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Transport of Sugars
Open accessAbstract
Soluble sugars serve five main purposes in multicellular organisms: as sources of carbon skeletons, osmolytes, signals, and transient energy storage and as transport molecules. Most sugars are derived from photosynthetic organisms, particularly plants. In multicellular organisms, some cells specialize in providing sugars to other cells (e.g., intestinal and liver cells in animals, photosynthetic cells in plants), whereas others depend completely on an external supply (e.g., brain cells, roots and seeds). This cellular exchange of sugars requires transport proteins to mediate uptake or release from cells or subcellular compartments. Thus, not surprisingly, sugar transport is critical for plants, animals, and humans. At present, three classes of eukaryotic sugar transporters have been characterized, namely the glucose transporters (GLUTs), sodium-glucose symporters (SGLTs), and SWEETs. This review presents the history and state of the art of sugar transporter research, covering genetics, biochemistry, and physiology—from their identification and characterization to their structure, function, and physiology. In humans, understanding sugar transport has therapeutic importance (e.g., addressing diabetes or limiting access of cancer cells to sugars), and in plants, these transporters are critical for crop yield and pathogen susceptibility.
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“researchers asserted that besides its role in glucose reabsorption, SGLT may exhibit other distinct functions in CNS.13–15”
From Dapagliflozin Activates Neurons in the Central Nervous System and Regulates Cardiovascular Activity by Inhibiting SGLT-2 in Mice (2020) · cites this paper as [15]
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“Three classes of eukaryotic sugar transporters have been characterized, namely glucose transporters (GLUTs), sodium–glucose symporters (SGLTs) and the most recently discovered family, SWEETs [16].”
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“SWEETs can mediate both cellular uptake and efflux of various mono- and disaccharides, which is largely pH independent [26].”
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“Research has shown that membrane-localized sugar transporters in plants can be categorized into MFSs (the major facilitator superfamily) and SWEET (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter, PFAM: PF03083) family [3].”
BackgroundVulturar, R., Chiş, A., Pintilie, S. R., Farcaș, I. M., Botezatu, A., Login, C., Sitar-Tăut, A., Orasan, O. H., Stan, A. D., Lazea, C., et al. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10061249 · Cited by 25
“SWEETs, a newly added sugar transporter family for humans, may mediate both cellular uptake and efflux, and have low affinity for sugars; SWEETs are highly conserved [11].”
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“However, the movement of sugar between tissues via the phloem requires the assistance of sugar transporters [6,7].”
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“In Arabidopsis leaves, sucrose efflux from phloem parenchyma cells to the apoplast is driven by AtSWEET11 and 12 [42, 43].”
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“Furthermore, sucrose is a universal form of long-distance carbon transport in most plants [41,42].”
BackgroundL-Glucose: Another Path to Cancer Cells
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“As summarized by Frommer and colleagues, a similar glucose uptake mechanism may be at work in saturable transport across species [28].”
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“Unexpectedly, almost all DEGs encoding SWEET transporters (17 out of 19) were downregulated, including those for SWEET11-like (LOC107791830 and LOC107790569) and SWEET12 (LOC107791385 and LOC107830760), which are involved in sucrose efflux for phloem loading [55].”
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“…be exported transporter (SWEET), or monosaccharide transporters (MSTs) have been identified as highly expressed sugar transporters in sugarcane with an essential role in carbon partitioning and for crop yield (Chen et al., 2015; Ludewig & Flügge, 2013; Hu et al., 2017, Casu et al., 2003).”
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Hybrid Sequencing of Full-Length cDNA Transcripts of Stems and Leaves in Dendrobium officinale
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Sugars Integrate External and Internal Signals in Regulating Shoot Branching
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“Under the synergistic action of insulin receptor signaling and glucose transporters (Chen et al., 2015), the cells accelerate the uptake of glucose and reduce the blood glucose level.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Chen, L.-Q., Cheung, L. S., Feng, L., Tanner, W., & Frommer, W. B.
- Affiliations
- Carnegie Institution for Science (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- University of Regensburg (DE)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Biochemistry
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2015-06-02
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 865-894
- ISSN
- 0066-4154 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4509
- OpenAlex
- W2116269912
- Cited by
- 507
- References
- 195
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 10
- FWCI
- 3.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Regensburg Publication Server (University of Regensburg) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (1401855, 1258018)
- U.S. Department of Energy (DE‐FG02‐, FG02-04ER15542, DEFG0204ER15542)
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1068450)
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- Office of Science
- Basic Energy Sciences (DE-FG02-04ER15542, DE-FG02)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Keywords
- sugar transport, sugar transporters, glucose transporters, sodium-glucose cotransporter, sweets, sucrose transport, osmolytes, energy storage, diabetes mellitus, crop yield, pathogen susceptibility
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biological Transport, Carbohydrates, Humans, Plants, Membrane Transport Proteins, Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Plant Cells
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