High dietary sodium chloride consumption may not induce body fluid retention in humans
Abstract
A commonly accepted hypothesis is that a chronically high-sodium diet expands extracellular volume and finally reaches a steady state where sodium intake and output are balanced whereas extracellular volume is expanded. However, in a recent study where the main purpose was to investigate the role of natriuretic peptides under day-to-day sodium intake conditions (Heer M, Drummer C, Baisch F, and Gerzer R. Pflügers Arch 425: 390-394, 1993), our laboratory observed increases in plasma volume without any rise in extracellular volume. To scrutinize these results that were observed as a side effect, we performed a controlled, randomized study including 32 healthy male test subjects in a metabolic ward. The NaCl intake ranged from a low level of 50 meq NaCl/day to 200, 400, and 550 meq/day, respectively. Plasma volume dose dependently increased (P < 0.01), being elevated by 315 +/- 37 ml in the 550-meq-NaCl-intake group. However, in contrast to the increased plasma volume, comparable to study I, total body water did not increase. In parallel, body mass also did not increase. Mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes, as an index for intracellular volume, was also unchanged. We conclude from the results of these two independently conducted studies that under the chosen study conditions, in contrast to present opinions, high sodium intake does not induce total body water storage but induces a relative fluid shift from the interstitial into the intravascular space.
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The gains of the plasma Na controller must be chosen to reproduce the ultimate effect of maintenance of CNa at equilibrium levels (±1 mmol/L) after a perturbation such as an increase in Na intake.
“The gains of this controller must be chosen to reproduce the ultimate effect of this mechanism: maintenance of CNa at equilibrium levels (±1 mmol/L) after a perturbation such as an increase in Na intake.42, 43”
From A Quantitative Systems Physiology Model of Renal Function and Blood Pressure Regulation: Model Description (2017) · cites this paper as [43]
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- Authors
- Heer, M., Baisch, F., Kropp, J., Gerzer, R., & Drummer, C.
- Affiliations
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR) (DE)
- Technische Universität Dresden (DE)
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2000-04-01
- Volume
- 278
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- F585-F595
- ISSN
- 1522-1466 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-857X
- OpenAlex
- W2140024548
- Cited by
- 285
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 6.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Electrolyte and hormonal disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Keywords
- high sodium intake, dietary salt, plasma expansion, extracellular volume, total body water, fluid retention, fluid shifts, interstitial fluid, mean corpuscular volume, natriuretic peptides, sodium balance
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Pressure, Blood Volume, Body Fluid Compartments, Body Fluids, Body Water, Body Weight, Diet, Sodium-Restricted, Diuresis, Electrolytes, Hormones, Humans, Male
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