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THE SEARCH FOR THE QUARK-GLUON PLASMA
Open accessAbstract
▪ Abstract We provide an overview of the present understanding of the transition from hadrons to a quark-gluon plasma, its signatures, and the experimental results so far. We discuss results of numerical simulations of the lattice gauge theory and critically evaluate the various observables that have been proposed as signatures of the QCD phase transition. We place the existing data from relativistic heavy-ion experiments at the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) and CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) into perspective and provide an overview of the techniques and strategies that will be employed in the search for the quark-gluon plasma at heavy-ion colliders, such as the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).
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“Boost invariance along the longitudinal direction entails that ε, p, s, T are all functions of proper time only[123, 124].”
From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [124]
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“In this description the dynamical evolution of the fluid is obtained from the conservation laws of energy-momentum, baryon number and entropy [67, 121, 124, 125] with an equation of state p = p ( ε ) to close the set of equations.”
From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [124]
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“Under the assumption that the central region is baryon free, the conservation of entropy and energy and momentum lead to the following equations (for details see [67, 121, 123, 124, 125])”
From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [124]
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“Asimple and phenomenologically useful description is provided by Bjorken's model for longitudinal expansion [67, 121, 123, 124].”
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“After the quark-gluon plasma achieves LTE, the evolution is conjectured to be described by hydrodynamic expansion [124].”
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“Although the evolution of the quark gluon plasma from the initial state described by the parton distribution of the colliding nuclei until freeze-out of hadrons clearly requires a non-equilibrium description, a hydrodynamic picture of the evolution is both useful and experimentally relevant [124, 127].”
From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [124]
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Margetis, S., Safarík, K., & Baillie, O. V. (2000) · Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science · doi:10.1146/annurev.nucl.50.1.299 · Cited by 30
Angular Dependence of the Nuclear Enhancement of Drell-Yan Pairs
Fries, R. J., Müller, B., Schäfer, A., & Stein, E. (1999) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.83.4261 · Cited by 30
Self-citationEnhanced photon production from quark-gluon plasma: Finite-lifetime effect
Wang, S.-Y., & Boyanovsky, D. (2001) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.63.051702 · Cited by 29
Chiral-symmetry restoration in the linear sigma model at nonzero temperature and baryon density
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Systematic study of the kaon to pion multiplicity ratios in heavy-ion collisions
Wang, F., Liu, H., Sorge, H., Xu, N., & Yang, J. (2000) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.61.064904 · Cited by 27
Jets and produced particles inppcollisions from SPS to RHIC energies for nuclear applications
Barnaföldi, G. G., Fái, G., Lévai, P., Papp, G., & Zhang, Y. (2001) · Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics · doi:10.1088/0954-3899/27/8/306 · Cited by 27
Fermion damping in a fermion-scalar plasma
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Anomalous kinetics of hard charged particles: Dynamical renormalization group resummation
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Nuclear modification of Y states in pPb collisions at sNN=5.02TeV
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Chiral symmetry in the linear sigma model in a magnetic environment
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Deconfinement and quarkonium suppression
Karsch, F. (2005) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1140/epjc/s2005-02192-2 · Cited by 26
Gluon radiation and coherent states in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions
Matinyan, S. G., Müller, B., & Rischke, D. H. (1997) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.56.2191 · Cited by 26
Self-citationKinetic freeze-out and radial flow in 11.6 A GeV Au+Au collisions
Dobler, H., Sollfrank, J., & Heinz, U. (1999) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/s0370-2693(99)00551-1 · Cited by 25
Matinyan, S. G., Müller, B., & Rischke, D. H. (1998) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.57.1927 · Cited by 25
Self-citationExcluded volume effects in the quark meson coupling model
Panda, P. K., Bracco, M. E., Chiapparini, M., Conte, E., & Krein, G. I. (2002) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.65.065206 · Cited by 25
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Elliptic flow of thermal photons in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV
Liu, F., Hirano, T., Werner, K., & Zhu, Y. (2009) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.80.034905 · Cited by 24
Hydrodynamical instabilities in an expanding quark gluon plasma
Aguiar, C. E., Fraga, E. S., & Kodama, T. (2005) · Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics · doi:10.1088/0954-3899/32/2/009 · Cited by 24
Continuous decoupling of dynamically expanding systems
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An introduction to thermal field theory and some of its application
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Mäntysaari, H., Salazar, F., Schenke, B., Shen, C., & Zhao, W. (2024) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.109.024908 · Cited by 22
“Heavy-ion collisions are used to explore nuclear matter under extreme conditions and have been shown to create the deconfined Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) [6, 7].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Harris, J. W., & Müller, B.
- Affiliations
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
- Duke University (US)
- ORCID
- Harris, John W.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 1996-12
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 71-107
- ISSN
- 0163-8998 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4134
- OpenAlex
- W2134842761
- Cited by
- 317
- References
- 254
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
- Keywords
- quark-gluon plasma, QCD phase transition, hadronization, lattice gauge theory, heavy-ion collisions, RHIC, LHC, AGS, SPS, quark-gluon plasma signatures
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