Effects of estradiol on substrate turnover during exercise in amenorrheic females
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of transdermal estradiol (E2) replacement on substrate utilization during exercise. Amenorrheic females (N = 6) performed three exercise trials following 72 h of placebo (C 72) and 72 and 144 h of medicated transdermal estradiol (E2) treatment (E2 72 and E2 144). Exercise involved 90 min of treadmill running at 65% VO2max followed by timed exercise to exhaustion at 85% VO2max. Resting blood samples were obtained for glucose, insulin, free fatty acids (FFA), and E2. Exercise blood samples were obtained for E2, lactate, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Rates of appearance and disposal were calculated for glucose and glycerol using a primed, continuous infusion of [6,6-2H] glucose and [2H5] glycerol. Medicated transdermal placement increased E2 significantly at rest, before exercise (35.03 +/- 12.3, 69.5 +/- 20.1, and 73.1 +/- 31.6 pg.mL-1 for the C 72, E2 72, and E2 144 trials, respectively, P < 0.05). Resting FFA increased significantly following E2 treatment (0.28 +/- 0.16, 0.41 +/- 0.27, and 0.40 +/- 0.21 mmol.L-1 for the C 72, E2 72, and E2 144 trials, respectively, P < 0.05). Glucose Ra was significantly decreased during exercise as a result of E2 replacement (21.9 +/- 7.7, 18.9 +/- 6.2, and 18.9 +/- 5.6 mumol.kg-1.min-1 for the C 72, E2 72, and E2 144 trials, respectively, P < 0.05). Average glucose Rd also decreased during exercise as a result of E2 replacement (21.3 +/- 7.8, 18.5 +/- 6.4, and 18.6 +/- 5.8 mumol.kg-1.min-1 for the C 72, E2 72, and E2 144 trials, respectively, P < 0.05). However, the estimated relative contribution of plasma glucose and muscle glycogen to total carbohydrate oxidation was similar among the trials. Epinephrine values were significantly lower late in exercise during the E2 72 and E2 144 trials, compared with the C 72 trial (P < 0.05). These results indicate that elevated E2 levels can alter glucose metabolism at rest and during moderate intensity exercise as a result of decreased gluconeogenesis, epinephrine secretion, and/or glucose transport.
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Oestrogen supplementation increases plasma free fatty acid concentrations and lowers muscle glycogen content.
“Additionally, oestrogen supplementation has been found to increase plasma FFA concentrations (Ruby et al. 1997) and lower muscle glycogen content (Devries et al. 2005).”
From Sex‐based differences in endurance exercise muscle metabolism: impact on exercise and nutritional strategies to optimize health and performance in women (2016) · cites this paper as Ruby et al. 1997
Oestrogen acts primarily on the liver, decreasing glucose release to influence substrate metabolism during END.
“Collectively, these data suggest that oestrogen acts primarily on the liver, decreasing glucose release to influence substrate metabolism during END.”
From Sex‐based differences in endurance exercise muscle metabolism: impact on exercise and nutritional strategies to optimize health and performance in women (2016) · cites this paper as Ruby et al. 1997
Short-term oestrogen supplementation, at doses mimicking follicular phase, luteal phase or supraphysiological oestrogen concentrations, administered to amenorrheic women or men decreases liver glucose output and muscle uptake.
“Short-term supplementation of oestrogen (doses to mimic follicular phase, luteal phase and supraphysiological oestrogen concentrations) administered to ammenorrhoeic women or to men decreased liver glucose output and muscle uptake (Ruby et al. 1997;Carter et al. 2001a;Devries et al. 2005)”
From Sex‐based differences in endurance exercise muscle metabolism: impact on exercise and nutritional strategies to optimize health and performance in women (2016) · cites this paper as Ruby et al. 1997
Oestrogen supplementation has no effect on whole-body lipolysis, measured as glycerol Ra and Rd, or on muscle glycogen utilization.
“with no effect on whole-body lipolysis (measured as glycerol R a and R d ; Ruby et al. 1997;Carter et al. 2001a) or muscle glycogen utilization (Tarnopolsky et al. 2001a;Devries et al. 2005).”
From Sex‐based differences in endurance exercise muscle metabolism: impact on exercise and nutritional strategies to optimize health and performance in women (2016) · cites this paper as Ruby et al. 1997
The effects of endogenous and/or exogenous estradiol reduce the rate of glucose appearance (Ra) and disappearance (Rd) during tightly controlled exercise trials under fasted conditions without altering total carbohydrate oxidation.
“The effects of endogenous and/or exogenous estradiol has been demonstrated to reduce the rate of glucose appearance (Ra) and disappearance (Rd) during tightly controlled exercise trials under fasted conditions (Zderic et al. 2001; Ruby et al. 2002a, b; Ruby et al. 1997) but without altering total carbohydrate oxidation.”
From Males and females exhibit similar muscle glycogen recovery with varied recovery food sources (2020) · cites this paper as Ruby et al. 1997
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- Authors
- RUBY, B. C., ROBERGS, R. A., WATERS, D. L., BURGE, M., MERMIER, C., & STOLARCZYK, L.
- Affiliations
- University of New Mexico (US)
- University of New Mexico Hospital (US)
- Venue
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
- Published
- 1997-09
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1160-1169
- ISSN
- 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2018132314
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 9.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Faculty of Health
- Funders
- National Center for Research Resources (5M01 RR00997-18, M01RR000997)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Keywords
- estradiol replacement, amenorrhea, exercise metabolism, substrate turnover, glucose utilization, free fatty acids, glycerol, substrate oxidation, endurance exercise, transdermal estradiol, female athletes, epinephrine, norepinephrine, lactate, hypogonadism
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Cutaneous, Adult, Amenorrhea, Energy Metabolism, Estradiol, Female, Glucose, Glycerol, Humans, Sports, Exercise, Estrogen Replacement Therapy
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