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Partitioning of Time as an Ecological Resource
Abstract
▪ Abstract Animal species have evolved different diel activity rhythms that are of adaptive value. Theory suggests that diel temporal partitioning may facilitate coexistence between competitors and between predators and prey. However, relatively few studies demonstrate a temporal shift that is predation- or competition-induced. Recorded shifts are usually within the preferred activity phase of animal species (day or night), although there are some inversions to the opposite phase cycle. Temporal partitioning is not perceived as a common mechanism of coexistence. This rarity has been variously ascribed to theoretical considerations and to the rigidity of time-keeping mechanisms, as well as to other physiological and anatomical traits that may constrain activity patterns. Our decade-long study of spiny mice of rocky deserts demonstrates that, while different factors select for activity patterns, endogenous rhythmicity may be an evolutionary constraint.
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“Similarly, there is growing evidence that within-species competition can influence the timing of an individual’s activity within the species’ normal active period (called “Temporal Partitioning”; [98]).”
From The neuroendocrine control of the circadian system: Adolescent chronotype (2012) · cites this paper as [98]
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Frey, S., Volpe, J. P., Heim, N., Paczkowski, J., & Fisher, J. T. (2020) · Oikos · doi:10.1111/oik.07251 · Cited by 98
Lear, K. O., Whitney, N. M., Morris, J. J., & Gleiss, A. C. (2021) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2021.0816 · Cited by 100
Spatial and temporal adjustments allowing the coexistence among carnivores in Liguria (N-W Italy)
Torretta, E., Serafini, M., Puopolo, F., & Schenone, L. (2015) · acta ethologica · doi:10.1007/s10211-015-0231-y · Cited by 99
“Even though carnivore activity patterns along the diel cycle may depend on several factors, such as the internal regulation by an endogenous clock (Kronfeld-Schor and Dayan 2003), or as a consequence of both abiotic (Kowalczyk et al. 2003; Cozzi et al. 2012; Penteriani et al. 2013) and biotic…”
BackgroundArtificial light at night causes top‐down and bottom‐up trophic effects on invertebrate populations
Bennie, J., Davies, T. W., Cruse, D., Inger, R., & Gaston, K. J. (2018) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2664.13240 · Cited by 99
Caravaggi, A., Gatta, M., Vallely, M.-C., Hogg, K., Freeman, M. S., Fadaei, E., Dick, J. T. A., Montgomery, I. W., Reid, N., & Tosh, D. G. (2018) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.5827 · Cited by 99
Gaston, K. J., & Chown, S. L. (2005) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.0269-8463.2005.00948.x · Cited by 99
Mori, E., Bagnato, S., Serroni, P., Sangiuliano, A., Rotondaro, F., Marchianò, V., Cascini, V., Poerio, L., & Ferretti, F. (2019) · Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1111/jzo.12743 · Cited by 96
Maximising survival by shifting the daily timing of activity
van der Vinne, V., Tachinardi, P., Riede, S. J., Akkerman, J., Scheepe, J., Daan, S., & Hut, R. A. (2019) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/ele.13404 · Cited by 96
“…of daily activity timing on the survival of small mammals has only been considered in general (non-quantitative) terms (Daan 1981; Lima & Dill 1990; Kronfeld-Schor & Dayan 2003; Hut et al. 2012), preventing a full assessment of the implications of daily rhythms for the foraging/predation risk…”
A hierarchical classification of trophic guilds for North American birds and mammals
González-Salazar, C., Martínez-Meyer, E., & López-Santiago, G. (2014) · Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad · doi:10.7550/rmb.38023 · Cited by 92
Using conditional circular kernel density functions to test hypotheses on animal circadian activity
Oliveira‐Santos, L. G. R., Zucco, C. A., & Agostinelli, C. (2012) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.09.033 · Cited by 98
When carnivores roam: temporal patterns and overlap among M adagascar's native and exotic carnivores
Farris, Z. J., Gerber, B. D., Karpanty, S. M., Murphy, A., Andrianjakarivelo, V., Ratelolahy, F. J., & Kelly, M. J. (2015) · Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1111/jzo.12216 · Cited by 94
“Tem- poral avoidance may be a primary driver in reducing competition, leading to increased co-existence and thus enhanced biodiversity (Kronfeld-Schor & Dayan, 2003).”
BackgroundTemporal separation between jaguar and puma in the dry forests of southern Bolivia
Romero-Muñoz, A., Maffei, L., Cuéllar, E., & Noss, A. (2010) · Journal of Tropical Ecology · doi:10.1017/s0266467410000052 · Cited by 95
Comparative ecology of desert small mammals: a selective review of the past 30 years
Kelt, D. A. (2011) · Journal of Mammalogy · doi:10.1644/10-mamm-s-238.1 · Cited by 94
Tomotani, B. M., Flôres, D. E. F. L., Tachinardi, P., Paliza, J. D., Oda, G. A., & Valentinuzzi, V. S. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037918 · Cited by 93
TEMPORAL PARTITIONING: AN EXPERIMENT WITH TWO SPECIES OF SPINY MICE
Gutman, R., & Dayan, T. (2005) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/03-0369 · Cited by 92
Mammals adjust diel activity across gradients of urbanization
Gallo, T., Fidino, M., Gerber, B. D., Ahlers, A. A., Angstmann, J. L., Amaya, M., Concilio, A., Drake, D., Gay, D., Lehrer, E. W., et al. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.74756 · Cited by 91
Artificial Lighting at Night in Estuaries—Implications from Individuals to Ecosystems
Zapata, M. J., Sullivan, S. M. P., & Gray, S. M. (2018) · Estuaries and Coasts · doi:10.1007/s12237-018-0479-3 · Cited by 97
Niedballa, J., Wilting, A., Sollmann, R., Hofer, H., & Courtiol, A. (2019) · Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation · doi:10.1002/rse2.107 · Cited by 96
Aggressive interactions during feeding between native and invasive freshwater turtles
Polo‐Cavia, N., López, P., & Martín, J. M. (2010) · Biological Invasions · doi:10.1007/s10530-010-9897-2 · Cited by 90
“Temporal partitioning (usually asymmetrical) is another viable mechanism for coexistence between competitive species ( Kronfeld-Schor and Dayan 1999, 2003; Weinstein 2003).”
BackgroundAssessment of assemblage‐wide temporal niche segregation using null models
Castro-Arellano, I., Lacher, T., Willig, M., & Rangel, T. (2010) · Methods in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.2041-210x.2010.00031.x · Cited by 76
“Allocation of activity within either diurnal or nocturnal phases has strong phylogenetic constraints (Roll, Dayan, & Kronfeld-Schor 2006) and physiological adaptationsmay limit the plasticity of activity patterns (Kronfeld-Schor & Dayan 2003).”
BackgroundInfluentialDo prey select for vacant hunting domains to minimize a multi‐predator threat?
Kohl, M. T., Ruth, T. K., Metz, M. C., Stahler, D. R., Smith, D. W., White, P. J., & MacNulty, D. R. (2019) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/ele.13319 · Cited by 86
“These hypotheses have provided a productive framework for exploring prey spatial response to multiple predators, but they overlook the temporal dimension of the predator hunting domain, and how it may provide additional refuge from predation (Kronfeld-Schor & Dayan 2003).”
BackgroundVilella, M., Ferrandiz‐Rovira, M., & Sayol, F. (2020) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.6778 · Cited by 90
“…such as meteorology, the presence of large apex predators, human frequentation, or even ancient selective pressures that are not currently present (Kronfeld-Schor & Dayan, 2003; Parsons et al., 2016; Rosalino, Macdonald, & Santos-Reis, 2005; Suraci, Clinchy, Dill, Roberts, & Zanette, 2016).”
BackgroundInterspecific interactions between wild felids vary across scales and levels of urbanization
Lewis, J. S., Bailey, L., VandeWoude, S., & Crooks, K. (2015) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.1812 · Cited by 84
“Ultimately, competition can result in spatial and temporal niche partitioning between species, which can occur across fine to broad scales (Schoener 1983; Carothers and Jaksi c 1984).”
BackgroundChronobiology of Deep-Water Decapod Crustaceans on Continental Margins
Aguzzi, J., & Joan B. Company (2010) · Advances in marine biology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-381015-1.00003-4 · Cited by 86
Coral Gametogenesis Collapse under Artificial Light Pollution
Ayalon, I., Rosenberg, Y., Benichou, J. I. C., Campos, C. L. D., Sayco, S. L. G., Nada, M. A., Baquiran, J. I., Ligson, C. A., Avisar, D., Conaco, C., et al. (2020) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.039 · Cited by 88
Activity patterns of rodents: the physiological ecology of biological rhythms
Kronfeld‐Schor, N., & Dayan, T. (2008) · Biological Rhythm Research · doi:10.1080/09291010701683268 · Cited by 86
“…the fact that many of the recorded shifts in activity times or perceived patterns of temporal partitioning are contained within the preferred part of the diel cycle, whether day or night (reviewed by Kronfeld-Schor & Dayan 2003), although they are detectable only by detailed scientific research.”
BackgroundInfluentialJechow, A., & Hölker, F. (2019) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Water · doi:10.1002/wat2.1388 · Cited by 85
“The light cycle between night and day, the lunar cycle, weather or seasons serve as external cues (zeitgeber) for cyclic biological processes such as reproduction and foraging (Kronfeld-Schor & Dayan, 2003; Robert, Lesku, Partecke, & Chambers, 2015).”
BackgroundShamoon, H., Maor, R., Saltz, D., & Dayan, T. (2018) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2018.07.028 · Cited by 87
Coastal observatories for monitoring of fish behaviour and their responses to environmental changes
Aguzzi, J., Doya, C., Tecchio, S., Léo, F. C. D., Azzurro, E., Costa, C., Sbragaglia, V., Fernández, J. D. R., Navarro, J., Ruhl, H. A., et al. (2015) · Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries · doi:10.1007/s11160-015-9387-9 · Cited by 85
Landscape of human fear in Neotropical rainforest mammals
Mendes, C. P., Carreira, D., Pedrosa, F., Beca, G., Lautenschlager, L., Akkawi, P., Bercê, W., Ferraz, K. M. P. M. D. B., & Galetti, M. (2019) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108257 · Cited by 82
Barrull, J., Mate, I., Ruiz‐Olmo, J., Casanovas, J. G., Gosálbez, J., & Salicrú, M. (2013) · Mammalian Biology · doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2013.11.004 · Cited by 83
Wardhaugh, C. W. (2014) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/brv.12094 · Cited by 82
“However, for many species circadian rhythms may simply be the result of evolutionary constraints (Kronfeld-Schor & Dayan, 2003; Boulter et al., 2005), such that diurnal species are unable to become nocturnal to avoid diurnal predators and competitors or utilise nocturnal resources and vice versa.”
BackgroundMunsch, S., Cordell, J., & Toft, J. (2016) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps11862 · Cited by 75
“Compared to space, time is a less studied yet important axis on which consumers partition habitats (Kronfeld-Schor & Dayan 2003).”
BackgroundDiel niche variation in mammals associated with expanded trait space
Cox, D. T. C., Gardner, A. S., & Gaston, K. J. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22023-4 · Cited by 81
Hetem, R. S., Strauss, W. M., Fick, L. G., Maloney, S. K., Meyer, L. C. R., Shobrak, M., Fuller, A., & Mitchell, D. (2012) · Zoology · doi:10.1016/j.zool.2012.04.005 · Cited by 81
The twilight zone: ambient light levels trigger activity in primitive ants
Narendra, A., Reid, S. F., & Hemmi, J. (2010) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.2324 · Cited by 82
“Being active at different times of the day enables them to avoid predators, follow the temporal distribution of food resources and reduce competition and direct confrontation (Schoener 1974; Kronfeld-Schor & Dayan 2003).”
BackgroundDaily activity timing in the Anthropocene
Gilbert, N. A., McGinn, K. A., Nunes, L. A., Shipley, A. A., Bernath‐Plaisted, J. S., Clare, J. D. J., Murphy, P., Keyser, S. R., Thompson, K. L., Nelson, S. B. M., et al. (2022) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2022.10.008 · Cited by 77
“Timescape modi fi cation hypothesis: both the duration and temporal con fi guration of human disturbance in fl uence the ecological effects of novel activity timing Time can be conceptualized as habitat that is used by organisms [1,2].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Kronfeld-Schor, N., & Dayan, T.
- Affiliations
- Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- ORCID
- Dayan, Tamar
- Venue
- Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2003-11
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 153-181
- ISSN
- 1543-592X (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2069
- OpenAlex
- W2159396718
- Cited by
- 1,021
- References
- 172
- Citations by year
- 2026: 93 · 2025: 88 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 75 · 2022: 76 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 0.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Israel Science Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Keywords
- temporal partitioning, diel activity patterns, ecological time, species coexistence, predator-prey interactions, competition (biology), spiny mouse, activity patterns, endogenous rhythms, evolutionary constraints
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