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Partitioning of Time as an Ecological Resource
Abstract
▪ Abstract Animal species have evolved different diel activity rhythms that are of adaptive value. Theory suggests that diel temporal partitioning may facilitate coexistence between competitors and between predators and prey. However, relatively few studies demonstrate a temporal shift that is predation- or competition-induced. Recorded shifts are usually within the preferred activity phase of animal species (day or night), although there are some inversions to the opposite phase cycle. Temporal partitioning is not perceived as a common mechanism of coexistence. This rarity has been variously ascribed to theoretical considerations and to the rigidity of time-keeping mechanisms, as well as to other physiological and anatomical traits that may constrain activity patterns. Our decade-long study of spiny mice of rocky deserts demonstrates that, while different factors select for activity patterns, endogenous rhythmicity may be an evolutionary constraint.
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“Similarly, there is growing evidence that within-species competition can influence the timing of an individual’s activity within the species’ normal active period (called “Temporal Partitioning”; [98]).”
From The neuroendocrine control of the circadian system: Adolescent chronotype (2012) · cites this paper as [98]
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BackgroundInfluentialActivity Patterns of Free-Ranging Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) Revealed by Accelerometry
Ryan, M. A., Whisson, D. A., Holland, G. J., & Arnould, J. P. Y. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080366 · Cited by 53
“, [1-3]).”
Effects of Temperature on Circadian Clock and Chronotype: An Experimental Study on a Passerine Bird
Lehmann, M., Spoelstra, K., Visser, M. E., & Helm, B. (2012) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2012.707159 · Cited by 56
“Being in time can give an advantage, e.g., in foraging for food, finding a mating partner, or escaping predators (Kronfeld-Schor & Dayan, 2003; Moore & Doherty, 2009; Sakai & Ishida, 2001).”
BackgroundMoreira‐Arce, D., Vergara, P. M., & Boutin, S. A. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0137854 · Cited by 53
“However, carnivore studies are usually based on the premise that anthropogenic landscape-scale processes that influence the persistence of carnivore populations are invariant over time, at least in the short-term [11].”
BackgroundAguzzi, J., Sbragaglia, V., Tecchio, S., & Navarro, J. (2014) · Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers · doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2014.10.003 · Cited by 52
Temporal niche segregation in two rodent assemblages of subtropical Mexico
Castro-Arellano, I., & Lacher, T. E. (2009) · Journal of Tropical Ecology · doi:10.1017/s0266467409990186 · Cited by 52
Temperature influences the activity patterns of armadillo species in a large neotropical wetland
Maccarini, T. B., Attias, N., Medri, Í. M., Marinho‐Filho, J., & Mourão, G. M. (2015) · Mammal Research · doi:10.1007/s13364-015-0232-2 · Cited by 52
“It can facilitate coexistence through avoidance of direct confrontation (interference competition) or through the reduction of overlap in resource demand (resource competition; Kronfeld-Schor and Dayan 2003).”
BackgroundAlarcón, P. A. E., Morales, J. M., Donázar, J. A., Sánchez‐Zapata, J. A., Hiraldo, F., & Lambertucci, S. A. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-11855-0 · Cited by 52
Lee, S. X. T., Amir, Z., Moore, J. H., Gaynor, K. M., & Luskin, M. S. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-45905-9 · Cited by 55
“Meanwhile, competitors may repel each other through aggressive interactions leading to complementary activity patterns (i.e., temporal niche partitioning) 7,8 .”
Diel activity patterns of northern Australian small mammals: variation, fixity, and plasticity
Diete, R. L., Meek, P., Dickman, C., Lisle, A., & Leung, L. (2017) · Journal of Mammalogy · doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyx003 · Cited by 38
“This has been demonstrated in manipulative experiments on captive small mammals (Ziv et al. 1993), but is observed more rarely in the natural environment than might be expected (Schoener 1974; Kronfeld-Schor and Dayan 2003).”
BackgroundEffect street light pollution on the photosynthetic efficiency of different plants
Meravi, N., & Prajapati, S. K. (2018) · Biological Rhythm Research · doi:10.1080/09291016.2018.1518206 · Cited by 51
Mammalian ranges are experiencing erosion of natural darkness
Duffy, J. P., Bennie, J., Durán, A. P., & Gaston, K. J. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep12042 · Cited by 49
Marine artificial light at night: An empirical and technical guide
Tidau, S., Smyth, T., McKee, D., Wiedenmann, J., D’Angelo, C., Wilcockson, D. C., Ellison, A., Grimmer, A. J., Jenkins, S. R., Widdicombe, S., et al. (2021) · Methods in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1111/2041-210x.13653 · Cited by 45
“The earth’s rotation creates diurnal light-dark cycles (24 hours) including twilight (Kronfeld-Schor & Dayan, 2003).”
BackgroundHood, G. R., Blankinship, D., Doellman, M. M., & Feder, J. L. (2021) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/brv.12735 · Cited by 48
“Toft, 1985; Ross, 1986; Wright, 2002; Kronfeld-Schor & Dayan, 2003; Luiselli, 2006; Morin, 2011; Cozzi et al., 2012) may reflect more of an organismal bias than a general truism.”
BackgroundCathemerality: a key temporal niche
Cox, D. T. C., & Gaston, K. J. (2023) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/brv.13024 · Cited by 51
“This may allow external factors (e.g. temperature, predator – prey relationships) to mask the endogenous rhythm, resulting in a higher degree of fl exibility in the timing of activity than originally thought (Kronfeld-Schor & Dayan, 2003, Kronfeld-Schor, 2008; Bloch et al ., 2013).”
BackgroundEffects of free-ranging livestock on sympatric herbivores at fine spatiotemporal scales
Feng, R., Lu, X.-Y., Xiao, W.-H., Feng, J.-W., Sun, Y.-F., Guan, Y., Feng, L., Smith, J. L. D., Ge, J., & Wang, T.-M. (2018) · Landscape Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10980-021-01226-6 · Cited by 37
Eilam, D. (2004) · BMC Ecology · doi:10.1186/1472-6785-4-16 · Cited by 48
“The common spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus) was selected for this study since it is a strictly nocturnal species that displaces other species to crepescular or diurnal activity [ 17 ,18].”
BackgroundTemporal Links in Daily Activity Patterns between Coral Reef Predators and Their Prey
Bosiger, Y. J., & McCormick, M. I. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111723 · Cited by 48
“evolutionary constraint inhibiting plasticity in diel activity patterns [11,14].”
BackgroundMasking and Temporal Niche Switches in Spiny Mice
Cohen, R., Smale, L., & Kronfeld‐Schor, N. (2010) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730409351672 · Cited by 46
“The current data provide further support for the hypothesis that golden spiny mice are in an intermediate state of adaptation representative of what can occur during evolutionary transitions from nocturnality to diurnality (Cohen and Kronfeld-Schor, 2006; Kronfeld-Schor and Dayan, 2003, 2008).”
ResultNight Shift: Expansion of Temporal Niche Use Following Reductions in Predator Density
McCauley, D. J., Hoffmann, E., Young, H. S., & Micheli, F. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038871 · Cited by 47
“[33] – a somewhat curious observation given the frequency and”
BackgroundTagg, N., McCarthy, M. S., Dieguez, P., Bocksberger, G., Willie, J., Mundry, R., Stewart, F. A., Arandjelovic, M., Widness, J., Landsmann, A., et al. (2018) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.23478 · Cited by 47
Consistent diel activity patterns of forest mammals among tropical regions
Vallejo‐Vargas, A. F., Sheil, D., Semper‐Pascual, A., Beaudrot, L. H., Ahumada, J., Akampurira, E., Bitariho, R., Espinosa, S., Estienne, V., Jansen, P. A., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-34825-1 · Cited by 64
Haswell, P. M., Kusak, J., Jones, K. A., & Hayward, M. W. (2020) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/s00265-020-02831-2 · Cited by 47
The number of competitor species is unlinked to sexual dimorphism
Meiri, S., Kadison, A. E., Novosolov, M., Pafilis, P., Foufopoulos, J. B., Itescu, Y., Raia, P., & Pincheira‐Donoso, D. (2014) · Journal of Animal Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2656.12248 · Cited by 44
Aguzzi, J., Bahamón, N., & Marotta, L. L. D. S. (2009) · Marine Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0485.2008.00276.x · Cited by 44
Ellington, E. H., Muntz, E. M., & Gehrt, S. D. (2020) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/s00442-020-04754-1 · Cited by 44
Giné, G. A. F., Cassano, C. R., de Almeida, S. S., & de Faria, D. M. (2015) · Mammalian Biology · doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2015.07.003 · Cited by 44
Aguzzi, J., Sbragaglia, V., Santamaría, G. M. W., Fernández, J. D. R., Sardà, F., Nogueras, M., & Lázaro, A. M. (2013) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps10399 · Cited by 43
“Accordingly, the majority of species studied to date show a marked diurnal, nocturnal, or crepuscular patterning of their ecological niche (reviewed by Kronfeld-Schor & Dayan 2003, Aguzzi & Com- pany 2010).”
Persistence, Entrainment, and Function of Circadian Rhythms in Polar Vertebrates
Williams, C. T., Barnes, B. M., & Buck, C. L. (2015) · Physiology · doi:10.1152/physiol.00045.2014 · Cited by 47
“Temporal niche switching is a relatively unusual phenomenon in which animals alter their hormonal, physiological, and behavioral rhythms and occupy a different temporal niche without modifying the rhythm of the circadian pacemaker (68).”
BackgroundPayne, N. L., van der Meulen, D. E., Suthers, I. M., Gray, C. A., & Taylor, M. D. (2014) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/s00227-014-2603-7 · Cited by 42
Plasticity of Circadian Activity and Body Temperature Rhythms in Golden Spiny Mice
Cohen, R., Smale, L., & Kronfeld‐Schor, N. (2009) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420520902820939 · Cited by 43
Response of leopards to re-introduced tigers in Sariska Tiger Reserve, Western India
Mondal, K. (2012) · International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.5897/ijbc12.014 · Cited by 43
“Temporal segregation is a mechanism that ecologically similar species can use to avoid competition (Kronfeld-Schor and Dayan, 2003; Hayward and Slotow, 2009).”
BackgroundHofmann, G. S., Coelho, I. P., Bastazini, V. A. G., Cordeiro, J. L. P., & de Oliveira, L. F. B. (2015) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/s00484-015-1040-8 · Cited by 43
Reduced-impact logging and temporal activity of understorey bats in lowland Amazonia
Castro-Arellano, I., Presley, S. J., Willig, M. R., Wunderle, J. M., & Saldanha, L. N. (2009) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.04.013 · Cited by 46
“Temporal activity patterns of species are ecologically significant, and indicate the ways in which species exploit their environment (Pianka, 1973; Kronfeld-Schor and Dayan, 2003).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Kronfeld-Schor, N., & Dayan, T.
- Affiliations
- Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- ORCID
- Dayan, Tamar
- Venue
- Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2003-11
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 153-181
- ISSN
- 1543-592X (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2069
- OpenAlex
- W2159396718
- Cited by
- 1,021
- References
- 172
- Citations by year
- 2026: 93 · 2025: 88 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 75 · 2022: 76 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 0.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Israel Science Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Keywords
- temporal partitioning, diel activity patterns, ecological time, species coexistence, predator-prey interactions, competition (biology), spiny mouse, activity patterns, endogenous rhythms, evolutionary constraints
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