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Cited by 163Amino Acid Enzymes and MetabolismAnimal Nutrition and PhysiologyRegulation of Appetite and Obesity

Adaptation of rats to diets containing different levels of protein: effects on food intake, plasma and brain amino acid concentrations and brain neurotransmitter metabolism

Peters, John C., Harper, Alfred E.·1985·The Journal of Nutrition
DOI 10.1093/jn/115.3.382
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Abstract

Food intake, plasma and brain amino acid concentrations, liver amino acid catabolic enzyme activities, and whole-brain neurotransmitter and metabolite concentrations were measured in young rats adapted for 11 d to diets containing from 5 to 75% (in increments of 5%) casein. Food intake was depressed initially in rats fed diets containing 5, 10% or greater than 35% casein. For the duration of the experiment, food intakes of the groups fed the higher protein diets improved on successive days; the length and severity of the depression were proportional to the protein content of the diet fed. Rats fed low levels of protein grew poorly, and their food intake remained depressed. The gradual improvement in growth and food intake of rats fed diets containing more than 35% casein was accompanied by dramatic increases in the activities of serine-threonine dehydratase (SDH, EC 4.2.1.16) and glutamate-pyruvate aminotransferase (GPT, EC 2.6.1.1) in liver. The increase in amino acid catabolic activity was accompanied by decreases in the concentrations of most amino acids in plasma and brain. However, concentrations of branched-chain amino acids, in both plasma and brain, increased in direct proportion to the protein concentration of the diet fed. As a result of these reciprocal responses, the total concentration of indispensable amino acids in brain (IAA) was maintained within a narrow range of values, despite a sixfold range of protein intakes. Whole-brain concentrations of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin were not correlated with dietary protein concentration, total food intake or protein intake. Brain concentrations of homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were correlated inversely with protein intake and that of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid was correlated directly with food intake. Protein intake appeared to be related to the animal's ability to maintain brain total IAA content between some upper and lower limits. Our results indicate that this was accomplished initially through downward adjustment of protein intake and subsequently through an increase in catabolic capacity for the amino acids.

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  • Some studies suggest that rats will consume and grow rather well on high-protein diets if given sufficient time to adapt to the diet.

    “some studies suggest that rats will consume and grow rather well on high-protein diets if given sufficient time to adapt to the diet”

    From FGF21 and the physiological regulation of macronutrient preference (2020) · cites this paper as [68]

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Authors
Peters, J. C., & Harper, A. E.
Affiliations
University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
ORCID
Peters, John C.
Venue
The Journal of Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1985-03
Volume
115
Issue
3
Pages
382-398
ISSN
0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1093/jn/115.3.382
OpenAlex
W1855176222
Cited by
163
References
57
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
FWCI
5.45
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (AM10747)
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM07058)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Keywords
dietary protein, casein, dietary intake, plasma amino acids, brain amino acids, essential amino acids, amino acid catabolism, branched-chain amino acids, neurotransmitter metabolism, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, homovanillic acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, DOPAC, growth, rats
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Physiological, Alanine Transaminase, Amino Acids, Animals, Brain Chemistry, Dietary Proteins, Feeding Behavior, Growth, Liver, Male, L-Serine Dehydratase, Neurotransmitter Agents, Rats

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