Relationships in Adolescence
Abstract
▪ Abstract In this chapter I review recent research on the nature, meaning, and impact of extrafamilial relationships during adolescence. I use findings of quantitative and qualitative studies to develop the idea that close friendships, wider networks of peers, and romantic relationships have distinct meanings and significance for the developing adolescent. Sociologists' work inevitably focuses attention on the ways in which the adolescent's social addresses and locations (gender, race, social class) influence many aspects of these early relationships. The review also highlights some limitations of the dominant perspective on adolescent relationships, attachment theory, and provides suggestions for future research (particularly in the area of romantic relationships, where the literature is growing but still relatively undeveloped).
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Adolescents may be particularly at risk for cybergrooming victimization because adolescence involves increased Internet social interaction, sexuality exploration, and extrafamilial social relationships.
“Adolescents may be particularly at risk for experiencing cybergrooming victimization, as adolescence represents a developmental phase in which young people increasingly use the Internet for social interaction (Feierabend et al., 2022), explore their sexuality on- and offline (e.g., Eleuteri et al., 2017), and seek extrafamilial social relationships (Giordano, 2003).”
From Why They Speak Up (or Don’t): Reasons For and Against Cybergrooming Disclosure Among Adolescent Victims (2025) · cites this paper as Giordano, 2003
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Age, Intelligence, and Sex as Variables in the Conformity Behavior of Negro and White Children1,2,3
Iscoe, I., Williams, M. S., & Harvey, J. (1964) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1964.tb05182.x · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Rethinking crime and deviance theory: The emergence of a structuring tradition
(1984) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/0047-2352(84)90124-7 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
On the nature and developmental significance of adolescent romantic relationships
Giordano, P. C., Longmore, M. A., & Manning, W. D. (2004) · Sociological studies of children and youth · doi:10.1016/s1537-4661(01)80007-6 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationIdentity claims and projections: Descriptions of self and crowds in secondary school
Stone, M. R., & Brown, B. B. (1999) · New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development · doi:10.1002/cd.23219998403 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Merten, D. E. (1996) · Journal of Contemporary Ethnography · doi:10.1177/089124196024004004 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Adolescent crowd orientations: A social and temporal analysis
Strouse, D. L. (1999) · New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development · doi:10.1002/cd.23219998405 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
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Online communication, social media and adolescent wellbeing: A systematic narrative review
Best, P., Manktelow, R., & Taylor, B. (2014) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.03.001 · Cited by 1,067 · see citing works
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Parental mediation, online activities, and cyberbullying
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Normative Sexuality Development in Adolescence: A Decade in Review, 2000–2009
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Social brain development and the affective consequences of ostracism in adolescence
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Suicidal Disclosures among Friends: Using Social Network Data to Understand Suicide Contagion
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Parkes, A., Henderson, M., Wight, D., & Nixon, C. (2011) · Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health · doi:10.1363/4303011 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
The social context of adolescent friendships: parents, peers, and romantic partners
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Falling behind: Lingering costs of the high school transition for youth friendships and grades
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Gender, Self-Perception, and Academic Problems in High School
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How adolescents understand their values: a qualitative study
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Drinking, Socioemotional Functioning, and Academic Progress in Secondary School
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Self-compassion and Instagram use is explained by the relation to anxiety, depression, and stress
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A model of persistent school absenteeism
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“…victimization, as adolescence represents a developmental phase in which young people increasingly use the Internet for social interaction (Feierabend et al., 2022), explore their sexuality on-and of fl ine (e.g., Eleuteri et al., 2017), and seek extrafamilial social relationships (Giordano, 2003).”
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- Authors
- Giordano, P. C.
- Affiliations
- Bowling Green State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Giordano, Peggy C.
- ORCID
- Giordano, Peggy C.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Sociology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2003-08
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 257-281
- ISSN
- 0360-0572 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2115
- OpenAlex
- W2107415751
- Cited by
- 664
- References
- 137
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 37
- FWCI
- 1.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Sociology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- adolescent relationships, peer relationships, close friendships, romantic relationships, peer networks, attachment theory, gender, race, social class, adolescent development
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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