Beneficial effects of a long-term oral l-arginine treatment added to a hypocaloric diet and exercise training program in obese, insulin-resistant type 2 diabetic patients
Abstract
Because chronic l-arginine supplementation improves insulin sensitivity and endothelial function in nonobese type 2 diabetic patients, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a long-term oral l-arginine therapy on adipose fat mass (FM) and muscle free-fat mass (FFM) distribution, daily glucose levels, insulin sensitivity, endothelial function, oxidative stress, and adipokine release in obese type 2 diabetic patients with insulin resistance who were treated with a combined period of hypocaloric diet and exercise training. Thirty-three type 2 diabetic patients participated in a hypocaloric diet plus an exercise training program for 21 days. Furthermore, they were divided into two groups in randomized order: the first group was also treated with l-arginine (8.3 g/day), and the second group was treated with placebo. Although in the placebo group body weight, waist circumference, daily glucose profiles, fructosamine, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment index significantly decreased, l-arginine supplementation further decreased FM ( P < 0.05) and waist circumference ( P < 0.0001), preserving FFM ( P < 0.03), and improved mean daily glucose profiles ( P < 0.0001) and fructosamine ( P < 0.03). Moreover, change in area under the curve of cGMP (second messenger of nitric oxide; P < 0.001), superoxide dismutase (index of antioxidant capacity; P < 0.01), and adiponectin levels ( P < 0.02) increased, whereas basal endothelin-1 levels ( P < 0.01) and leptin-to-adiponectin ratio ( P < 0.05) decreased in the l-arginine group. Long-term oral l-arginine treatment resulted in an additive effect compared with a diet and exercise training program alone on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, it improved endothelial function, oxidative stress, and adipokine release in obese type 2 diabetic patients with insulin resistance.
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Human studies have repeatedly shown that L-arginine supplementation has favorable effects on body composition and insulin sensitivity.
“However, human studies have repeatedly shown that L-arginine supplementation has favorable effects on body composition and insulin sensitivity [271-277].”
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- Authors
- Lucotti, P., Setola, E., Monti, L. D., Galluccio, E., Costa, S., Sandoli, E. P., Fermo, I., Rabaiotti, G., Gatti, R., & Piatti, P.
- Affiliations
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (IT)
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele (IT)
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2006-11
- Volume
- 291
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- E906-E912
- ISSN
- 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1555
- OpenAlex
- W2101927509
- Semantic Scholar
- ed09338321a76799573b281771b59a2e8cdcc24d
- Cited by
- 249
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 4.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Keywords
- arginine supplementation, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, obesity, hypocaloric diet, exercise training, insulin sensitivity, endothelial function, oxidative stress, adipokines, adiponectin, leptin, endothelin-1, superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide, fat mass, fat-free mass, glucose metabolism, cyclic GMP
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Arginine, Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, Body Weight, Energy Intake, Combined Modality Therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Reducing, Female, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Triglycerides, Exercise, Fructosamine
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