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Partitioning of Time as an Ecological Resource
Abstract
▪ Abstract Animal species have evolved different diel activity rhythms that are of adaptive value. Theory suggests that diel temporal partitioning may facilitate coexistence between competitors and between predators and prey. However, relatively few studies demonstrate a temporal shift that is predation- or competition-induced. Recorded shifts are usually within the preferred activity phase of animal species (day or night), although there are some inversions to the opposite phase cycle. Temporal partitioning is not perceived as a common mechanism of coexistence. This rarity has been variously ascribed to theoretical considerations and to the rigidity of time-keeping mechanisms, as well as to other physiological and anatomical traits that may constrain activity patterns. Our decade-long study of spiny mice of rocky deserts demonstrates that, while different factors select for activity patterns, endogenous rhythmicity may be an evolutionary constraint.
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“Similarly, there is growing evidence that within-species competition can influence the timing of an individual’s activity within the species’ normal active period (called “Temporal Partitioning”; [98]).”
From The neuroendocrine control of the circadian system: Adolescent chronotype (2012) · cites this paper as [98]
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BackgroundPhenological modularity in amphibian calling behaviour: Geographic trends and local determinants
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BackgroundHabitat when foraging does not explain temporal segregation by sex in a breeding seabird
Huffeldt, N. P., Linnebjerg, J. F., Fort, J., Merkel, F. R., & Frederiksen, M. (2021) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/s00227-021-03958-0 · Cited by 9
Ambu, J., Andersen, D., & Borzée, A. (2022) · Amphibia-Reptilia · doi:10.1163/15685381-bja10090 · Cited by 9
Circadian emergence and movement of captive juvenile tuatara ( Sphenodon spp.)
Terezow, M. G., Nelson, N. J., & Markwell, T. J. (2008) · New Zealand Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1080/03014220809510116 · Cited by 9
Photic induction of locomotor activity is correlated with photic habitat in Anolis lizards
Moore, A. F., Kawasaki, M., & Menaker, M. (2011) · Journal of Comparative Physiology A · doi:10.1007/s00359-011-0699-5 · Cited by 9
“The timing of behavioral activities defines an important dimension of ecological niche (Hutchinson 1957; Gotelli and Graves 1996; Kronfeld-Schor and Dayan 2003).”
Leite, M. D. S., Queiroz, T. L., Galliez, M., de Mendonça, P. P., & Fernandez, F. A. S. (2013) · Journal of Tropical Ecology · doi:10.1017/s0266467413000187 · Cited by 9
“The consistent pattern across Neotropical marsupials gives support for the importance of constraints in phylogenetically conservative factors of endogenous circadian rhythms (Kronfeld-Schor & Dayan 2003, Roll et al. 2006).”
BackgroundA metabolic view of amphibian local community structure: the role of activation energy
Canavero, A., Arim, M., Pérez, F., Jaksić, F. M., & Marquet, P. A. (2017) · Ecography · doi:10.1111/ecog.02336 · Cited by 9
Circadian periodicity in space use by ungulates of temperate regions: How much, when and why?
Péron, G., Duparc, A., Garel, M., Marchand, P., Morellet, N., Saı̈d, S., & Loison, A. (2018) · Journal of Animal Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2656.12857 · Cited by 11
Seasonal distribution and activity patterns of mesopredators and their prey in Southwest China
Bu, H., Hopkins, J. B., Li, S., & Wang, D. (2023) · Journal of Mammalogy · doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyad034 · Cited by 8
Daily Activity Rhythm of Sympatric Ungulate Species in Fanjingshan Reserve, China
Xiang, D., Meng, B., Xie, B., Huang, X.-L., Wang, C., Ran, J.-C., Su, H., & Zhang, M.-M. (2024) · Global Ecology and Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03271 · Cited by 10
Diel partitioning in microbial phosphorus acquisition in the Sargasso Sea
Muratore, D., Gilbert, N. E., LeCleir, G. R., Wilhelm, S. W., & Weitz, J. S. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2410268122 · Cited by 8
“Organisms taking turns in fulfilling specific ecological niches or taking up resources has been termed ‘temporal niche partitioning’ in terrestrial ecology [19,31].”
Wang, D., Li, Q., Gao, J., Su, X., & Lian, X. (2025) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani15142059 · Cited by 8
Widespread temporal niche partitioning in an adaptive radiation of cichlid fishes
Nichols, A. L. A., Shafer, M. E. R., Indermaur, A., Rüegg, A., Gonzalez-Dominguez, R., Malinsky, M., Sommer‐Trembo, C., Fritschi, L., Mesich, A., Abdalla-Wyse, A., et al. (2025) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-025-02819-z · Cited by 8
“…of models that allowed direct transitions between diurnal and nocturnal states (equal-rates (ER), symmetrical rates (SYM) and all-rates different (ARD) models) to constrained models where direct transitions between diurnal and nocturnal states were not allowed (bridge-only-SYM,…”
Ecological Drivers of Habitat Use by Meso Mammals in a Miombo Ecosystem in the Issa Valley, Tanzania
D’Ammando, G., Caro, T., Oelze, V. M., Phillips, S., Sime, P., Stewart, F. A., & Piel, A. K. (2022) · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.3389/fevo.2022.773568 · Cited by 9
“This is in turn is reflected by fine-scale strategies to avoid interference, among which temporal partitioning in activity patterns is the most common (Kronfeld-Schor and Dayan, 2003; Frey et al., 2017).”
BackgroundZhang, V. Y., Gagorik, C. N., Brenner, L. J., Boser, C. L., Theimer, T. C., & Buck, C. L. (2022) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/icac113 · Cited by 8
Hua, J., Lu, S., Song, K., Wang, J., Wang, J., & Xu, J. (2022) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani12212968 · Cited by 8
“Animals’ daily activity patterns are regulated by endogenous rhythms, which are shaped by external environment cues that change over a 24-h period [65].”
BackgroundDorfman, A., Subach, A., & Scharf, I. (2023) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.221652 · Cited by 8
“However, when species differ in their habitat use, such as by preferring distinct microhabitats or being active during different parts of the day, coexistence is more likely (spatial or temporal partitioning; [2,3]).”
BackgroundDisentangling Exploitative and Interference Competition on Forest Dwelling Salamanders
Rosa, G., Salvidio, S., & Costa, A. (2023) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani13122003 · Cited by 8
Avoiding visitors to a protected area increases predation risk for the endangered mountain gazelle
Zukerman, Y., Arnon, A., Roll, U., & Berger‐Tal, O. (2024) · People and Nature · doi:10.1002/pan3.10659 · Cited by 8
Harris, J., Smith, C. R., Winkel, D., Brunton, D. H., Goulet, C., & Chapple, D. G. (2020) · Austral ecology (Print) · doi:10.1111/aec.12984 · Cited by 4
“Similarly, laboratory-based trials could be used to determine whether there is interference competition between plague skinks and native skink species. For instance, Downes and Bauwens (2002) using basking site competition trials to demonstrate that invasive Italian wall lizards (Podarcis sicula) excluded native Dalma…”
BackgroundIsotopic Niche Partitioning in Avian Scavenger Communities of South America
Silverthorne, K. M., Perrig, P. L., Lambertucci, S. A., & Pauli, J. N. (2020) · Journal of Raptor Research · doi:10.3356/0892-1016-54.4.440 · Cited by 8
Bird activity patterns in the understorey of an evergreen forest in Oaxaca, Mexico
Pérez-Irineo, G., & Santos‐Moreno, A. (2021) · Neotropical Biology and Conservation · doi:10.3897/neotropical.16.e59360 · Cited by 8
“The effects may be more intense when the species have taxonomic or morphological proximity (Schoener 1974; Kronfeld-Schor and Dayan 2003).”
BackgroundInfluentialSparling, D. W., & Mott, C. L. (2010) · Behaviour · doi:10.1163/000579510x520998 · Cited by 8
Kough, A. S., Jacobs, G. R., Gorsky, D., & Willink, P. W. (2017) · Journal of Great Lakes Research · doi:10.1016/j.jglr.2017.10.008 · Cited by 8
Pei, Y., Vâlcu, M., & Kempenaers, B. (2018) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.0744 · Cited by 9
Chen, L., Shu, Z., Yao, W., Ma, Y., Xiao, W., & Xiaoqun, H. (2019) · Avian Research · doi:10.1186/s40657-019-0169-2 · Cited by 8
Feeding dynamics of the fiddler crab (Uca annulipes) in a non-tidal mangrove forest
Peer, N., Miranda, N. A. F., Perissinotto, R., & Raw, J. L. (2015) · Marine and Freshwater Research · doi:10.1071/mf15038 · Cited by 8
Tomassini, O., Favilla, A., Aghemo, A., Bedini, G., Petroni, G., Giunchi, D., & Massolo, A. (2024) · Acta Oecologica · doi:10.1016/j.actao.2024.103986 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Kronfeld-Schor, N., & Dayan, T.
- Affiliations
- Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- ORCID
- Dayan, Tamar
- Venue
- Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2003-11
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 153-181
- ISSN
- 1543-592X (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2069
- OpenAlex
- W2159396718
- Cited by
- 1,021
- References
- 172
- Citations by year
- 2026: 93 · 2025: 88 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 75 · 2022: 76 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 0.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Israel Science Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Keywords
- temporal partitioning, diel activity patterns, ecological time, species coexistence, predator-prey interactions, competition (biology), spiny mouse, activity patterns, endogenous rhythms, evolutionary constraints
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