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Angiogenic growth factor mRNA responses in muscle to a single bout of exercise
Abstract
A major adaptation to exercise is new capillary formation in skeletal muscle. On the basis of angiogenesis in tumors and during development, several angiogenic growth factors may be involved, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1). In 9-wk-old female Wistar rats, mRNA expression for these three growth factors in gastrocnemius muscle was examined by quantitative Northern analysis after a single 1-h run at 15 or 20 m/min at 10 degrees incline in room air. A third group ran at 15 m/min in 12% O2, and resting control groups were included at inspired O2 fractions of 0.21 and 0.12. Exercise significantly increased mRNA levels two- to fourfold, which was evident over the first 4 h postexercise; by 8 and 24 h, mRNA levels returned to baseline. For all three factors, mRNA levels were significantly higher after exercise at 20 than at 15 m/min. Hypoxia at rest doubled VEGF and TGF-beta 1 message but had no effect on bFGF. Hypoxic exercise further raised VEGF mRNA levels but had no effect on the other factors. We suggest that VEGF, bFGF, and TGF-beta 1 may be involved in the angiogenic response to exercise and that reduced intracellular PO2 (as occurs during normoxic exercise) may be part of the stimulus to such growth factor production.
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“This paper demonstrated that a single bout of exercise can increase VEGF1 and TGFβ1 expression in muscle to promote the angiogenic response to exercise.”
From Exerkines in health, resilience and disease (2022) · cites this paper as [198]
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“2005) and to acute endurance exercise and short-term endurance training in rats (Breen et al. 1996; Gavin & Wagner, 2001).”
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“Furthermore, growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), have been proposed to be of importance for angiogenic processes (Morrow et al. 1990; Breen et al. 1996; Annex et al. 1998).”
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“Angiogenesis, the formation of new capillary from the existing vasculature, is equally important to improved functional capacity after exercise training (11, 22).”
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“Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) are produced by activated EC and mural cells, and help recruit perivascular cells to growing microvessels, aiding maturation and possibly capillary arterialisation, and play a major role in the regulation of the ECM, respectively.”
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Self-citationVoluntary running induces fiber type-specific angiogenesis in mouse skeletal muscle
Waters, R. E., Rotevatn, S., Li, P., Annex, B. H., & Yan, Z. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00247.2004 · Cited by 214
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“by hypoxia or by mechanical stretch (4, 24, 32), has”
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Richardson, R. S., Wagner, H. E., Mudaliar, S. R. D., Henry, R. R., Noyszewski, E. A., & Wagner, P. D. (1999) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.1999.277.6.h2247 · Cited by 202
Self-citationExercise adaptation attenuates VEGF gene expression in human skeletal muscle
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Self-citationEffects of exercise on gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Connolly, P. H., Caiozzo, V. J., Zaldivar, F. P., Nemet, D., Larson, J. K., Hung, S., Heck, J. D., Hatfield, G. W., & Cooper, D. M. (2004) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00316.2004 · Cited by 198
“VEGF is upregulated in muscle tissue after exercise (9).”
BackgroundCapillary regression in vascular endothelial growth factor-deficient skeletal muscle
Tang, K., Breen, E. C., Gerber, H., Ferrara, N., & Wagner, P. D. (2004) · Physiological Genomics · doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00023.2004 · Cited by 194
Self-citationGrowth regulation of the vascular system: an emerging role for adenosine
Adair, T. H. (2005) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00840.2004 · Cited by 196
“VEGF has a major physiological role to induce angiogenesis in exercising muscle (25, 28, 67, 125, 162) and is a survival factor (or maintenance factor) for capillary ECs in resting skeletal muscle (147) as well as in other tissues (53).”
BackgroundGenomics and Genetics in the Biology of Adaptation to Exercise
Bouchard, C., Rankinen, T., & Timmons, J. A. (2011) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c100059 · Cited by 222
“Expression of the VEGF gene is increased at the mRNA level 4 h after a single bout of treadmill running in rats (46) in a manner that may be oxygen dependent.”
Angiogenic growth factor expression in rat skeletal muscle in response to exercise training
Lloyd, P. G., Prior, B. M., Yang, H. T., & Terjung, R. L. (2003) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00743.2002 · Cited by 185
Pathological angiogenesis is reduced by targeting pericytes via the NG2 proteoglycan
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Advances and challenges in skeletal muscle angiogenesis
Olfert, I. M., Baum, O., Hellsten, Y., & Egginton, S. (2015) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00635.2015 · Cited by 191
“An acute exercise bout leads to a transient, severalfold increase in expression of VEGF mRNA (16, 48, 108) with levels returning to baseline after 4–6 h of recovery (46, 73).”
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Exercise training in swine promotes growth of arteriolar bed and capillary angiogenesis in heart
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Muscle‐specific VEGF deficiency greatly reduces exercise endurance in mice
Olfert, I. M., Howlett, R. A., Tang, K., Dalton, N. D., Gu, Y., Peterson, K. L., Wagner, P. D., & Breen, E. C. (2009) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2008.164384 · Cited by 168
“For instance, numerous studies have implicated VEGF in regulating exercise-induced skeletal muscle angiogenesis in both man and animals (Breen et al. 1996; Gustafsson et al. 1999; Richardson et al. 1999; Olfert et al. 2001; Prior et al. 2003, 2004).”
BackgroundSelf-citationAngiotensin II and VEGF are involved in angiogenesis induced by short-term exercise training
Amaral, S. L., Papanek, P. E., & Greene, A. S. (2001) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.2001.281.3.h1163 · Cited by 164
“After the last training period, all animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium within 2 h of exercising (5).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSystems Biology of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
Gabhann, F. M., & Popel, A. S. (2008) · Microcirculation · doi:10.1080/10739680802095964 · Cited by 178
“Mechanical factors, such as muscle contraction [5,63,103] and exercise [17], and environmental factors, such as hypoxia [132] and inflammation [54], also regulate VEGF expression.”
BackgroundArteriogenesis and angiogenesis in rat ischemic hindlimb: role of nitric oxide
Lloyd, P. G., Yang, H. T., & Terjung, R. L. (2001) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.2001.281.6.h2528 · Cited by 163
“Interestingly, both VEGF and bFGF have been found to act via NO (see below), and the mRNA levels of both growth factors are reportedly increased in skeletal muscle by exercise (3, 10).”
BackgroundPro‐ and anti‐angiogenic factors in human skeletal muscle in response to acute exercise and training
Høier, B., Nordsborg, N. B., Andersen, S., Jensen, L., Nybo, L., Bangsbo, J., & Hellsten, Y. (2011) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2011.216135 · Cited by 158
“A limited number of studies in animals and humans have determined levels of angiogenic factors in skeletal muscle at the gene and protein level in association with acute exercise and training (Breen et al. 1996; Lloyd et al. 2003; Rullman et al. 2007), and few studies have addressed how the balance between different p…”
BackgroundAssociation between shear stress, angiogenesis, and VEGF in skeletal muscles in vivo.
Milkiewicz, M., Brown, M. D., Egginton, S., et al. (2001) · PubMed · doi:10.1038/sj/mn/7800074 · Cited by 149
Olfert, I. M., Howlett, R. A., Wagner, P. D., & Breen, E. C. (2010) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00347.2010 · Cited by 149
Self-citationBarash, I. A., Mathew, L., Ryan, A. F., Chen, J., & Lieber, R. L. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00211.2003 · Cited by 148
“In addition, three heat shock proteins (HSP70, HSP86, 2 -crystallin) previously implicated in mediating the response of muscle to exercise and stress (26, 80) were upregulated, along with increased expression of TGF- , likely resulting in angiogenesis (15).”
BackgroundGustafsson, T. P. (2001) · Frontiers in bioscience · doi:10.2741/gustafss · Cited by 148
“muscle itself is the source of matrix VEGF (116).”
BackgroundInfluentialRole of TGF-β1 in relation to exercise-induced type I collagen synthesis in human tendinous tissue
Heinemeier, K. M., Langberg, H., Olesen, J. L., & Kjær, M. (2003) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00403.2003 · Cited by 137
“This hypothesis is supported by in vivo studies that show immediate increases in levels of TGF- 1 in rat muscle in response to endurance exercise (4, 16).”
Angiogenic growth factor response to acute systemic exercise in human skeletal muscle
Gavin, T. P., Robinson, C. B., Yeager, R. C., England, J. A., Nifong, L. W., & Hickner, R. C. (2004) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00748.2003 · Cited by 136
“In previous reports, the time course of the VEGF mRNA response to exercise was documented in rats (4, 11).”
BackgroundHyldahl, R. D., Nelson, B., Xin, L., Welling, T., Groscost, L., Hubal, M. J., Chipkin, S. R., Clarkson, P. M., & Parcell, A. C. (2015) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.14-266668 · Cited by 135
“Previous research has established that acute and chronic exercise up-regulate the expression of TGF-b1 mRNA in skeletal muscle (17, 21, 33, 34).”
BackgroundSkeletal Muscle Microvasculature: A Highly Dynamic Lifeline
Latroche, C., Gitiaux, C., Chrétien, F., Desguerre, I., Mounier, R., & Chazaud, B. (2015) · Physiology · doi:10.1152/physiol.00026.2015 · Cited by 134
“One prevailing notion in both human and animal models is that the metabolic needs during exercise lead to an acute and transient local hypoxia (compared with exposure to chronic hypoxia) with the induction of VEGF secretion (14, 129).”
BackgroundAngiogenesis Induced by Electrical Stimulation Is Mediated by Angiotensin II and VEGF
Amaral, S. L., Linderman, J. R., MORSE, M. M., & Greene, A. S. (2001) · Microcirculation · doi:10.1111/j.1549-8719.2001.tb00158.x · Cited by 136
“Many studies have shown that prolonged exposure to a hypoxic environment stimulates VEGF release in vitro (13,16,35) and in vivo (3).”
BackgroundInfluentialAngiogenesis: the role of the microenvironment in flipping the switch
Giordano, F. J., & Johnson, R. S. (2001) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(00)00153-2 · Cited by 133
Kivelä, R., Silvennoinen, M., Touvra, A.-M., Lehti, M., Kainulainen, H., & Vihko, V. (2006) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.05-4780fje · Cited by 129
“This may be due to the time of sample collection (24 h after the last training bout), as the amount of VEGF-A mRNA has been shown to return to baseline values already after 8 h in rat skeletal muscle (17).”
BackgroundExercise-induced VEGF transcriptional activation in brain, lung and skeletal muscle
Tang, K., Xia, F. C., Wagner, P. D., & Breen, E. C. (2009) · Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.resp.2009.10.007 · Cited by 127
“2.2 Treadmill exercise protocol This exercise protocol was modified from a protocol previously used in our laboratory for exercising rats (Breen et al. 1996).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationExercise Training and Peripheral Arterial Disease
Haas, T. L., Lloyd, P. G., Yang, H., & Terjung, R. L. (2012) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c110065 · Cited by 151
Gustafsson, T. P., Knutsson, A., Puntschart, A., Kaijser, L., Nordqvist, S., Sundberg, C. J., & Jansson, E. (2002) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-002-0845-6 · Cited by 126
“This is in keeping with earlier findings in the rat [7, 23].”
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“L I S S , I N C . functions as a co-factor with ERR to regulate the exercise-induced angiogenic factor, VEGF (Breen et al., 1996; Arany et al., 2008), and PGC-1a knockout mice have recently been reported to exhibit decreases in both skeletal muscle VEGF levels and muscle capillary to fiber ratio…”
BackgroundSelf-citationPGC-1α mediates exercise-induced skeletal muscle VEGF expression in mice
Leick, L., Hellsten, Y., Fentz, J., Lyngby, S. S., Wojtaszewski, J. F. P., Hidalgo, J., & Pilegaard, H. (2009) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00076.2009 · Cited by 126
Are the neuroprotective effects of exercise training systemically mediated?
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“In rats, a single bout (1 h) of PA resulted in raised Vegf mRNA levels in skeletal muscle.(128) Similar findings were obtained after chronic muscle stimulation.”
ResultAnnex, B. H., TORGAN, C. E., Lin, P. C., Taylor, D. A., Thompson, M. A., Peters, K. G., & Kraus, W. E. (1998) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.1998.274.3.h860 · Cited by 114
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“An animal study has demonstrated that expression of VEGF mRNA reaches the peak levels immediately after exercise training and gradually declines within 2 hours and then returns to basal levels within 8 hr [246].”
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Czarkowska‐Pączek, B., Bartłomiejczyk, I., & Przybylski, J. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 113
Relationship between capillary angiogenesis, fiber type, and fiber size in chronic systemic hypoxia
Deveci, D., Marshall, J. M., & Egginton, S. (2001) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.2001.281.1.h241 · Cited by 113
“Expression of VEGF mRNA and amount of VEGF protein has been shown to increase in skeletal muscle of rats within a few hours of the onset of hypoxia (32) and when exercise is performed during hypoxia (8), although this was not confirmed by Gustafsson et al.”
BackgroundBerton, E., Antonucci, R., & Palange, P. (1999) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.159.supplement_1.15945 · Cited by 111
Prior, B. M., Lloyd, P. G., Ren, J., et al. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00398.2004 · Cited by 109
“On the other hand, for assessment of gene expression, tissue was taken 2 h following the last exercise bout (n 6 per time point per treatment), a time known to permit responses to acute exercise to become manifest (5).”
Höffner, L., Nielsen, J., Langberg, H., & Hellsten, Y. (2003) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2002.037051 · Cited by 108
“It has been shown in studies on laboratory animals that exercise induces an increase in both bFGF and TGF-b mRNA and protein (Morrow et al. 1990; Breen et al. 1996).”
BackgroundLloyd, P. G., Prior, B. M., Li, H., et al. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00786.2004 · Cited by 108
“contractions and immediately after exercise (4, 14, 15).”
BackgroundBey, L., Akunuri, N., Zhao, P., Hoffman, E. P., Hamilton, D. G., & Hamilton, M. T. (2003) · Physiological Genomics · doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00001.2002 · Cited by 106
“Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, A) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL, B) mRNA concentrations were measured in total RNA from independent ambulatory control and suspended rats (n 5–6) for the PCR measurements and separately obtained cRNA samples (n 20–29) for microarray analysis.”
ResultInfluentialRecovery from exercise: vulnerable state, window of opportunity, or crystal ball?
Luttrell, M. J., & Halliwill, J. R. (2015) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2015.00204 · Cited by 107
Exercise induces interleukin‐8 receptor (CXCR2) expression in human skeletal muscle
Frydelund‐Larsen, L., Penkowa, M., Akerstrom, T., Zankari, A., Nielsen, S., & Pedersen, B. K. (2007) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2006.034769 · Cited by 106
“Previous studies have found only a modest effect of exercise on TGF-β expression in skeletal muscle (Smith-McCune & Weidner, 1994; Breen et al. 1996) and neither room air training nor chronic hypoxic training appeared to alter TGF-β mRNA levels significantly (Olfert et al.”
BackgroundOlfert, I. M., Breen, E. C., Mathieu-Costello, O. A., & Wagner, P. D. (2001) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.2001.91.3.1176 · Cited by 106
“The rationale was based on the previous finding that exercise-induced VEGF mRNA levels are dependent on the intensity of exercise and that acute hypoxic exercise enhances VEGF and TGF-b1 mRNA levels (7).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationMilkiewicz, M., HUDLICKÁ, O., Brown, M. D., & Silgram, H. (2005) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01105.2004 · Cited by 107
“Work by Wagner and colleagues has described elevated levels of VEGF mRNA in rat muscles after one bout of exercise (9), a response that was eliminated by repeated exercise during training (58).”
BackgroundSkeletal Muscle Capillarity during Hypoxia: VEGF and Its Activation
Breen, E. C., Tang, K., Olfert, M., Knapp, A. E., & Wagner, P. D. (2008) · High Altitude Medicine & Biology · doi:10.1089/ham.2008.1010 · Cited by 103
“In rats exposed to acute (1 h) hypoxia, there is a transient upregulation of VEGF mRNA, which is augmented when rats are simultaneously exercised (Breen et al., 1996).”
Self-citationIncreased expression of VEGF following exercise training in patients with heart failure
Gustafsson, T. P., Bodin, K., Sylvén, C., Gordon, A., Tyni‐Lenné, R., & Jansson, E. (2001) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.2001.00816.x · Cited by 99
Association between Shear Stress, Angiogenesis, and VEGF in Skeletal Muscles In Vivo
Milkiewicz, M., Brown, M. D., Egginton, S., & HUDLICKÁ, O. (2001) · Microcirculation · doi:10.1111/j.1549-8719.2001.tb00172.x · Cited by 97
“Hypoxia is well-known to be a potent stimulus for VEGF expression (1) and Breen and colleagues (9) found VEGF upregulated more in skeletal muscles of rats running for 1 hour in hypoxic than normoxic conditions.”
BackgroundInfluentialNitric oxide synthase inhibition attenuates the skeletal muscle VEGF mRNA response to exercise
Gavin, T. P., Spector, D. A., Wagner, H. E., Breen, E. C., & Wagner, P. D. (2000) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.2000.88.4.1192 · Cited by 93
“This speed represents 55% of the speed required to attain maximal oxygen consumption (6).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationWiik, A., Gustafsson, T. P., Esbjörnsson, M., Johansson, O., Ekman, M., Sundberg, C. J., & Jansson, E. (2005) · Acta Physiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1365-201x.2005.01433.x · Cited by 92
Elevated Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Levels in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Benisty, J. I., McLaughlin, V. V., Landzberg, M. J., et al. (2004) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.126.4.1255 · Cited by 92
Anderson, M., Shelke, N. B., Manoukian, O. S., Yu, X., McCullough, L. D., & Kumbar, S. G. (2015) · Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.2015014015 · Cited by 91
Cardiovascular Adaptations to Exercise Training
Hellsten, Y., & Nyberg, M. (2016) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/j.2040-4603.2016.tb00672.x · Cited by 92
“Cross sectional data indicate that endurance athletes have higher (205) or similar (80) number of capillaries around Type I versus around Type II fibers and after high intensity training an unaltered distribution of capillaries around Type I and Type II fibers has been observed (210).”
Blood Vessels and the Satellite Cell Niche
Mounier, R., Chrétien, F., & Chazaud, B. (2011) · Current Topics in Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385940-2.00005-x · Cited by 89
“VEGF has been regularly involved in skeletal muscle angiogenesis induced by acute aerobic or resistance exercise in both human and animals (Breen et al., 1996; Gavin et al., 2004; Gustafsson et al., 2007; Hiscock et al., 2003; Prior et al., 2003, 2004).”
BackgroundEffect of Exercise on Cytokines and Growth Mediators in Prepubertal Children
Scheett, T. P., Mills, P. J., Ziegler, M. G., et al. (1999) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/00006450-199910000-00011 · Cited by 89
Gustafsson, T. P., Ameln, H., Fischer, H., Sundberg, C. J., Timmons, J. A., & Jansson, E. (2005) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01402.2004 · Cited by 88
“It is worth emphasizing that a variety of detection methods and normalization procedures have produced both positive and neutral data in support of an additive effect of reduced oxygen delivery on contraction-induced increases in VEGF-A mRNA expression (5, 19, 37, 49).”
BackgroundResultFitzpatrick, T. E., & Graham, C. H. (1998) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1006/excr.1998.4240 · Cited by 88
Kivelä, R., Silvennoinen, M., Lehti, M., Jalava, S. E., Vihko, V., & Kainulainen, H. (2008) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/1475-2840-7-13 · Cited by 87
“In healthy skeletal muscle several animal and human studies have shown increased VEGF-A expression after acute exercise [16-18] or electrical stimulation [19,20].”
Importance of Anti‐angiogenic Factors in the Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Angiogenesis
Olfert, I. M., & Birot, O. (2011) · Microcirculation · doi:10.1111/j.1549-8719.2011.00092.x · Cited by 88
“Indeed, angio-adaptation is not found to occur after a single bout of exercise, despite clear evidence that one bout of exercise significantly increases many key angiogenic stimulators [5,12,28,39,43,45,81,93,98,99,102].”
BackgroundPhysiological factors influencing capillary growth
Egginton, S. (2010) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02194.x · Cited by 84
“Whether by short bouts of electrical stimulation (Breen et al. 1996) or exercise (Gustafsson et al. 2002) muscle activity can raise VEGF mRNA expression, while chronic stimulation increases VEGF transcript (Hang et al. 1995) with a concomitant increase in capillarity (Skorjanc et al. 1998),…”
BackgroundSchobersberger, W., Hobisch-Hagen, P., Fries, D., Wiedermann, F., Rieder-Scharinger, J., Villiger, B., Frey, W., Herold, M., Fuchs, D., & Jelkmann, W. (2000) · Immunobiology · doi:10.1016/s0171-2985(00)80078-9 · Cited by 83
Birot, O., Koulmann, N., Peinnequin, A., & Bigard, X. A. (2003) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2003.043026 · Cited by 88
“Consistent with many previous studies (Breen et al. 1996; Asano et al. 1998; Gustafsson et al. 1999; Gavin et al. 2000), the present results show that levels of VEGF mRNA and protein both increased in whole skeletal muscle after a single bout of exercise, by 90 and 72 %, respectively.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialLou, J., Wu, J., Feng, M., Dang, X., Wu, G., Yang, H., Wang, Y., Li, J., Zhao, Y., Shi, C., et al. (2021) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2021.09.009 · Cited by 88
“Even acute exercise bouts increased VEGF mRNA and protein levels transiently in skeletal muscles.(24) 26 Several”
BackgroundEffect of acute exercise and exercise training on VEGF splice variants in human skeletal muscle
Jensen, L., Pilegaard, H., Neufer, P. D., & Hellsten, Y. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00071.2004 · Cited by 81
“Recently studies in human skeletal muscle (10, 14) have revealed that the time course of the total VEGF mRNA response to acute exercise is different from what has been found in rats with VEGF mRNA levels responding faster and returning faster to baseline levels in rats (4).”
BackgroundResultThe critical role of VEGF in skeletal muscle angiogenesis and blood flow
Wagner, P. D. (2011) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst20110646 · Cited by 81
Self-citationZwetsloot, K. A., Westerkamp, L. M., Holmes, B. F., & Gavin, T. P. (2008) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2008.159871 · Cited by 78
“2006) and exercise (Breen et al. 1996; Gustafsson et al. 1999; Gavin et al. 2006); however, the mechanisms that regulate skeletal muscle VEGF expression remain to be elucidated.”
BackgroundEffect of short-term exercise training on angiogenic growth factor gene responses in rats
Gavin, T. P., & Wagner, P. D. (2001) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.2001.90.4.1219 · Cited by 79
“(7) demonstrated that bFGF mRNA was increased only immediately after exercise, whereas both VEGF and TGF-b1 were still elevated 2 h after exercise.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationPhysical Exercise-Induced Myokines in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Lee, B., Shin, M., Park, Y., Won, S.-Y., & Cho, K. S. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22115795 · Cited by 79
Frey, S. P., Jansen, H., Raschke, M. C. E. J., et al. (2012) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · doi:10.1007/s11999-012-2456-7 · Cited by 77
“Several studies suggest increased VEGF-A expression after acute exercise [5, 11, 14] or electrical stimulation [13, 31].”
BackgroundWagner, P. D. (2001) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3401-0_4 · Cited by 73
Self-citationGaudel, C., Schwartz, C., Giordano, C., Abumrad, N. A., & Grimaldi, P. A. (2008) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00581.2007 · Cited by 76
Kosmidou, I., Xagorari, A., Roussos, C., & Papapetropoulos, A. (2001) · American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajplung.2001.280.4.l585 · Cited by 71
“In situ hybridization data (5) revealed the presence of increased mRNA for VEGF in skeletal muscle fibers after exercise, suggesting that myocytes might be the source of this growth factor.”
BackgroundResultBenoit, H. C., Jordan, M. C., Wagner, H. E., et al. (1999) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1999.86.5.1513 · Cited by 71
“We have shown that a single exercise bout (1) and others have found that several days of chronic stimulation (5) in a naı̈ve rat increases VEGF gene expression severalfold as well as that for basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor-b1 (TGFb1) to a lesser degree, presumably initiating angio…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Breen, E. C., Johnson, E. C., Wagner, H., Tseng, H. M., Sung, L. A., & Wagner, P. D.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1996-07-01
- Volume
- 81
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 355-361
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W2137609684
- Cited by
- 302
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 22.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01hl046910-04)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P01HL017731, 2-PO1-HL-17731, 5-RO1-HL-46910)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer
- Keywords
- exercise-induced angiogenesis, angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, TGF-β1, hypoxic exercise, hypoxia, intracellular oxygen tension, mRNA expression, gastrocnemius, single bout exercise
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Hypoxia, Physical Exertion, Female, Half-Life, RNA, Messenger, Blotting, Northern, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Fibroblast Growth Factor 2, Endothelial Growth Factors, Rats, Wistar, In Situ Hybridization, Muscle, Skeletal, Rats
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