Is parenting associated with teenagers’ early sexual risk-taking, autonomy and relationship with sexual partners?
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CONTEXT: Extensive research has explored the relationship between parenting and teenagers' sexual risk-taking. Whether parenting is associated with wider aspects of teenagers' capacity to form satisfying sexual relationships is unknown. METHODS: Self-reported data were collected in 2007 from 1,854 students, whose average age was 15.5 years, in central Scotland. Multivariate analyses examined associations between parenting processes and sexual outcomes (delayed first intercourse, condom use and several measures reflecting the context or anticipated context of first sex). RESULTS: Parental supportiveness was positively associated with all outcomes (betas, 0.1-0.4), and parental values restricting intercourse were positively associated with all outcomes except condom use (0.1-0.5). Parental monitoring was associated only with delayed intercourse (0.2) and condom use (0.2); parental rules about TV content were associated with delayed intercourse (0.7) and expecting sex in a relationship, rather than casually (0.8). Frequency of parental communication about sex and parental values endorsing contraceptive use were negatively associated with teenagers' delayed intercourse (-0.5 and -0.3, respectively), and parents' contraceptive values were negatively associated with teenagers' expecting sex in a relationship (-0.5). Associations were partly mediated by teenagers' attitudes, including value placed on having sex in a relationship. CONCLUSIONS: Parents may develop teenagers' capacity for positive and safe early sex by promoting skills and values that build autonomy and encourage sex only within a relationship. Interventions should promote supportive parenting and transmission of values, avoid mixed messages about abstinence and contraception, and acknowledge that teenagers may learn more indirectly than directly from parents about sex.
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Youth who report having positive relationships and open communication with their parents have increased condom use.
“increased condom use (Parkes et al., 2011)”
From Becoming a sexual being: The “elephant in the room” of adolescent brain development (2017) · cites this paper as Parkes et al., 2011
Youth who report having positive relationships and open communication with their parents have less sexual experience.
“Youth who report having positive relationships and open communication with their parents also have less sexual experience”
From Becoming a sexual being: The “elephant in the room” of adolescent brain development (2017) · cites this paper as Parkes et al., 2011
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- Authors
- Parkes, A., Henderson, M., Wight, D., & Nixon, C.
- Affiliations
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Parkes, Alison
- Venue
- Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Publisher
- Guttmacher Institute
- Published
- 2011-01-10
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 30-40
- ISSN
- 1538-6341 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-2393
- PMC
- PMC3437472
- OpenAlex
- W1970839325
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 16.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Scottish Government
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Adolescent Health and Behaviors
- Keywords
- parenting, early sexual intercourse, condom use, parental supervision, adolescent autonomy
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attitude, Coitus, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Risk-Taking, Scotland, Sexual Behavior, Sex Factors, Sexual Partners, Multivariate Analysis, Parenting, Condoms, Personal Autonomy
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