relationships within the contexts discussed in Ability-Based Design when designing for people who use AT (Bennett et al., 2018).”
Exploring Disability Culture Through Accounts of Disabled Innovators of Accessibility Technology
Desai, A., Mankoff, J. C., & Ladner, R. E. (2025) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3663547.3746330 · Cited by 4
Svahn, M., Hölling, J., Curtsson, F., et al. (2021) · doi:10.21428/92fbeb44.e795c9b5 · Cited by 4
Reyes-Cruz, G., Fischer, J. E., & Reeves, S. (2022) · Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3546155.3546697 · Cited by 4
Barbareschi, G., Kumar, T., Kim, C. C., Chernyshov, G., & Kunze, K. S. (2024) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3613904.3642388 · Cited by 5
“Albeit within a diferent context this can be seen as an extension of the idea of Crowd work in accessibility [14, 84], combined with the idea of double empathy or interpersonal knowledge in mixed ability interaction [68, 88].”
BackgroundInfluentialGuiding non-verbal conversation about meal choices with intelligent technologies
Sitbon, L., Balasuriya, S. S., & Percy, L. S. (2023) · Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference (OzCHI) · doi:10.1145/3638380.3638443 · Cited by 4
“Investigating the role of the application as part of an interdependent network of relations can provide insights and design suggestions beyond "simply" improving communication [5].”
BackgroundZeidieh, A. (2024) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3663548.3688544 · Cited by 4
“…foundation for this work will be interdependence , the idea that a given task is achieved with the help of other people or tools while embracing the fact that we are not alone, and that dependence is not inherently a sign of defeat, a source of hindrance, or an indicator of reduced autonomy [17].”
Cao, J., Jain, K., Zhang, J., Peng, Y., Patel, S., & Mankoff, J. C. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713366 · Cited by 5
“…importance of involving the disability community in the design, creation, and integration of AT has been well established within the HCI community [3, 29, 32, 46], mobility aid research involving tangible modifcations to the mobility aid have predominantly conducted in non-HCI communities where…”
Ludic Design for Accessibility in the Global South
Swaminathan, M., & Pal, J. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198846413.003.0014 · Cited by 4
Living in a Limited World: Experience of Lipreaders When Society Is Masked
Carroll, S. M. C., & Atcherson, S. R. (2022) · Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services · doi:10.3928/02793695-20220928-01 · Cited by 4
Using Online Discussions to Understand Challenges and Design Opportunities in Dementia Care
Egbe, D. A., Brereton, M. F., & Ploderer, B. (2023) · Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference (OzCHI) · doi:10.1145/3638380.3638394 · Cited by 4
“Related studies have adopted approaches such as i) reminiscence [16, 21], ii) active and meaningful engagement through: interactive tangibles, [11, 14] music therapy [22]–[24] and social gamification [25], [26].”
BackgroundMethodTang, X., & Zhang, W. (2026) · Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3790464 · Cited by 3
“Similarly, Mack et al. combined autoethnographic methods and interviews, uncovering the need for effective collaboration among multiple stakeholders to ensure accessibility in the U.S. higher education system [55].”
Designing for Rest: Rethinking Access for / from Chronic Illness
Janicki, S., Banda, J. D. P., Romero, L. A., Harris, S. R., Guo, X., Howell, N., & Stangl, A. J. (2025) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3706599.3716241 · Cited by 4
Understanding the Training Experiences of Competitive Skiers with Tetraplegia
Motahar, T., Kim, Y., Fisher, E., & Wiese, J. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713627 · Cited by 4
Piedade, P., Carter, A. R. L., Prada, R., & Nicolau, H. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713539 · Cited by 5
“Recognising the importance of linkage to one’s community both within and en-route to public spaces [6, 62], this dimension gauges whether the given technology helps neurodivergent individuals receive community support within urban mobility solutions.”
Understanding the Multimodal Voice Assistant as an Informal and Social Care Support Tool in the UK
Czech, E., Soubutts, E., Craddock, I. J., & O’Kane, A. A. (2025) · ACM Conference on Conversational User Interfaces (CUI) · doi:10.1145/3719160.3736605 · Cited by 3
“This prompting through the voice assistant helped to semi-automate [65, 94] physical tasks with the device being used interdependently by a care recipient and a caregiver [9], as opposed to the device fostering independence directly through its interface [1].”
Participatory Design in Precarity: "Smart" Technologies for Tiny House Villages
Jang, E., Choden, K., Young, J. C., Webster, J. R., Slager, E. J., Webb, C. J., & Heimerl, K. (2025) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3757642 · Cited by 3
Figueira, I., Cisneros, J. M., Weber, J. L., Sanka, W., Phan, K., Wong-Ma, J., & Branham, S. M. (2026) · Proceedings of the 57th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V.1 · doi:10.1145/3770762.3772561 · Cited by 3
“For instance, when designing collaborative technology, we can consider interdependence between disabled and nondisabled users and move beyond individual accommodation [7].”
Self-citationMouallem, A., Kulkarni, T., & Sheppard, S. (2024) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--47746 · Cited by 3
Why is Accessibility So Hard? Insights From the History of Privacy
Tang, X. (2024) · Companion Publication of the 2024 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing · doi:10.1145/3678884.3681876 · Cited by 3
Exploring Culturally Informed AI Assistants: A Comparative Study of ChatBlackGPT and ChatGPT
Egede, L., Haque, E. A., Thompson, G., Boyd, A. E., Smith, A. D. R., & Johnson, B. (2025) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3706599.3720136 · Cited by 4
Lu, L., Crispin, C., Piao, Z., Eze-Anyanwu, A., & Girouard, A. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713298 · Cited by 7
“However, informed by the Interdependence framework [8], we designed the system to be bi-directional, allowing students to have agency in selecting which vibration-based codes or signals were most efective for them.”
Hayton, P. A., Wilson, A., Morris, B., Dent, J., & Crivellaro, C. (2025) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3663547.3749834 · Cited by 3
“While the value of interdependence relationships are understood by HCI scholars [45], in this report we highlight both areas of success from working together and challenges that still need to be overcome for VI researchers to strive in leading research studies.”
Understanding the Video Content Creation Journey of Creators with Sensory Impairment in Kenya
Xiao, L., Bandukda, M., Li, F. M., Colley, M., & Holloway, C. (2025) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3663547.3746356 · Cited by 6
“…the dominant framing of assistive technology as individualized support, aligning instead with disability studies’ calls to foreground interdependence in design [5, 7] to support ability-diverse collaboration [59], and with work that emphasizes social networks in low-resource contexts [3].”
Assistive Technology Research and Disability Studies in the Global South: the Need for Synergy
Ghai, A., Reddy, V. Y., & Swaminathan, M. (2020) · Cited by 3
Multi-layered interdependency?
Kiossis, I., Feufel, M. A., & Mörike, F. (2020) · Mensch und Computer (MuC) · doi:10.1145/3404983.3410009 · Cited by 3
Understanding and Amplifying Labor among Content Creators with Disabilities
Borgos-Rodriguez, K. (2021) · ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1145/3462204.3481784 · Cited by 3
“Technology design often centers independence as the end-goal, neglecting the rich social interactions that shape access [3].”
BackgroundAngerbauer, K., & Sedlmair, M. (2022) · IEEE Evaluation and Beyond - Methodological Approaches for Visualization (BELIV) · doi:10.1109/beliv57783.2022.00007 · Cited by 4
“Simulators [5, 18, 20, 35, 55] can help visualization designers, but should be used with care, as they may encourage the criticized “being like” attitude [7, 65], and fail to account for the individuality of different disabilities.”
BackgroundAssistive Applications, Accessibility, and Disability Ethics in HRI
Allen, K. H., Aronson, R. M., Bhattacharjee, T., Broz, F., Chang, M. L., Collier, M., Faulkner, T. K., Lee, H. R., Neto, I., Winkle, K., et al. (2024) · ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) · doi:10.1145/3610978.3638151 · Cited by 3
“…for structural change at the societal level is a long-term project requiring collaborations beyond just the HRI community, recent work in in HCI suggests that there are steps that academic communities can take to reduce the burdens on disabled academics and encourage their participation[2, 11–14].”
BackgroundSattar, S. K., Curtis, H., & Neate, T. (2024) · Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3613905.3650890 · Cited by 3
“We must continue to take inspiration from Bennett et al. [4], where the assistive technology encourages interdependent relations; that is, with a more collective view on access situated within the environment.”
Not a “Typical Expat”: An Autoethnographic Account on Accessible Relocation
Yıldız, Z., Karmann, C., & Gerling, K. (2024) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3663548.3688546 · Cited by 5
“…their diverse experiences in diferent contexts and previous work that defnes accessibility as a fexible, continuous, living and fuctuating concept [4, 5, 26], we aim to open a space for HCI researchers to critically rethink accessibility on the move, in case of relocation, where all the physical,…”
Toward Centering Access in Professional Design
Bennett, C. L. (2020) · ResearchWorks at the University of Washington (University of Washington) · Cited by 3
Self-citationAccessibility-Driven Information Transformations in Mixed-Visual Ability Work Teams
Zhao, Y., A. Nacenta, M., A. Sukhai, M., & Somanath, S. (2026) · Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3790872 · Cited by 4
“To alleviate such burdens, researchers have proposed that workplaces could benefit from incorporating an inter-dependence framework that emphasizes collaborative accessibility, viewing access as a shared responsibility instead of an individual one [5, 75, 76].”
MakeNodes: Opening connected-IoT making to people with intellectual disability
Morra, D., Caslini, G., Mores, M., Garzotto, F., & Matera, M. (2024) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2024.103325 · Cited by 2
StreetScape: Gamified Tactile Interactions for Collaborative Learning and Play
Khalaila, A., Everette, G., Kim, S., & Roy, I. (2025) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3706599.3719897 · Cited by 2
“Recent research in assistive technology design has begun shifting from independence as the sole goal to embracing interdependence—a frame that emphasizes the collaborative creation of access and the shared contributions of all users [2].”
InfluentialBefore the Technological Fix: Scoping AI and AAC for Social Futures
Ibrahim, S. B., Griffiths, T., Clarke, M., et al. (2026) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3772363.3798436 · Cited by 2
Tang, X., & Piper, A. M. (2026) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3800645.3813075 · Cited by 3
“Second, drawing on critical disability scholarship and disability activism [23, 34, 44, 59, 69], as well as theorizing of access as within HCI and CSCW [6, 8, 17, 72], we argue that conflicts in collective access are generative rather than merely design ‘problems’ to solve.”
AI assistive technology for extending sighted guiding
Vincenzi, B. (2021) · ACM SIGACCESS Accessibility and Computing · doi:10.1145/3458055.3458062 · Cited by 2
“The work I present builds on the inspirational research from Cynthia L. Bennett et al [2].”
BackgroundDesigning to Support and Extend the Competencies of People with Visual Impairments
Reyes-Cruz, G. (2021) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3411763.3443425 · Cited by 6
A cross-modal UX design pedagogy for industrial design
Temor, L., Husain, Z., & Coppin, P. (2022) · Audio Mostly Conference (AM) · doi:10.1145/3561212.3561241 · Cited by 2
“Whereas it was possible in the past for BPSI to operate a device/appliance through touch, the over-reliance on displays that require vision can reduce their autonomy and agency [2].”
BackgroundNeuro-Inclusive Design Considerations for Assistive and Accessible Technologies and Beyond
Boyd, L. E. (2024) · Synthesis lectures on technology and health · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-48843-6_8 · Cited by 2
An Interdependence Frame for (Semi) Autonomous Robots: The Case of Mobile Robotic Telepresence
Boudouraki, A., & Reyes-Cruz, G. (2024) · doi:10.1145/3686038.3686059 · Cited by 2
“In here, we apply the tenets from the Interdependence Frame [4] to analyse and scrutinise the case of MRP, using information from previous literature —including our own work—, which ranges across settings and contexts such as workplaces, homes, and public spaces.”
InfluentialSong, H., Shin, M., Chu, H., Hong, J., Lee, J., Eun, J., & Lim, H. (2024) · The 26th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility · doi:10.1145/3663548.3675629 · Cited by 2
“We then propose design guidelines for collaborative note-taking tools to improve the efficacy of PNTPs and enhance student accessibility and disability support in higher education.”
Parent, A. S. W. (2024) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3663548.3688508 · Cited by 2
StereoMath: An Accessible and Musical Equation Editor
Ge, K., & Seo, J. (2024) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3663548.3688487 · Cited by 3
Vader, M.-L., Pineda, M. C., Hamidi, F., & Kuber, R. (2024) · International Web for All Conference (W4A) · doi:10.1145/3677846.3677865 · Cited by 2
Taheri, A., Sra, M., Carrington, P., & Bigham, J. P. (2025) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3663547.3749829 · Cited by 5
Arnold, V. X., Min, A., Bonang, C., Park, S., Hayes, G. R., & Piper, A. M. (2025) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3663547.3746324 · Cited by 6
Zhang, K. Y., Higgins, E., Morant, A. V., & Hamidi, F. (2025) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3663547.3746323 · Cited by 2
“In one study, Higgins et al. found that an ecosystem to support large-scale (i.e., state-level) DIY-AT development included three interdependent [3] stakeholders: state department staff, university makerspaces, and end users [23] who work together to create DIY-AT at scale.”
Access Beyond the Score: Understanding Notation Needs and Workflows of Low Vision Musicians
Payne, W. C., & An, Y. L. (2025) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3663547.3746322 · Cited by 3
“Specifically, we draw on Bennett et al.’s interdependence framing, in which accessibility emerges out of relationships between people, AT, and environments [3].”
Alharbi, R., Cheong, A. D., Herskovitz, J., Brewer, R. N., & Schoenebeck, S. (2025) · Proceedings of the 27th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility · doi:10.1145/3663547.3746376 · Cited by 3
“Blind epistemology (ways of knowing) is fluid and relational, shaped by objects, environments, memories, and other people [17, 90, 111].”
Rodolitz, J., Hamilton, V., Tabassum, M., Lerner, A., & Hofmann, M. K. (2025) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3663547.3746375 · Cited by 3
More than One Step at a Time: Designing Procedural Feedback for Non-visual Makeup Routines
Li, F. M., Oharazawa, A., Zhu, C. Q., Fan, M., Sato, D., Asakawa, C., & Carrington, P. (2025) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3663547.3746366 · Cited by 7
"An Old Bastard in Bright Orange Satin!": Zuzenna'sAphasiaDiary
Curtis, H., Birčanin, F., & Neate, T. (2025) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3663547.3746369 · Cited by 2
Czech, E., Bennett, D., Stangroome, G. J., Hanschke, V. A., Ingold, A., Marshall, P., & Metatla, O. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3790423 · Cited by 1
“In accessibility research, this has included a focus on interdependence , as articulated in Bennett et al.’s interdependence framework [6].”
InfluentialNayak, A. K., Prakash, Y., Jayarathna, S., Lee, H.-N., & Ashok, V. G. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3791509 · Cited by 2
Starks, D. L., Thach, H., DeGuia, A., Dillahunt, T. R., & Haimson, O. L. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3791842 · Cited by 1
“” Interdependence, in the context of care and community, emphasizes a collective approach to care that extends beyond self-sufficiency and total dependence [13], highlighting how participants rely on one another and the systems that they build together to survive and maintain both safety and joy.”
Infrastructuring for Access: Co-Designing Writing Tools with a Dyslexic Academic
Wang, E. Q., & Marie, A. S. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3791104 · Cited by 2
“Rather than design out dependence, Bennett et. al argue we can design for interdependence, enabling disabled people and allies to co-navigate the world together [7].”
InfluentialYıldız, Z., & Gerling, K. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3790600 · Cited by 5
“…is a well-established concept 1 that has been used by Disability Studies scholars (e.g., [7, 42, 112]) and disability activists (e.g., [91]) for several years, the concept was first introduced to accessibility studies in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) community by Bennett et al. [14] in 2018.”
InfluentialLi, M., Yang, H., Sanda, N., & Das, M. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3790878 · Cited by 3
Jain, P., Sharma, A., Chaudhary, S., Rawat, V., Bhagat, A. K., Jain, K., Bayerlein, C., Salter, C. L., & Prabhakar, G. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3791535 · Cited by 2
Wang, L., Gao, Y., Anyi, C. L., & Goel, A. K. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3790279 · Cited by 4
Rhetoric vs Responsibility: How Tech Companies Shape AI for Accessibility
Marathe, A. S., Zhou, Q., Mishra, A., & Piper, A. M. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3791854 · Cited by 1
"Computer Says No": Disabled Welfare Experiences and Envisioned Futures Under AI Governance
Curtis, H., Jenkins, A. D. G., Gentry, A., Zacharek, S., McVicker, S. J., Neate, T., & Birčanin, F. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3791025 · Cited by 3
Going Beyond the I With CI: an Interview-based Design Space
Libbi, C. A., van Delden, R. W., Stronks, H. C., Frijns, J. H. M., & Rieffe, C. J. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3791201 · Cited by 1
“As in the present study, hearing individuals sometimes adjusted speaking behaviors unproductively, e.g., overenunciating, slowing too much, or yelling unnecessarily [6, 84, 103, 123].”
InfluentialKosch, T., Grote, T., Schmidt, A., & Woźniak, P. W. (2022) · Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3546155.3546662 · Cited by 2
“Recently, the HCI community has recognized ethical challenges in researching and deploying technological artifacts for marginalized groups [8, 66, 86].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Bennett, C. L., Brady, E., & Branham, S. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 20th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility
- Publisher
- ACM
- Published
- 2018-10-08
- Pages
- 161-173
- OpenAlex
- W2896226941
- Cited by
- 493
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 122 · 2025: 87 · 2024: 74 · 2023: 72 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 42.61
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) (publishedVersion)
- IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
- Author eBooks
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (IIS-1353312 and DGE-1256082)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility
- Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Digital Accessibility for Disabilities
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Disability Rights and Representation
- Keywords
- interdependence, assistive technology design, disability independence, disability studies, people with disabilities, equal access
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-20, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-20 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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