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THE SEARCH FOR THE QUARK-GLUON PLASMA
Open accessAbstract
▪ Abstract We provide an overview of the present understanding of the transition from hadrons to a quark-gluon plasma, its signatures, and the experimental results so far. We discuss results of numerical simulations of the lattice gauge theory and critically evaluate the various observables that have been proposed as signatures of the QCD phase transition. We place the existing data from relativistic heavy-ion experiments at the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) and CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) into perspective and provide an overview of the techniques and strategies that will be employed in the search for the quark-gluon plasma at heavy-ion colliders, such as the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).
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“Boost invariance along the longitudinal direction entails that ε, p, s, T are all functions of proper time only[123, 124].”
From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [124]
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“In this description the dynamical evolution of the fluid is obtained from the conservation laws of energy-momentum, baryon number and entropy [67, 121, 124, 125] with an equation of state p = p ( ε ) to close the set of equations.”
From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [124]
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“Under the assumption that the central region is baryon free, the conservation of entropy and energy and momentum lead to the following equations (for details see [67, 121, 123, 124, 125])”
From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [124]
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“Asimple and phenomenologically useful description is provided by Bjorken's model for longitudinal expansion [67, 121, 123, 124].”
From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [124]
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“After the quark-gluon plasma achieves LTE, the evolution is conjectured to be described by hydrodynamic expansion [124].”
From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [124]
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“Although the evolution of the quark gluon plasma from the initial state described by the parton distribution of the colliding nuclei until freeze-out of hadrons clearly requires a non-equilibrium description, a hydrodynamic picture of the evolution is both useful and experimentally relevant [124, 127].”
From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [124]
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Citations
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Cited by
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Items 301–317 of 317
Barak, R., & Merts, S. P. (2024) · Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters · doi:10.1134/s1547477124701565
Tabassam, U., Abidin, Z. U., Gul, K., & Siddique, I. (2024) · Atoms · doi:10.3390/atoms12100052
Barak, R., & Merts, S. P. (2025) · Physics of Particles and Nuclei · doi:10.1134/s1063779624701831
“Overall, studies of strange particle yields will allow for a better understanding of the transition from baryonic matter to (quark-gluon plasma) QGP [2–7].”
Energy loss of heavy-flavor quarks in color string medium
Прохорова, Д. С., Shi, S., & Andronov, E. (2025) · International Journal of Modern Physics E · doi:10.1142/s0218301326410314
Tabassam, U., & Kabir, B. (2025) · Chinese Journal of Physics · doi:10.1016/j.cjph.2025.11.030
Effect of isolation criteria on prompt photon production in relativistic nuclear collisions
Chandra, S., Chatterjee, R., & Ahammed, Z. (2025) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/7ff8-gbhm
RHIC Program, Its Origin and Early Results
Busza, W., Harris, J. W., & Nagamiya, S. (2026) · History of physics · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-27608-7_22
Self-citationPhoton Emission from a Finite Baryonic Quark-Gluon Plasma
Singh, S. S., & Tuithung, K. (2025) · Springer proceedings in physics · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-1513-4_174
Paul, A., & Chatterjee, R. (2026) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/xr9q-sr9q
Calculations of di-hadron production via two-photon processes in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
wang, L., Li, X., Tang, Z., Wu, X., & Zha, W. (2026) · Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6471/ae491c
“Relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments, at RHIC and LHC, are primarily motivated by the search and characterization of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a state of deconfined quarks and gluons at extreme temperature and density [1].”
Borsányi, S., & Parotto, P. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-26598-3.00071-7 · Cited by 9
Photon Emission Rate From Heavy-Ion Collision
Tuithung, K., & Singh, S. S. (2026) · Brazilian Journal of Physics · doi:10.1007/s13538-026-02069-9
Analysis of the chiral crossover in the phase diagram of 2+1-flavor Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model
Carrizal, N. B. M., Ordóñez, E. V., & Ibarra, J. R. M. (2026) · International Journal of Modern Physics A · doi:10.1142/s0217751x26501046
Deuteron yields near the QCD phase transition
Han, S. W., Wu, J., Chen, Y., Huang, Y., Li, F., & Fu, W. (2026) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/242z-g3b5
Rai, A., Dwibedi, A., & Ghosh, S. (2026) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2026.123440
The Schism and Reunion Between Particle and Nuclear Physics
Quercigh, E., & Antinori, F. (2026) · History of physics · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-27608-7_8
A ϕ(1020) Comparative Study between MC and Experimental Data for the BM@N Experiment
Barak, R., & Merts, S. P. (2026) · Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters · doi:10.1134/s1547477126700354
“In general, studies of strange particle yields will allow for a better understanding of the transition from baryonic matter to (quark-gluon plasma) QGP in the future [2–6].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Harris, J. W., & Müller, B.
- Affiliations
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
- Duke University (US)
- ORCID
- Harris, John W.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 1996-12
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 71-107
- ISSN
- 0163-8998 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4134
- OpenAlex
- W2134842761
- Cited by
- 317
- References
- 254
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
- Keywords
- quark-gluon plasma, QCD phase transition, hadronization, lattice gauge theory, heavy-ion collisions, RHIC, LHC, AGS, SPS, quark-gluon plasma signatures
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