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THE SEARCH FOR THE QUARK-GLUON PLASMA
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▪ Abstract We provide an overview of the present understanding of the transition from hadrons to a quark-gluon plasma, its signatures, and the experimental results so far. We discuss results of numerical simulations of the lattice gauge theory and critically evaluate the various observables that have been proposed as signatures of the QCD phase transition. We place the existing data from relativistic heavy-ion experiments at the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) and CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) into perspective and provide an overview of the techniques and strategies that will be employed in the search for the quark-gluon plasma at heavy-ion colliders, such as the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).
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“Boost invariance along the longitudinal direction entails that ε, p, s, T are all functions of proper time only[123, 124].”
From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [124]
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“In this description the dynamical evolution of the fluid is obtained from the conservation laws of energy-momentum, baryon number and entropy [67, 121, 124, 125] with an equation of state p = p ( ε ) to close the set of equations.”
From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [124]
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“Under the assumption that the central region is baryon free, the conservation of entropy and energy and momentum lead to the following equations (for details see [67, 121, 123, 124, 125])”
From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [124]
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“Asimple and phenomenologically useful description is provided by Bjorken's model for longitudinal expansion [67, 121, 123, 124].”
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“After the quark-gluon plasma achieves LTE, the evolution is conjectured to be described by hydrodynamic expansion [124].”
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“Although the evolution of the quark gluon plasma from the initial state described by the parton distribution of the colliding nuclei until freeze-out of hadrons clearly requires a non-equilibrium description, a hydrodynamic picture of the evolution is both useful and experimentally relevant [124, 127].”
From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [124]
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Wang, S.-Y. (2004) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.70.065011 · Cited by 6
Signatures for the quark-gluon plasma
Müller, B. (1998) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/s0375-9474(97)00785-9 · Cited by 6
Self-citationAzimuthal correlations of high-pT photons and hadrons in Au+Au collisions at RHIC
Dietel, T. (2006) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.089 · Cited by 6
Lokhtin, I., & Snigirev, A. (2001) · Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics · doi:10.1088/0954-3899/27/11/314 · Cited by 6
K-factors in parton cascades at RHIC and SPS
Bass, S. A., & Müller, B. (1999) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/s0370-2693(99)01364-7 · Cited by 6
Self-citationEvidence of Coulomb liquid phase in few-electron droplets
Shaju, J., Pavlovska, E., Suba, R., Wang, J.-L., Ouacel, S., Vasselon, T., Aluffi, M., Mazzella, L., Geffroy, C., Ludwig, A., et al. (2024) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09139-z · Cited by 12
“In the studies of strong interaction, relativistic ion collisions are used to induce the deconfinement of the nuclear matter (composed of correlated had-rons) into a hot plasma of more fundamental particles (quarks and gluons) 13 .”
Cosmological particle creation in a hadronic fluid
Bilić, N., & Tolić, D. (2015) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.91.104025 · Cited by 5
Heavy quark energy loss and thermalization in hot and dense nuclear matter
Cao, S., Qin, G.-Y., & Bass, S. A. (2013) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/420/1/012022 · Cited by 5
Analogue surface gravity near the QCD chiral phase transition
Bilić, N., & Tolić, D. (2012) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2012.10.029 · Cited by 5
Sheikh, A. I., Ahammed, Z., Shukla, P., & Mustafa, M. G. (2018) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.98.034915 · Cited by 5
Pirner, H. J., & Reygers, K. J. (2012) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.86.034005 · Cited by 5
Andersen, E., Andrighetto, A., Antinori, F., Armenise, N., Ban, J., Barberis, D., Beker, H., Beusch, W., Böhm, J., Caliandro, R., et al. (1999) · Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements · doi:10.1016/s0920-5632(98)00353-3 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Harris, J. W., & Müller, B.
- Affiliations
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
- Duke University (US)
- ORCID
- Harris, John W.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 1996-12
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 71-107
- ISSN
- 0163-8998 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4134
- OpenAlex
- W2134842761
- Cited by
- 317
- References
- 254
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
- Keywords
- quark-gluon plasma, QCD phase transition, hadronization, lattice gauge theory, heavy-ion collisions, RHIC, LHC, AGS, SPS, quark-gluon plasma signatures
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