Cited by 1,196Mitochondrial Function and PathologyAutophagy in Disease and TherapyCell death mechanisms and regulation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 141 of the 141 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Fusion and Fission: Interlinked Processes Critical for Mitochondrial Health

Chan, David C.·2012·Annual Review of Genetics

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that continually undergo fusion and fission. These opposing processes work in concert to maintain the shape, size, and number of mitochondria and their physiological function. Some of the major molecules mediating mitochondrial fusion and fission in mammals have been discovered, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are only partially unraveled. In particular, the cast of characters involved in mitochondrial fission needs to be clarified. By enabling content mixing between mitochondria, fusion and fission serve to maintain a homogeneous and healthy mitochondrial population. Mitochondrial dynamics has been linked to multiple mitochondrial functions, including mitochondrial DNA stability, respiratory capacity, apoptosis, response to cellular stress, and mitophagy. Because of these important functions, mitochondrial fusion and fission are essential in mammals, and even mild defects in mitochondrial dynamics are associated with disease. A better understanding of these processes likely will ultimately lead to improvements in human health.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1146/annurev-genet-110410-132529

Cites

141 of 141 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Parkin is recruited selectively to impaired mitochondria and promotes their autophagy
Narendra, D., Tanaka, A., Suen, D.-F., & Youle, R. J. (2008) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200809125 · Cited by 4,026
Mechanisms of mitophagy
Youle, R. J., & Narendra, D. P. (2011) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm3028 · Cited by 3,273
Fission and selective fusion govern mitochondrial segregation and elimination by autophagy
Twig, G., Elorza, A., Molina, A. J. A., Mohamed, H., Wikstrom, J. D., Walzer, G., Stiles, L., Haigh, S. E., Katz, S., Las, G., et al. (2008) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7601963 · Cited by 3,082
Mitofusins Mfn1 and Mfn2 coordinately regulate mitochondrial fusion and are essential for embryonic development
Chen, H., Detmer, S. A., Ewald, A. J., Griffin, E. E., Fraser, S. E., & Chan, D. C. (2003) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200211046 · Cited by 2,601
Self-citation
Mitochondria and cell death: outer membrane permeabilization and beyond
Tait, S. W. G., & Green, D. R. (2010) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm2952 · Cited by 2,593
Mitofusin 2 tethers endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria
de Brito, O. M., & Scorrano, L. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07534 · Cited by 2,442
ER Tubules Mark Sites of Mitochondrial Division
Friedman, J. R., Lackner, L. L., West, M., DiBenedetto, J. R., Nunnari, J., & Voeltz, G. K. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1207385 · Cited by 2,072
Dynamin-related Protein Drp1 Is Required for Mitochondrial Division in Mammalian Cells
Smirnova, E., Griparić, L., Shurland, D., & van der Bliek, A. M. (2001) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.12.8.2245 · Cited by 1,938
The Role of Dynamin-Related Protein 1, a Mediator of Mitochondrial Fission, in Apoptosis
Frank, S., Gaume, B., Bergmann-Leitner, E. S., Leitner, W. W., Robert, E. G., Catez, F., Smith, C. L., & Youle, R. J. (2001) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/s1534-5807(01)00055-7 · Cited by 1,755
During autophagy mitochondria elongate, are spared from degradation and sustain cell viability
Gomes, L. C., Benedetto, G. D., & Scorrano, L. (2011) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb2220 · Cited by 1,735

Show all 141 references

Sorted by citations

Items 801–900 of 997

Death-associated protein 3 in cancer—discrepant roles of DAP3 in tumours and molecular mechanisms
Song, H., Liu, H., Wang, X., Yang, Y., Zhao, X., Jiang, W. G., Sui, L., & Song, X. (2024) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2023.1323751 · Cited by 13
“Mitochondrial homeostasis is balanced by the opposing fusion and ﬁ ssion processes, which enable cells to adapt to changing physiological conditions (113, 114).”
Background
Considerations for Developing Mitochondrial Transplantation Techniques for Individualized Medicine
Neikirk, K., Stephens, D. C., Beasley, H. K., Marshall, A. G., Gaddy, J. A., Damo, S. M., & Hinton, A. O., Jr. (2024) · BioTechniques · doi:10.2144/btn-2023-0072 · Cited by 12
Mitochondrial Role on Cellular Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Senescence during Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis
Dalmao‐Fernández, A., Hermida‐Gómez, T., Nogueira-Recalde, U., Rego‐Pérez, I., Blanco, F. J., & Fernández-Moreno, M. (2024) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13110976 · Cited by 13
“The fission process, essential for generating new mitochondria, is governed by mitochondrial fission protein 1 ( Fis 1 ) [34].”
Background
Mitochondrial Quality Control in Ovarian Function: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies
Wang, X., Liu, Y., Wang, J., Lu, X., Guo, Z., Lv, S., Sun, Z., Gao, T., Gao, F., & Yuan, J. (2024) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43032-024-01634-4 · Cited by 12
“This leads to the formation of a ring structure at the fission site, subsequent GTP hydrolysis, and contraction of the DRP1 helix to sever the mitochondria, completing division [5, 36, 39, 40].”
Epigenetics of Subcellular Structure Functioning in the Origin of Risk or Resilience to Comorbidity of Neuropsychiatric and Cardiometabolic Disorders
del Campo, C. M. Z.-M., Rosas, M., & Guarner‐Lans, V. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19051456 · Cited by 12
“Epigenetic programming by environmental factors regulates the biogenesis of mitochondria, which undergo repeated cycles of fission and fusion [58].”
BackgroundInfluential
β-guanidinopropionic acid and metformin differentially impact autophagy, mitochondria and cellular morphology in developing C2C12 muscle cells
Crocker, C. L., Baumgarner, B. L., & Kinsey, S. T. (2019) · Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility · doi:10.1007/s10974-019-09568-0 · Cited by 13
“In such situations, mitochondrial fusion allows mixing of matrix contents, and can thereby promote ATP production (Chan 2012).”
Background
Disulfide-Reduction-Triggered Spontaneous Photoblinking Cy5 Probe for Nanoscopic Imaging of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Live Cells
Li, W., Pan, W., Huang, M., Yang, Z., He, Y., Zhang, W., Zhang, J., Gu, Z., Zhang, D., Yan, W., et al. (2021) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04658 · Cited by 12
Roles and Molecular Mechanisms of Physical Exercise in Sepsis Treatment
Wu, Y., Guo, X., Peng, Y., Fang, Z., & Zhang, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.879430 · Cited by 12
“In mitochondrial fusion, homo- and hetero-oligomeric structures are formed by Mfn1 and Mfn2 to link two neighboring mitochondria for outer membrane fusion, and OPA1 directly promotes inner membrane fusion (Chan, 2012).”
Background
Activation of the Pleiotropic Drug Resistance Pathway Can Promote Mitochondrial DNA Retention by Fusion-Defective Mitochondria in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Mutlu, N., Garipler, G., Akdoğan, E., & Dunn, C. D. (2014) · G3 Genes Genomes Genetics · doi:10.1534/g3.114.010330 · Cited by 11
“at both the outer membrane (OM) and the inner membrane (IM) of mitochondria (Hoppins and Nunnari 2009; Chan 2012).”
Background
Plant mitochondrial dynamics and the role of membrane lipids
Pan, R., & Hu, J. (2015) · Plant Signaling & Behavior · doi:10.1080/15592324.2015.1050573 · Cited by 12
“Animal and yeast mitochondria often appear highly tubular and interconnected, which reflects the dominance of mitochondrial fusion in these organisms.(40) The mitochondrial fusion machineries are well characterized in these systems with the core components being members of the DRP family as well.”
Background
Morphology Remodeling and Selective Autophagy of Intracellular Organelles during Viral Infections
Ren, S., Ding, C., & Sun, Y. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21103689 · Cited by 13
Tackling Dysfunction of Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in the Brain
Zanfardino, P., Doccini, S., Santorelli, F. M., & Petruzzella, V. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22158325 · Cited by 13
The caveolar-mitochondrial interface: regulation of cellular metabolism in physiology and pathophysiology
Foster, C. R., Satomi, S., Kato, Y., & Patel, H. H. (2020) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst20190388 · Cited by 12
HPV Oncoproteins and Mitochondrial Reprogramming: The Central Role of ROMO1 in Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Shifts
Tsoneva, E., & Yordanov, A. D. (2025) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells14201629 · Cited by 11
“This balance is regulated by key proteins, with Drp1 (dynamin-related protein 1) driving fission, and OPA1 together with MFN1 and MFN2 mediating fusion [5,6].”
Retinoic acid regulates pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 ( Pdk4 ) to modulate fuel utilization in the adult heart: Insights from wild‐type and β‐carotene 9′,10′ oxygenase knockout mice
Holloway, C., Zhong, G. G., Kim, Y., Ye, H., Sampath, H., Hämmerling, U., Isoherranen, N., & Quadro, L. (2022) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202101910rr · Cited by 10
Structural regulation and dynamic behaviour of organelles during plant meiosis
Koç, A., & Storme, N. D. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.925789 · Cited by 11
“Additionally, mitochondria can go through fusion and fission events, which involves the physical merging of several mitochondria to form one large mitochondrion, and the separation of a mitochondrion into several mitochondria, respectively (Chan 2012).”
Background
Pharmacological Progress of Mitophagy Regulation
Sehgal, S. A., Wu, H., Sajid, M., Sohail, S., Ahsan, M., Parveen, G., Riaz, M., Khan, M. S., Iqbal, M. N., & Malik, A. (2023) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x21666230314140528 · Cited by 11
Changes in the Mitochondria in the Aging Process—Can α-Tocopherol Affect Them?
Napolitano, G., Fasciolo, G., Tomajoli, M. T. M., & Venditti, P. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241512453 · Cited by 12
IRF2BP2 drives lymphatic metastasis in OSCC cells by elevating mitochondrial fission‐dependent fatty acid oxidation
Pang, X., Li, T., Shi, R.-J., Wan, Z., Tang, Y., Tang, Y., & Liang, X. (2023) · Molecular Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1002/mc.23635 · Cited by 11
“42,43 Studies have demonstrated the interaction of mitochondria fission/fusion with cancer progression and metastasis.”
Background
ATAD1 inhibits hepatitis C virus infection by removing the viral TA‐protein NS5B from mitochondria
Zhou, Q. S., Yang, Y., Xu, Z., Deng, K., Zhang, Z., Hao, J., Li, N., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Chen, H., et al. (2023) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.15252/embr.202256614 · Cited by 11
“Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that constantly undergo fission (fragmentation), fusion, and mitophagy to maintain mitochondrial quality control (Chan, 2012).”
Mechanistic insight of mitochondrial dysfunctions in cardiovascular diseases with potential biomarkers
Islam, M. N., Mishra, V. K., Munalisa, R., Parveen, F., Ali, S. F., Akter, K., Ahmed, T., Ho, T., & Huang, C. (2024) · Molecular & Cellular Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s13273-023-00424-4 · Cited by 11
“Increased apoptosis in CVD due to the fragmentation of mitochondrial network Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo continual fission and fusion to adapt to changes in the cellular environment (Chan 2012; Suarez-Rivero et al. 2016; Tilokani et al. 2018).”
Regulation of Mitoflash Biogenesis and Signaling by Mitochondrial Dynamics
Li, W., Sun, T., Liu, B., Wu, D., Qi, W., Wang, X., Ma, Q., & Cheng, H. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep32933 · Cited by 11
Developmentally regulated GTP-binding protein 2 depletion leads to mitochondrial dysfunction through downregulation of dynamin-related protein 1
Vo, M., Ko, M. S., Lee, U. H., Yoon, E. H., Lee, B. J., Cho, W. J., Ha, C. M., Kim, K., & Park, J. W. (2017) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.154 · Cited by 11
“As a main regulator of mitochondrial fission, Drp1 activity is regulated by several post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, S-nitrosylation, SUMOylation, and ubiquitination [26,27].”
Background
Mitochondrial haplogroups have a better correlation to insulin requirement than nuclear genetic variants for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Taiwanese individuals
Shen, F., Weng, S., Tsai, M., Su, Y., Li, S., Chang, S., Chen, J., Chang, Y., Liou, C., Lin, T., et al. (2021) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.13629 · Cited by 11
Mog1 deficiency promotes cardiac contractile dysfunction and isoproterenol-induced arrhythmias associated with cardiac fibrosis and Cx43 remodeling
Zhao, M., Han, M., Liang, L., Song, Q., Li, X., Du, Y., Hu, D., Cheng, Y., Wang, Q. K., & Ke, T. (2022) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166429 · Cited by 11
Oxidation of DJ-1 Cysteines in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Function
Bhattacharyya, S., Sturgis, J., Maminishkis, A., Miller, S. S., & Bonilha, V. L. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23179938 · Cited by 11
“Network damage reduces mitochondrial DNA integrity, interchange of mitochondrial material, respiratory capacity, apoptosis, and response to cellular stress, leading to abnormal development and several human diseases [65,66].”
Background
TDP-43 is a potential marker of dopaminergic neuronal damage caused by atrazine exposure
Li, G., Wang, K., Zuo, K., Shi, G., Cai, Q., & Huang, M. (2023) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114780 · Cited by 11
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Repeat Expansion Diseases
Giménez-Bejarano, A., Alegre-Cortés, E., Yakhine-Diop, S. M. S., Gómez‐Suaga, P., & Fuentes, J. M. (2023) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox12081593 · Cited by 12
“In contrast, fusion is controlled by proteins such as mitofusins (MFN1 and MFN2) and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) [30].”
BackgroundInfluential
A hypercaloric diet induces hepatic oxidative stress, infiltration of lymphocytes, and mitochondrial reshuffle in Psammomys obesus, a murine model of insulin resistance
Sihali-Beloui, O., Aroune, D., Benazouz, F., Hadji, A., El-Aoufi, S., & Marco, S. (2019) · Comptes Rendus Biologies · doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2019.04.003 · Cited by 11
Mitochondria and apoptosis
Ghosh, N., & Sil, P. C. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821562-3.00031-9 · Cited by 11
Lipid-based DNA/siRNA transfection agents disrupt neuronal bioenergetics and mitophagy
Napoli, E., Liu, S., Marsilio, I., Zarbalis, K., & Giulivi, C. (2017) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bcj20170632 · Cited by 12
Chemical inhibition of mitochondrial fission improves insulin signaling and subdues hyperglycemia induced stress in placental trophoblast cells
Kolaç, U. K., Dönmez, G., & Yalçın, A. (2022) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-022-07959-0 · Cited by 12
Long-term exposure to azoxystrobin induces immunodeficiency in fish that are vulnerable to subsequent rhabdovirus infection
Qiu, T.-X., Wang, H., Liu, L., & Chen, J. (2022) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114331 · Cited by 10
A novel variant of DNM1L expanding the clinical phenotypic spectrum: a case report and literature review
Zhang, Z., Bie, X., Chen, Z., Liu, J., Xie, Z., Li, X., Xiao, M., Zhang, Q., Zhang, Y., Yang, Y., et al. (2024) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-023-04442-y · Cited by 11
“In mammals, DRP1, a protein encoded by the DNM1L gene, is a core component of the mitochondrial fission process and contains an N-terminal GTPase domain, a middle domain, a non-conserved variable domain (VD), and a C-terminal GTPase effector domain (GED) [3–5].”
Background
Dietary α-Ketoglutarate Alleviates Escherichia coli LPS-Induced Intestinal Barrier Injury by Modulating the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondrial System Pathway in Piglets
Lu, J., Liu, G., Sun, W., Jia, G., Zhao, H. Y., Chen, X., & Wang, J. (2024) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.03.001 · Cited by 10
The potential mechanism of mitochondrial homeostasis in postoperative neurocognitive disorders: an in-depth review
Ye, F., Wei, C., & Wu, A. (2024) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2024.2411012 · Cited by 11
“As a response to the changed functional requirements, mitochondria can promote mtDNA complementation, regulate metabolic homeostasis and facilitate ultrastructural crista changes [38,48,50,51].”
Background
Rapid and quantitative in vitro analysis of mitochondrial fusion and its interplay with apoptosis
Xu, J., Su, L., Han, J., Gao, K., Zhang, M., Wang, S., Chen, C., & Yan, X. (2020) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121523 · Cited by 10
Deciphering the role of MitomiRs in cancer: A comprehensive review
Patel, D., Thankachan, S., Fawaz, P. P. A., Venkatesh, T., Kabekkodu, S. P., & Suresh, P. S. (2023) · Mitochondrion · doi:10.1016/j.mito.2023.04.004 · Cited by 10
Rhodamine-based fluorescent probe for dynamic STED imaging of mitochondria
Gao, X., Cai, S., Wang, L., Guo, Y., Liu, L., Weng, X., Huang, K., Yan, W., & Qu, J. (2024) · Biomedical Optics Express · doi:10.1364/boe.507770 · Cited by 10
Mitochondrial quality orchestrates muscle-adipose dialog to alleviate dietary obesity
Xu, Z., Fu, T., Guo, Q., Sun, W., & Gan, Z. (2018) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2018.12.020 · Cited by 10
MFN2 Deficiency Impairs Mitochondrial Functions and PPAR Pathway During Spermatogenesis and Meiosis in Mice
Wang, T., Xiao, Y., Hu, Z., Gu, J., Hua, R., Hai, Z., Chen, X., Zhang, J. V., Yu, Z., Wu, T., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.862506 · Cited by 10
“processes have long been recognized to regulate mitochondrial dynamics (Thorsness 1992; Bereiter-Hahn and Vöth 1994; Chan 2012; Mishra and Chan 2016).”
BackgroundInfluential
How to Analyze Mitochondrial Morphology in Healthy Cells and Apoptotic Cells in Caenorhabditis elegans
Rolland, S. G. M. (2014) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-417158-9.00004-2 · Cited by 10
Amelioration of late-onset hepatic steatosis inIDH2-deficient mice
Lee, S. J., Cha, H., Kim, H. J., Lee, J. H., & Park, J. (2017) · Free Radical Research · doi:10.1080/10715762.2017.1320554 · Cited by 10
“Mitochondria are the main organelles involved in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and therefore are also the main targets of ROS-induced damage [6,7].”
Background
Mitochondrial metabolism and the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cell quiescence
Hu, M., & Wang, J. (2019) · Current Opinion in Hematology · doi:10.1097/moh.0000000000000507 · Cited by 12
“It has been known that mitochondria continually undergo dynamic fusion and fission, which are involved in promoting mitochondrial health by sustaining mitochondrial morphology, mtDNA stability, respiratory function and so on [50].”
Background
Cyclin-dependent Kinase 5 and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Song, M., Qiang, Y., Zhao, X., & Song, F. (2024) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-024-04047-1 · Cited by 10
“In general, mitochondrial fusion contributes to the integrity of the mitochondrial network, whereas mitochondrial fission promotes the removal of the dysfunctional organelles by mitophagy [110, 111].”
Parkinson's Disease and Mitotherapy-Based Approaches towards α-Synucleinopathies
Bhatt, V., Shukla, H., & Tiwari, A. K. (2024) · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.31083/j.jin2306109 · Cited by 9
“The fusion protein optic atrophy protein 1 (OPA1) is located on the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) while GTPase mitofusin1 and 2 (Mfn1/2) are located on the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) [97,100–104].”
Background
Organelle Communication with the Nucleus
Sengupta, S., & Levy, D. L. (2024) · Results and problems in cell differentiation · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_1 · Cited by 10
Hypothyroidism modulates mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in the heart of rats under fed and fasting conditions
Romão, J. S., Neto, J. G. O., de Andrade, C. B. V., de Carvalho, J. J., Pazos-Moura, C. C., & Oliveira, K. J. (2024) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2024.123254 · Cited by 9
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus induces mitochondrial fission to evade host immune responses and promote viral production
Zhu, Q., McElroy, R., Machhar, J. S., Cassel, J. A., Zheng, Z., Mansoori, B., Guo, H., Guo, S., Pangilinan, C. R., Liang, J., et al. (2025) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-025-02018-3 · Cited by 9
FUNDC1-dependent mitochondrial-ER membranes mediate mitochondrial dysfunction and melanocyte damage under oxidative stress
Ma, J., Yuan, M., Guo, S., Gao, T., Li, C., & Liu, L. (2025) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2025.08.027 · Cited by 9
Metabolic rewiring prevents neurodegeneration caused by chronic mitochondrial dysfunction
Richhariya, S., Shin, D., Schlichting, M., & Rosbash, M. (2025) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2025.09.063 · Cited by 13
The role of gut dysbiosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: Insights on pathogenesis, intervention and future perspective
Yu, X., Li, M., & Li, H. (2025) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2025.118846 · Cited by 13
HSPB8 Overexpression Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in Diabetic Mice via Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammation Activation
Chang, Y., Wu, Y., Jiang, X., Zhu, J., Wang, C., Ma, R., & Li, G. (2022) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2022/9251835 · Cited by 9
“The central player in mitochondrial ﬁ ssion is DRP1 [13].”
Talk to Me—Interplay between Mitochondria and Microbiota in Aging
Endres, K., & Friedland, K. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241310818 · Cited by 9
“However, aging of mitochondria cannot be seen as clear as for bacteria, or even for eukaryotic cells, due to their specific biology: mitochondria not only undergo fission, but they also fuse, and this continuous and fast exchange of organelle content (“kiss and run”) can lead to preservation of a coherent population (…”
Background
Transcription Factor EB: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Ischemic Stroke
Shao, J., Lang, Y., Ding, M., Yin, X. L., & Cui, L. (2023) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x21666230724095558 · Cited by 9
“The delicate dynamic balance between fission and fusion is critical for maintaining optimal mitochondrial function and meeting specific metabolic and energetic cellular demands following ischemic brain injury [125].”
Background
Regulation of mitochondrial inner membrane fusion: divergent evolution with similar solutions?
Wagener, J. (2015) · Current Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00294-015-0542-6 · Cited by 9
“However, the short OPA1 isoforms primarily originate from processing events catalyzed by proteases other than the mitochondrial rhomboid protease PARL (the mammalian Pcp1 ortholog) (Duvezin-Caubet et al. 2007; Chan 2012; Chan and McQuibban 2013; Anand et al. 2014).”
Adhesion Regulating Molecule 1 Mediates HAP40 Overexpression-Induced Mitochondrial Defects
Huang, Z.-N., Chung, H. M., Fang, S., & Her, L. (2017) · International Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijbs.20742 · Cited by 9
“Mitochondrial network undergoes constant morphological changes that are directly relevant to their functional status and energy metabolism [31].”
Background
Preliminary investigations on the role of Drp-1 dependent mitochondrial fission in attenuating RLR downstream signaling during nervous necrosis virus infection
Krishnan, R., Jeena, K., & Prasad, K. P. (2018) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2018.07.003 · Cited by 9
“Mitochondria are the most dynamic organelle in the cell that constantly undergoes fission and fusion to facilitate cellular homeostasis [1].”
No Country for Old Worms: A Systematic Review of the Application of C. elegans to Investigate a Bacterial Source of Environmental Neurotoxicity in Parkinson’s Disease
Caldwell, K. A., Thies, J. L., & Caldwell, G. A. (2018) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo8040070 · Cited by 9
“Since abnormal mitochondrial fission/fusion is associated with ∆Ψm collapse [75,76], we decided to explore whether the metabolite altered the regular fission/fusion cycles that are regulated by the GTPases (Drp1 and Opa1) and mitofusins (Mfn1/Mfn2) that are located on the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes.”
Background
Parkin-mediated mitochondrial quality control protects against aluminum-induced liver damage in mice
Xiao, B., Cui, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, M., Liu, P., Zhang, J., Zhang, X., Song, M., Han, Y., & Li, Y. (2021) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2021.112485 · Cited by 9
Lack of age-related respiratory changes in Daphnia
Anderson, C. E., Ekwudo, M. N., Jonas-Closs, R. A., Cho, Y., Peshkin, L., Kirschner, M. W., & Yampolsky, L. Y. (2022) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-021-09947-6 · Cited by 9
Mitochondrial dysfunction in mandibular hypoplasia, deafness and progeroid features with concomitant lipodystrophy (MDPL) patients
Murdocca, M., Spitalieri, P., Cappello, A., Colasuonno, F., Moreno, S., Candi, E., D’Apice, M. R., Novelli, G., & Sangiuolo, F. C. (2022) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.203910 · Cited by 9
“Mitochondria are part of a comprehensive network maintained by a sophisticate balance between mitochondrial biogenesis, fission and fusion, and mitophagy [24, 25].”
Background
Aberrant mitochondrial dynamics contributes to diaphragmatic weakness induced by mechanical ventilation
Dridi, H., Yehya, M., Barsotti, R., Liu, Y., Reiken, S. R., Azria, L., Yuan, Q., Bahlouli, L., Soni, R. K., Marks, A. R., et al. (2023) · PNAS Nexus · doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad336 · Cited by 9
“Well-coordinated fusion and fission processes sculpt mitochondria to meet metabolic requirements and facilitate the removal of impaired organelles [8].”
Background
Spreading depolarization causes reversible neuronal mitochondria fragmentation and swelling in healthy, normally perfused neocortex
Sword, J., Fomitcheva, I. V., & Kirov, S. A. (2024) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x241257887 · Cited by 9
“48,56,57 Such dynamics is necessary to retain a healthy mitochondrial population through fusion, which is thought to maintain mitochondrial bioenergetics, and fission, which partitions injured mitochondria from the healthy mitochondrial network for degradation by mitophagy.”
Role of mitochondrial dynamics in mouse preimplantation embryonic development and its molecular mechanisms
Sun, X., Li, Q., & Chen, B. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-05622-9 · Cited by 8
“Studies in somatic cells have revealed that mitochondrial fusion and fission are regulated by a group of GTPases, including mitofusin 1 (MFN1), mitofusin 2 (MFN2), optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), and dynamin-related protein1(DRP1) 10 .”
Peroxiredoxin Ⅲ mitigates mitochondrial H2O2-mediated damage and supports quality control in cardiomyocytes under hypoxia-reoxygenation stress
Park, J. W., Sonn, S. K., Lee, B., Oh, G. T., & Chang, T. (2025) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2025.103799 · Cited by 8
“Fusion promotes the mixing of mitochondrial contents, fission segregates damaged regions, and mitophagy eliminates dysfunctional mitochondria through selective autophagy [23,24].”
Multiple omics analysis reveals the regulation of SIRT5 on mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism during the differentiation of bovine preadipocytes
Hong, J., Raza, S. H. A., Ma, H., Cao, W., Chong, Y., Wu, J., Xi, D., & Deng, W. (2023) · Genomics · doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110773 · Cited by 8
Impaired Mitochondrial Network Morphology and Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Fibroblasts from Parkinson’s Disease Patients
Kritskaya, K. A., Fedotova, E. I., & Berezhnov, A. V. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12020282 · Cited by 8
“To eliminate the toxic effects of dysfunctional mitochondria, organisms have developed a complex system of mitochondrial quality control implemented through the processes of mitochondrial fission/fusion [2] and the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy.”
Background
Loss of Msp1p in Schizosaccharomyces pombe induces a ROS ‐dependent nuclear mutator phenotype that affects mitochondrial fission genes
Delerue, T., Khosrobakhsh, F., Daloyau, M., Emorine, L. J., Dedieu, A., Herbert, C. J., Bonnefoy, N., Pelloquin, L., & Belenguer, P. (2016) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1002/1873-3468.12432 · Cited by 8
Mitochondrial Fission and Fusion
Hewitt, V. L., & Whitworth, A. J. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803783-6.00003-1 · Cited by 10
Removal of the Mitochondrial Fission Factor Mff Exacerbates Neuronal Loss and Neurological Phenotypes in a Huntington's Disease Mouse Model
Yong, M., Chen, H., & Chan, D. C. (2018) · PLoS Currents · doi:10.1371/currents.hd.a4e15b80c4915c828d39754942c6631f · Cited by 10
Sustained adenosine exposure causes endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction via equilibrative nucleoside transporters
Ko, J., Rounds, S., & Lü, Q. (2020) · Pulmonary Circulation · doi:10.1177/2045894020924994 · Cited by 9
“Key proteins involved in mitochondrial fission, such as dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), and mitochondrial fusion, such as Mitofusin 1 and 2 (Mfn1 and Mfn2), are essential for cell survival.(39,41) Mice deficient in either Mfn1 and Mfn2 die in midgestation, and interruption of mitochondrial fusion results in loss of…”
Background
Anti-hyperlipidemic, Anti-inflammatory, and Ameliorative Effects of DRP1 Inhibition in Rats with Experimentally Induced Myocardial Infarction
Chen, X., Liang, J., Bin, W., Luo, H., & Yang, X. (2021) · Cardiovascular Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s12012-021-09691-w · Cited by 8
Plasticity of perisynaptic astroglia during ischemia-induced spreading depolarization
Fomitcheva, I. V., Sword, J., Shi, Y., & Kirov, S. A. (2022) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhac434 · Cited by 8
Mitophagy alleviates AIF-mediated spleen apoptosis induced by AlCl3 through Parkin stabilization in mice
Song, M., Zhang, J., Huo, S., Zhang, X., Cui, Y., & Li, Y. (2023) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2023.113762 · Cited by 9
Endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by turbulence of mitochondrial fusion and fission was involved in stressed cardiomyocyte injury
Zhang, S., Li, Y., Zhu, W., Zhang, L., Lei, L., Tian, X., Chen, K. G., Shi, W., & Cong, B. (2023) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.17901 · Cited by 8
“14,15 Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that interact with other organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, to communicate informa - tion.”
Background
Dynamic Restructuring of the Myocardial Mitochondria in Response to Uridine Modulation of the Activity of Mitochondrial ATP-Dependent Potassium Channel under Conditions of Acute Hypoxic Hypoxia
Mironova, G. D., Rozova, E. V., Belosludtseva, N. V., & Man’kovskaya, I. N. (2019) · Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10517-019-04445-9 · Cited by 8
Natural and Artificial Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Genome Elimination
Zakirova, E. G., Muzyka, V. V., Mazunin, I., & Orishchenko, К. E. (2021) · Life · doi:10.3390/life11020076 · Cited by 9
“Recruited enzymes ubiquitinate mitofusins (MFNs) and other proteins located at the OMM and are responsible for its fusion [58].”
Background
Intracellular organelle networks: Understanding their organization and communication through systems-level modeling and analysis
Ba, Q., & Yang, G. (2017) · Frontiers in Biology · doi:10.1007/s11515-016-1436-9 · Cited by 8
“An important line of evidence comes from studies of mitochondrial fusion and fission (Chan, 2012; Youle and van der Bliek, 2012) as well as transport and anchoring mediated spatial distribution (Frederick and Shaw, 2007; Sheng and Cai, 2012; Sheng, 2014).”
Influential
Mitochondrial Fragmentation Due to Inhibition of Fusion Increases Cyclin B through Mitochondrial Superoxide Radicals
Gupte, T. M. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0126829 · Cited by 8
“Mitochondrial morphology is maintained by a balance of fission and fusion [1], allowing mitochondrial fragmentation to be achieved either by inhibiting fusion or by increasing fission.”
Background
S ‐Allylcysteine Ameliorates Aging Features via Regulating Mitochondrial Dynamics in Naturally Aged C57BL/6J Mice
Chen, P., Chang, C., Lin, W., Nagabhushanam, K., Ho, C., & Pan, M. (2022) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.202101077 · Cited by 8
Metabolic consequences of PGC-1α dysregulation in adult zebrafish muscle
Kurchaba, N. W., Charette, J. M., & LeMoine, C. M. R. (2022) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00188.2021 · Cited by 8
Neuronal glycolysis meets mitophagy to govern organismal wellbeing
Jiménez-Blasco, D., Lapresa, R., Agulla, J., Almeida, Á., & Bolaños, J. P. (2025) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2025.05.005 · Cited by 8
Exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls affects mitochondrial bioenergetics and plasticity
Peixoto-Rodrigues, M. C., Borges-Martins, V. P. P., Monteiro-Neto, J. R., Vicente, B., Guimarães, L. J., Carvalho, C. F., Galina, A., Midlej, V. D. V. P., Toborek, M. J., Hauser‐Davis, R. A., et al. (2025) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2025.103862 · Cited by 7
“Interference with the equilibrium between these processes can lead to fragmented or hyperfused mitochondria, resulting in cellular dysfunction [6].”
The Emerging Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Thyroid Cancer: Mediating Tumor Progression, Drug Resistance, and Reshaping of the Immune Microenvironment
Zhang, Y., Han, H., Zhang, T., Zhang, T., Ma, L., Yang, Z. R., & Zhao, Y. (2025) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom15091292 · Cited by 8
Mitochondrial dysfunction as the “mother” of all hallmarks of aging
Weissig, V. (2025) · Journal of Mitochondria Plastids and Endosymbiosis · doi:10.1080/28347056.2025.2560191 · Cited by 9
Structural and Metabolic Remodeling of Skeletal Muscle in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Review: Beyond the Failing Heart
Chaudhari, M., Makhloufi, J., Doelling, B., Kataria, R., Bhatnagar, A., Kalra, D. K., & Baba, S. P. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27062886 · Cited by 9
“Other proteins involved in the fission process include dynamin 2, human mitochondrial dynamics proteins 49 and 51, mitochondrial fission factor 1 protein (MFP1), and mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) [47–50].”
p32/OPA1 axis-mediated mitochondrial dynamics contributes to cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer
Yu, C., Peng, Z.-Q., Wang, T., Qu, X.-H., Yang, P. C., Huang, S.-R., Jiang, L.-P., Tou, F., & Han, X. (2023) · Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica · doi:10.3724/abbs.2023247 · Cited by 7
“Instead, mitochondrial fission produces a large number of small and broken mitochondria, which are implicated in the stress response and apoptosis [11].”
Background
Lipidomics reveals the reshaping of the mitochondrial phospholipid profile in cells lacking OPA1 and mitofusins
Castellaneta, A., Losito, I., Porcelli, V., Barile, S., Maresca, A., Dotto, V. D., Losacco, V., Guadalupi, L. S., Calvano, C. D., Chan, D. C., et al. (2024) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100563 · Cited by 7
“Fission allows for the isolation of excessively deteriorated mitochondria to be targeted for autophagic removal by fusing with lysosomes (12, 13).”
Background
Mitochondrial components transferred by MSC-derived exosomes promoted bone regeneration under high salt microenvironment via DRP1/Wnt signaling
Wang, Y., Lin, S., Chen, L., Li, M., Zhu, Z., Zhuang, Z., Cai, M., Zhang, H., Xing, C., Li, W., et al. (2024) · Nano Research · doi:10.1007/s12274-024-6758-3 · Cited by 9
Maternal Low-Protein Diet Leads to Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Impaired Energy Metabolism in the Skeletal Muscle of Male Rats
Vidyadharan, V. A., Betancourt, A., Smith, C., Blesson, C. S., & Yallampalli, C. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms252312860 · Cited by 10
SET overexpression in HEK293 cells regulates mitochondrial uncoupling proteins levels within a mitochondrial fission/reduced autophagic flux scenario
Almeida, L. O., Goto, R. N., Neto, M. P. C., Sousa, L. O., Curti, C., & Leopoldino, A. M. (2015) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.104 · Cited by 7
N-alkyl triphenylvinylpyridinium conjugated dihydroartemisinin perturbs mitochondrial functions resulting in enhanced cancer versus normal cell toxicity
Varmazyad, M., Modi, M. M., Kalen, A. L., Sarsour, E. H., Wagner, B. A., Du, J., Schultz, M. K., Buettner, G. R., Pigge, F. C., & Goswami, P. C. (2021) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.050 · Cited by 9
Nicotinamide effects on the metabolism of human fibroblasts and keratinocytes assessed by quantitative, label-free fluorescence imaging
Liu, Z., Chiang, C. ‐., Nip, J., Feng, L., Zhang, Y., Rocha, S., & Georgakoudi, I. (2021) · Biomedical Optics Express · doi:10.1364/boe.432561 · Cited by 7
From dynamin related proteins structures and oligomers to membrane fusion mediated by mitofusins
Ozeir, M., & Cohen, M. M. (2022) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics · doi:10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148913 · Cited by 7
Willin/FRMD6 Mediates Mitochondrial Dysfunction Relevant to Neuronal Aβ Toxicity
Chen, D., Yu, W., Aitken, L., & Gunn‐Moore, F. J. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11193140 · Cited by 7
“Because mitochondrial fission and fusion play critical roles in the maintenance of mitochondrial function [45,46], we next evaluated mitochondrial morphology using an unbiased deep-learning based segmentation and analysis tool, MitoSegNet [38].”
BackgroundMethod
Low-Intensity Exercise Training Additionally Increases Mitochondrial Dynamics Caused by High-Fat Diet (HFD) but Has No Additional Effect on Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Fast-Twitch Muscle by HFD
Kang, Y. S., Seong, D., Kim, J.-C., & Kim, S. H. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17155461 · Cited by 8
Mitochondrial Maintenance in Skeletal MusclePreprint
de Smalen, L. M., & Handschin, C. (2024) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a041514 · Cited by 12
MITF promotes MFN2-dependent mitochondrial fusion to protect retinal pigment epithelial cells from mitochondrial damage
Chen, Y.-A., Lu, W.-N., Li, P., Nie, T., Li, Y., Zeng, R., Lin, S., Gao, M., Hejtmancik, J. F., Hou, L., et al. (2025) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2025.07.025 · Cited by 6
Deterioration of Cytochrome C Content and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Brain of Male Rats after Sub-Chronic Exposure to Thiamethoxam and Protective Role of N- Acetylcysteine
Abdel‐Razik, R. K., Mosallam, E. M., & Hamed, N. (2022) · Alexandria Science Exchange Journal · doi:10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2022.223119 · Cited by 6
“…activate a chain of events such as reduced transcription and partial assembly of the electron transport chain (ETC) complexes, which leads to decreased ETC activity, thus lowering ATP synthesis, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and apoptosis (Gredilla et al., 2010; Chan, 2012).”
Background

Authors: Chan, D. C.
Affiliations: California Institute of Technology (US)
Corresponding author: Chan, David C.
ORCID: Chan, David C.
Venue: Annual Review of Genetics
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2012-12-15
Volume: 46
Issue: 1
Pages: 265-287
ISSN: 0066-4197 (ISSN-L)
1545-2948
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-110410-132529
OpenAlex: W2157334943
Cited by: 1,196
References: 141
Citations by year: 2026: 56 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 73 · 2023: 97 · 2022: 94 · 2021: 109 · 2020: 110 · 2019: 102 · 2018: 96 · 2017: 93 · 2016: 89 · 2015: 100 · 2014: 76 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 3.80
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Genetics (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Howard Hughes Medical Institute
National Institutes of Health
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM062967, GM083121, GM062967, R01GM083121)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
Keywords: mitochondrial fusion, mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial DNA stability, respiratory capacity, apoptosis, cellular stress response, mitophagy, mitochondrial disease
MeSH terms: Animals, DNA, Mitochondrial, Humans, Membrane Proteins, Mitochondria, Mitosis, Mutation, Apoptosis, GTP Phosphohydrolases, Mitochondrial Diseases, Dynamins, Mitochondrial Membranes, Mice, Mitochondrial Size, Mitochondrial Turnover

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Fusion and Fission: Interlinked Processes Critical for Mitochondrial Health

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks