Phanerozoic Atmospheric Oxygen
Abstract
▪ Abstract Theoretical calculations, based on both the chemical and isotopic composition of sedimentary rocks, indicate that atmospheric O 2 has varied appreciably over Phanerozoic time, with a notable excursion during the Permo-Carboniferous reaching levels as high as 35% O 2. This agrees with measurements of the carbon isotopic composition of fossil plants together with experiments and calculations on the effect of O 2 on photosynthetic carbon isotope fractionation. The principal cause of the excursion was the rise of large vascular land plants and the consequent increased global burial of organic matter. Higher levels of O 2 are consistent with the presence of Permo-Carboniferous giant insects, and preliminary experiments indicate that insect body size can increase with elevated O 2. Higher O 2 also may have caused more extensive, possibly catastrophic, wildfires. To check this, realistic burning experiments are needed to examine the effects of elevated O 2 on fire behavior.
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The Phanerozoic Earth range was determined by varying initial oxygen mixing ratios from 0.1 to 0.3, the range inferred for the Phanerozoic.
“the Phanerozoic Earth range was determined by using the abundances from (25) but varying initial oxygen mixing ratios from 0.1 to 0.3, which is the range inferred for the Phanerozoic (30).”
From Disequilibrium biosignatures over Earth history and implications for detecting exoplanet life (2018) · cites this paper as [30]
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THE EARLY HISTORY OF ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN: Homage to Robert M. Garrels
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- Authors
- Berner, R. A., Beerling, D. J., Dudley, R., Robinson, J. M., & Wildman, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Murdoch University (AU)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2003-05
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 105-134
- ISSN
- 0084-6597 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4495
- OpenAlex
- W2157742709
- Cited by
- 261
- References
- 133
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 1.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Murdoch University Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Royal Society
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Earth Systems and Cosmic Evolution
- Keywords
- atmospheric oxygen, Phanerozoic, Permo-Carboniferous, carbon isotopes, fossil plants, organic matter burial, giant insects, insect body size, forest fires, fire behavior, paleoatmosphere
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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