The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Pheochromocytoma: An Imaging Chameleon
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas are rare catecholamine-secreting tumors with many clinical and imaging manifestations. They may produce overwhelming cardiovascular crises if the diagnosis is not made or if appropriate treatment is delayed. It is thus important to recognize both their characteristic and atypical imaging appearances. Pheochromocytomas are encountered, sometimes unexpectedly, across a range of imaging modalities. They are characteristically solid, hypervascular masses with high signal intensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images. A wide spectrum of imaging appearances is seen, however, and pheochromocytomas may mimic other adrenal lesions, both benign and malignant. They may be dark on T2-weighted MR images, in contrast to their more classic bright T2-weighted appearance. Other atypical features include fatty, hemorrhagic, cystic, and calcific changes. Pheochromocytomas may contain sufficient fat to be mistaken for an adenoma at computed tomography (CT) or MR imaging. They may also demonstrate rapid contrast material washout and be mistaken for an adenoma owing to their deenhancement profile; however, their washout pattern can be inconsistent. The appearance of pheochromocytomas at radionuclide imaging is also unpredictable. These characteristics at CT, MR imaging, and scintigraphy pose diagnostic challenges, since they allow pheochromocytomas to mimic many other adrenal masses. Pheochromocytoma is an important, often clinically occult neoplasm with devastating consequences if overlooked. Radiologists must be aware of the various forms that pheochromocytomas can assume at imaging.
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Citations
Cites
Germ-Line Mutations in Nonsyndromic Pheochromocytoma
Neumann, H. P. H., Bausch, B., McWhinney, S. R., Bender, B. U., Gimm, O., Franke, G., Schipper, J., Klisch, J., Altehoefer, C., Zerres, K., et al. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa020152 · Cited by 1,367
Characterization of adrenal masses using unenhanced CT: an analysis of the CT literature
Boland, G. W., Lee, M. J., Gazelle, G. S., Halpern, E. F., McNicholas, M. M., & Mueller, P. R. (1998) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.171.1.9648789 · Cited by 693
Self-citationAdrenal Masses: Characterization with Combined Unenhanced and Delayed Enhanced CT
Caoili, E. M., Korobkin, M., Francis, I. R., Cohan, R. H., Platt, J. F., Dunnick, N. R., & Raghupathi, K. I. (2002) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2223010766 · Cited by 690
Pheochromocytoma: Diagnosis, Localization and Management
Bravo, E. L., & Gifford, R. W. (1984) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198411153112007 · Cited by 471
Occurrence of Pheochromocytoma in Rochester, Minnesota, 1950 Through 1979
Beard, A. M., Sheps, S. G., Kurland, L. T., Carney, J. A., & Lie, J. T. (1983) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/s0025-6196(25)18873-3 · Cited by 402
Peña, C. S., Boland, G. W. L., Hahn, P. F., Lee, M. J., & Mueller, P. R. (2000) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.217.3.r00dc29798 · Cited by 399
Self-citationCT time-attenuation washout curves of adrenal adenomas and nonadenomas
Korobkin, M., Brodeur, F. J., Francis, I. R., Quint, L. E., Dunnick, N. R., & Londy, F. (1998) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.170.3.9490968 · Cited by 386
State-of-the-Art Adrenal Imaging
Mayo-Smith, W. W., Boland, G. W., Noto, R. B., & Lee, M. J. (2001) · RadioGraphics · doi:10.1148/radiographics.21.4.g01jl21995 · Cited by 359
Self-citationBenign adrenocortical masses: diagnosis with chemical shift MR imaging.
Mitchell, D. G., Crovello, M., Matteucci, T., Petersen, R. O., & Miettinen, M. M. (1992) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.185.2.1410337 · Cited by 335
Adrenal adenomas: relationship between histologic lipid and CT and MR findings.
Korobkin, M., Giordano, T. J., Brodeur, F. J., Francis, I. R., Siegelman, E. S., Quint, L. E., Dunnick, N. R., Heiken, J. P., & Wang, H. H. (1996) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.200.3.8756925 · Cited by 310
Cited by
Blake, M. A., Cronin, C. G., & Boland, G. W. (2010) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.10.4547 · Cited by 253
Self-citationAdrenal mass imaging with multidetector CT: pathologic conditions, pearls, and pitfalls
Johnson, P. T., Horton, K. M., & Fishman, E. K. (2009) · Radiographics · doi:10.1148/rg.295095027 · Cited by 238
Update on CT and MRI of adrenal nodules
Schieda, N., & Siegelman, E. S. (2017) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.16.17758 · Cited by 173
Patel, J., Davenport, M. S., Cohan, R. H., & Caoili, E. M. (2013) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.12.9620 · Cited by 119
Park, B. K., Kim, C. K., Kwon, G. Y., & Kim, J. H. (2007) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-007-0695-x · Cited by 96
Metadata
- Authors
- Blake, M. A., Kalra, M. K., Maher, M. M., Sahani, D. V., Sweeney, A. T., Mueller, P. R., Hahn, P. F., & Boland, G. W.
- Venue
- RadioGraphics
- Published
- 2004-10
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- suppl_1
- Pages
- S87-S99
- ISSN
- 0271-5333 (ISSN-L)
- 1527-1323
- OpenAlex
- W2153360323
- Cited by
- 339
- References
- 29
- FWCI
- 6.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Blake, M. A., Kalra, M. K., Maher, M. M., Sahani, D. V., Sweeney, A. T., Mueller, P. R., Hahn, P. F., & Boland, G. W. (2004). Pheochromocytoma: An Imaging Chameleon. RadioGraphics. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.24si045506
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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