Cited by 516Plant nutrient uptake and metabolismIon Transport and Channel RegulationMetabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer

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Transport of Sugars

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Chen, Li-Qing, Cheung, Lily S., Feng, Liang, Tanner, Widmar, Frommer, Wolf B.·2015·Annual Review of Biochemistry

DOI 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-033904

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Abstract

Soluble sugars serve five main purposes in multicellular organisms: as sources of carbon skeletons, osmolytes, signals, and transient energy storage and as transport molecules. Most sugars are derived from photosynthetic organisms, particularly plants. In multicellular organisms, some cells specialize in providing sugars to other cells (e.g., intestinal and liver cells in animals, photosynthetic cells in plants), whereas others depend completely on an external supply (e.g., brain cells, roots and seeds). This cellular exchange of sugars requires transport proteins to mediate uptake or release from cells or subcellular compartments. Thus, not surprisingly, sugar transport is critical for plants, animals, and humans. At present, three classes of eukaryotic sugar transporters have been characterized, namely the glucose transporters (GLUTs), sodium-glucose symporters (SGLTs), and SWEETs. This review presents the history and state of the art of sugar transporter research, covering genetics, biochemistry, and physiology—from their identification and characterization to their structure, function, and physiology. In humans, understanding sugar transport has therapeutic importance (e.g., addressing diabetes or limiting access of cancer cells to sugars), and in plants, these transporters are critical for crop yield and pathogen susceptibility.

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Additional file 4 of Genome-wide identification, characterization and transcriptional profile of the SWEET gene family in Dendrobium officinale
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Additional file 6 of Genome-wide identification, characterization and transcriptional profile of the SWEET gene family in Dendrobium officinale
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Additional file 3 of Genome-wide identification, characterization and transcriptional profile of the SWEET gene family in Dendrobium officinale
Li, H., Shi, X., Qin, S., Dong, J., Shi, H., Wang, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23639991
Additional file 1 of Genome-wide identification, characterization and transcriptional profile of the SWEET gene family in Dendrobium officinale
Li, H., Shi, X., Qin, S., Dong, J., Shi, H., Wang, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23639985
Additional file 7 of Genome-wide identification, characterization and transcriptional profile of the SWEET gene family in Dendrobium officinale
Li, H., Shi, X., Qin, S., Dong, J., Shi, H., Wang, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23640003
Additional file 5 of Genome-wide identification, characterization and transcriptional profile of the SWEET gene family in Dendrobium officinale
Li, H., Shi, X., Qin, S., Dong, J., Shi, H., Wang, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23639997
Additional file 8 of Genome-wide identification, characterization and transcriptional profile of the SWEET gene family in Dendrobium officinale
Li, H., Shi, X., Qin, S., Dong, J., Shi, H., Wang, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23640006
Characterization and Expression Analysis of Sugar Transporters through Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) Revealed Their Role in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Xia, P., Zhou, S., Zhao, X., & Zhao, C. (2024) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants13131825
“In Arabidopsis , SWEET11 , SWEET12 , and SWEET15 together regulate sucrose transport from the testa to the embryo via the endosperm [15].”
Background
Transcriptomic analysis of hub genes regulating nitrate and glucose response of nitrate response deficiency 1 (NRD1) mutant in foxtail millet
Yao, X.-L., Li, Z., Zhang, M., Meng, H.-X., Wang, Y., Dong, S., Yuan, X., Li, X., Gao, L., Yang, G., et al. (2024) · Plant Cell Reports · doi:10.1007/s00299-024-03379-5
“These genes contain MST6 ( Seita.2G352200 ), SWEET11 ( Seita.6G225300 ) and other sugar transporters, enzymes involved in sucrose and starch metabolism TPS6 ( Seita.2G197800 ), TPS11 ( Seita.1G347300 ), and enzymes involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis (Chen et al. 2015).”
Molecular characterization and function of sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 in postprandial glucose homeostasis in Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Jiang, Q., Wenjing, X., Ding, Q., Cai, X. T., Dong, Q. Z., Gao, X., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, X. (2025) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111822
Identification and Expression Pattern Analysis of AsSWEET Gene Family in Achnatherum splendens
Hu, M., Kou, W., Chen, M., Li, X., Wang, J., Niu, J., Wang, F., Li, H., & Li, R. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26136438
“Due to their importance, SWEETs have become a major focus of research in plant stress adaptation [2,3].”
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of STP gene family in Malus domestica
Guo, Z., An, X., Cao, X., Zou, Y., & Zhou, Y. (2025) · Fruit Research · doi:10.48130/frures-0025-0020
Symbiosis: A SWEET deal for nodules
Udvardi, M. K., & Mens, C. (2025) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2025.07.069
A kinetic study of multi-substrate uniporters
Pereda, A. S. D., Park, J., & Cheung, L. S. (2025) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2025.112267
Self-citation
Genome-Wide Identification of Monosaccharide Transporter (MST) Genes in Litchi chinensis and Analysis of Their Potential Roles in Fruit Sugar Accumulation
Wen, Y., Zheng, H., Liu, H., Jiang, Y., Shi, F., & Yan, Q. (2025) · Horticulturae · doi:10.3390/horticulturae11101252
“Sugars are primarily synthesized in source organs, such as mature leaves, with sucrose serving as the major carbohydrate translocated through the phloem to distant sink organs like roots, stems, fruits, and seeds [6,7].”
A Cost‐Effective Hybrid Method For Homogeneous Matrix Coating in Matrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging Using Simultaneous Spin and Spray Deposition
Maciel, L., Roque, J. V., Batista, A. C., Dufrayer, G. H. M., Balbino, N. S., Cavalcante, K. V. N., Ferreira-Junior, M. D., Chaves, A. R., & Vaz, B. G. (2025) · Analysis & Sensing · doi:10.1002/anse.202500117
Molecular and Functional Insights into Sugar Transporters in Rice
Phan, K. A. T., Lee, J., Nguyen, C. D., & Lee, S. (2025) · Rice Science · doi:10.1016/j.rsci.2025.10.009
Effect of sugar transporter 1 on reproduction of Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) and trehalose metabolism
Liu, Y., Luo, Y., Guan, L., Wan, S., Wang, X., Xu, C., Xie, B., Wang, S., & Tang, B. (2025) · Journal of Economic Entomology · doi:10.1093/jee/toaf301
Genome-wide identification of the SWEET gene family in Lotus japonicus and functional characterization of LjSWEET1a in plant growth and drought stress response
Zheng, Z., Meng, X., Qian, W., Niu, K., Wang, R., Li, J., Wang, Y., & Zhuang, L. (2025) · Plant Science · doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112931
Additional file 8 of Physiological and transcriptome analysis of Magnolia denudata leaf buds during long-term cold acclimation
Wu, K., Duan, X., Zhu, Z., ZiYang, S., Duan, J., Jia, Z., & Ma, L. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16778439
Additional file 2 of Genome-wide identification, characterization and transcriptional profile of the SWEET gene family in Dendrobium officinale
Hao, L., Shi, X., Qin, S., JiaHong, D., Shi, H., Wang, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23639988
Additional file 1 of Systematic analysis of the sugar accumulation mechanism in sucrose- and hexose- accumulating cherry tomato fruits
Sun, L., Wang, J., Lian, L., Song, J., Du, X., Liu, W., Zhao, W., Yang, L., Li, C., Qin, Y., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20115445
Additional file 7 of Physiological and transcriptome analysis of Magnolia denudata leaf buds during long-term cold acclimation
Wu, K., Duan, X., Zhu, Z., ZiYang, S., Duan, J., Jia, Z., & Ma, L. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16778436
Additional file 2 of Systematic analysis of the sugar accumulation mechanism in sucrose- and hexose- accumulating cherry tomato fruits
Sun, L., Wang, J., Lian, L., Song, J., Du, X., Liu, W., Zhao, W., Yang, L., Li, C., Qin, Y., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20115448
Additional file 2 of The effects of TGF-β-induced activation and starvation of vitamin A and palmitic acid on human stem cell-derived hepatic stellate cells
Wilhelmsen, I., Combriat, T. M. D., Dalmao‐Fernández, A., Stokowiec, J., Wang, C., Olsen, P. A., Wik, J. A., Boichuk, Y., Aizenshtadt, A., & Krauss, S. J. K. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26361065
Additional file 1 of The effects of TGF-β-induced activation and starvation of vitamin A and palmitic acid on human stem cell-derived hepatic stellate cells
Wilhelmsen, I., Combriat, T. M. D., Dalmao‐Fernández, A., Stokowiec, J., Wang, C., Olsen, P. A., Wik, J. A., Boichuk, Y., Aizenshtadt, A., & Krauss, S. J. K. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26360951
Additional file 3 of The effects of TGF-β-induced activation and starvation of vitamin A and palmitic acid on human stem cell-derived hepatic stellate cells
Wilhelmsen, I., Combriat, T. M. D., Dalmao‐Fernández, A., Stokowiec, J., Wang, C., Olsen, P. A., Wik, J. A., Boichuk, Y., Aizenshtadt, A., & Krauss, S. J. K. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26752888
Root Exudates, Rhizosphere Biodiversity and Plant Defense Mechanism-An Underrated Triangle of Rhizosphere in Agroforestry Ecosystem
Debnath, D., Labanya, R., Mohapatra, C., & Goldar, S. (2026) · Current Agriculture Research Journal · doi:10.12944/carj.13.3.2
Untold: Marshall Nirenberg and Hexose Transport
Pederson, T. (2026) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202504102rr
ZmSWEET Sucrose transporters expressed in the endosperm adjacent to the maize embryo are necessary for carbon partitioning and embryo growthPreprint
Fierlej, Y., Grazer, L., Khaled, A. G. A., Langer, M., Montes, É., Perez, T., Gallo, L., Lacombe, B., Nacry, P., Duplus‐Bottin, H., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.02.24.707659
Caractérisation des mécanismes impliqués dans la résistance induite par Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN à l’encontre de Botrytis cinerea chez Vitis vinifera L.
Miotto, L. C. V. (2017) · doi:10.70675/1ac82a09z8c82z4651za149z463c2c7898f7
Mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans les interactions entre Arabidopsis thaliana et des rhizobactéries bénéfiques : Implication du transport de sucres ?
Desrut, A. (2019) · doi:10.70675/5794cc20z2615z45aez9729z17872202171e
Rôle des transporteurs SWEET dans le développement du système vasculaire d'Arabidopsis thaliana, la croissance et l'adaptation de la plante à son environnement
Aubry, E. (2019) · doi:10.70675/72b93c3fz6069z4199z9df4z4bb310e3abb6

Authors: Chen, L.-Q., Cheung, L. S., Feng, L., Tanner, W., & Frommer, W. B.
Affiliations: Carnegie Institution for Science (US)
Stanford Medicine (US)
University of Regensburg (DE)
ORCID: Chen, Li-Qing
Cheung, Lily S.
Feng, Liang
Frommer, Wolf B.
Venue: Annual Review of Biochemistry
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2015-06-02
Volume: 84
Issue: 1
Pages: 865-894
ISSN: 0066-4154 (ISSN-L)
1545-4509
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-033904
OpenAlex: W2116269912
Cited by: 507
References: 195
Citations by year: 2026: 33 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 10
FWCI: 3.39
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Annual Review of Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
University of Regensburg Publication Server (University of Regensburg) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Science Foundation (1401855, 1258018)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE‐FG02‐, FG02-04ER15542, DEFG0204ER15542)
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1068450)
Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
Office of Science
Basic Energy Sciences (DE-FG02-04ER15542, DE-FG02)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
Keywords: sugar transport, sugar transporters, glucose transporters, sodium-glucose cotransporter, sweets, sucrose transport, osmolytes, energy storage, diabetes mellitus, crop yield, pathogen susceptibility
MeSH terms: Animals, Biological Transport, Carbohydrates, Humans, Plants, Membrane Transport Proteins, Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Plant Cells

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