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Partitioning of Time as an Ecological Resource
Abstract
▪ Abstract Animal species have evolved different diel activity rhythms that are of adaptive value. Theory suggests that diel temporal partitioning may facilitate coexistence between competitors and between predators and prey. However, relatively few studies demonstrate a temporal shift that is predation- or competition-induced. Recorded shifts are usually within the preferred activity phase of animal species (day or night), although there are some inversions to the opposite phase cycle. Temporal partitioning is not perceived as a common mechanism of coexistence. This rarity has been variously ascribed to theoretical considerations and to the rigidity of time-keeping mechanisms, as well as to other physiological and anatomical traits that may constrain activity patterns. Our decade-long study of spiny mice of rocky deserts demonstrates that, while different factors select for activity patterns, endogenous rhythmicity may be an evolutionary constraint.
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“Similarly, there is growing evidence that within-species competition can influence the timing of an individual’s activity within the species’ normal active period (called “Temporal Partitioning”; [98]).”
From The neuroendocrine control of the circadian system: Adolescent chronotype (2012) · cites this paper as [98]
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Sharma, S., Gupta, J., Jain, A., Panda, D., Maurya, K. K., & Singh, R. K. (2026) · Ecologies · doi:10.3390/ecologies7020058
“During periods of high prey abundance, overlap may increase as both species exploit abundant resources, whereas during periods of limited resources, species may diverge their diets to reduce competition [27].”
TEMPORAL ECOLOGY OF DASYPROCTA AZARAE (RODENTIA, DASYPROCTIDAE) IN CENTRAL BRAZIL
Silva, R. D., Linhares, M. C., Zagallo, Â. A., Rocha-Campos, C. C., Braz, V., & Hass, A. (2026) · Revista de Geopolítica · doi:10.56238/revgeov17n6-083
Matsubara, H., Fukuda, S., & Nakashima, N. (2026) · Bioacoustics · doi:10.1080/09524622.2026.2682598
“Shifts in diel or seasonal activity can further function as early behavioural signals of interspecific effects (Kronfeld-Schor and Dayan 2003), often emerging before population-level consequences manifest.”
Tirozzi, P., Dondina, O., Orioli, V., Cavagnis, E., Bacchi, A., Boselli, M., Cecere, F., Ancillotto, L., Mori, E., & Bani, L. (2026) · Mammalian Biology · doi:10.1007/s42991-026-00606-2
Risk Effects Impact Carnivore Population Persistence
Pauli, J. N., Shiratsuru, S., Smith, M. M., & Curras, M. R. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780191996665.003.0009
Lu, X., Yan, W., Zeng, Z., Xue, S., & Wang, Q. (2026) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.73929
“When resource abundance increases in the wet season, competitive pressure eases, allowing them to fully execute their inherent, more distinctly differentiated activity strategies (Gause 1934; Kronfeld-Schor and Dayan 2003).”
Herrera-Huayhua, C. M., Castelo, J. A., Colan-Rodriguez, R. W., Sallo, E. A., & Marquina-Montesinos, E. L. (2026) · Ornithology Research · doi:10.1007/s43388-026-00302-2
“…we evaluate whether observed fluctuations may also signal temporal segregation as a potential mechanism of resource partitioning, ultimately providing insights into how coexistence is structured among species with overlapping ecological requirements (Schoener 1974; Kronfeld-Schor and Dayan 2003 ).”
Lv, F., Hu, X., Yao, J., Tian, J., Yang, R., Wang, Y., Huang, Z., & Zhai, J. (2026) · Global Ecology and Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2026.e04334
MAQBOOL, I., Maqbool, A., SIDHU, H. K., Hassan, A., & Wachkoo, A. A. (2026) · Phytoparasitica · doi:10.1007/s12600-026-01407-6
“Temporal niche partitioning, in which species segregate their activity periods to reduce direct competition, is one important mechanism that facilitates coexistence among organisms exploiting similar resources (Kronfeld-Schor & Dayan, 2003).”
Diel changes of fish assemblages in aquatic herbaceous banks in an Amazonian floodplain lake
Köhler, D. M., SILVA, L. D. G., CAVALCANTE, P. A., BUENO, T. L., & Zuanon, J. A. S. (2026) · Acta Amazonica · doi:10.1590/1809-4392202500993
Zhang, Y., Xie, T., Tang, H., Wu, Y., Hu, H., Wang, C., Chen, X., & Yang, B. (2026) · Diversity · doi:10.3390/d18080443
Bottelli, F., & Corriale, M. J. (2026) · Mammalian Biology · doi:10.1007/s42991-026-00612-4
The phenology of the European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) and its environmental drivers
Moal, A. L., Tran, D., Payton, L., Geerebaert, Y., Pogoda, B., & Meyer, B. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-63105-x
Patra, M. K., Jain, D., Sadhu, A., Qureshi, Q., & Jhala, Y. V. (2026) · Mammal Research · doi:10.1007/s13364-026-00883-9 · Cited by 1
“These interactions are often complex and form the basis of community structuring in a given habitat (Kronfeld-Schor and Dayan 2003 ).”
InfluentialMoreira-Arce, D., Vergara, P. M., Alaniz, A. J., Hidalgo, C., Crespín, S. J., Gatica, L., Villalobos, R., Zúñiga, A. H., Contreras-Abarca, R., Paredes, M., et al. (2026) · Global Ecology and Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2026.e04356
Ant Responses to Climate Change: The Importance of the Vertical Dimension
Leahy, L. (2026) · Entomology in focus · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-21127-9_12
Tamada, K. (2026) · Journal of Ethology · doi:10.1007/s10164-026-00898-4
“Such flexibility in activity patterns is well recognized in animals and is often referred to as diel activity plasticity (Kronfeld-Schor and Dayan 2003).”
Arona, E., & Schiavini, A. (2026) · Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.pecon.2026.07.002
Bat Species Diversity at Rugezi Marsh, Northern Rwanda, as a Basis for Wetland Conservation
Webala, P. W., Kibiwot, S., Iribagiza, P., Hishamunda, P., Sánchez-Vendizú, P. Y., Pellón, J. J., Libke, Z., Muvunyi, R., Erkenswick, G., & Nsengimana, O. (2026) · Acta Chiropterologica · doi:10.3161/15081109acc2026.28.2.015
Parrino, E. L., Lapadula, S., Brognoli, D., Terraneo, G., Barzaghi, B., Boulamail, S., Balestra, V., Galbiati, M., Gandini, J. L., Grassi, G., et al. (2026) · Ecosphere · doi:10.1002/ecs2.70735
García, F. J., Miller, B. W., José Ochoa, G., Falcão, F. D. C., & Alvarez, M. R. D. V. (2026) · Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment · doi:10.1080/01650521.2026.2708749
Metadata
- Authors
- Kronfeld-Schor, N., & Dayan, T.
- Affiliations
- Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- ORCID
- Dayan, Tamar
- Venue
- Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2003-11
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 153-181
- ISSN
- 1543-592X (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2069
- OpenAlex
- W2159396718
- Cited by
- 1,021
- References
- 172
- Citations by year
- 2026: 93 · 2025: 88 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 75 · 2022: 76 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 0.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Israel Science Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Keywords
- temporal partitioning, diel activity patterns, ecological time, species coexistence, predator-prey interactions, competition (biology), spiny mouse, activity patterns, endogenous rhythms, evolutionary constraints
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