Effect of menstrual cycle phase on carbohydrate supplementation during prolonged exercise to fatigue
Abstract
The effects of menstrual cycle phase and carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation were investigated during prolonged exercise. Nine healthy, moderately trained women cycled at 70% peak O 2 consumption until exhaustion. Two trials were completed during the follicular (Fol) and luteal (Lut) phases of the menstrual cycle. Subjects consumed 0.6 g CHO ⋅ kg body wt−1⋅ h−1(5 ml/kg of a 6% CHO solution every 30 min beginning at min 30 of exercise) or a placebo drink (Pl) during exercise. Time to exhaustion during CHO increased from Pl values ( P < 0.05) by 14.4 ± 8.5 (Fol) and 11.4 ± 7.1% (Lut); no differences were observed between menstrual cycle phases. CHO attenuated ( P < 0.05) the decrease in plasma glucose and insulin and the increase in plasma free fatty acids, tryptophan, epinephrine, and cortisol observed during Pl for both phases. Plasma alanine, glutamine, proline, and isoleucine were lower ( P < 0.05) in Lut than in Fol phase. CHO resulted in lower ( P < 0.05) plasma tyrosine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine. These results indicate that the menstrual cycle phase does not alter the effects of CHO supplementation on performance and plasma levels of related substrates during prolonged exercise.
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Provision of a CHO-electrolyte beverage during endurance exercise in the heat attenuates immune disturbances compared to a placebo beverage, more so in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.
“provision of a CHO-electrolyte beverage during endurance exercise in the heat attenuates immune disturbances compared to a placebo beverage, more so in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle [213].”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [213]
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- Authors
- Bailey, S. P., Zacher, C. M., & Mittleman, K. D.
- Affiliations
- Elon University (US)
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2000-02-01
- Volume
- 88
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 690-697
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W1940964014
- Cited by
- 99
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- menstrual cycle phases, carbohydrate supplementation, prolonged exercise, time to exhaustion, luteal phase, follicular phase, plasma amino acids, plasma free fatty acids, plasma glucose, insulin, cortisol, female athletes, exercise fatigue
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Amino Acids, Blood Pressure, Dietary Carbohydrates, Epinephrine, Fatigue, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Insulin, Menstrual Cycle, Norepinephrine, Oxygen Consumption, Pulmonary Gas Exchange, Exercise, Dietary Supplements
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