Carbon monoxide supplementation: evaluating its potential to enhance altitude training effects and cycling performance in elite athletes

In the citing paper

“Periodic inhalation of carbon monoxide (CO) at rest has been shown to mimic the effects of hypoxic training (Wang et al., 2019) and living at high altitude (Schmidt et al., 2020), with additive benefits when combined with natural high‐altitude exposure (Urianstad et al., 2024).”

In the citing paper

“Emerging evidence (Schmidt et al., 2020; Urianstad et al., 2024) suggests that carbon monoxide (CO) inhalation mimics hypoxic conditions (Richardson et al., 2002) by reducing functional haemoglobin availability (Douglas et al., 1912; Haldane, 1912), while stimulating erythropoiesis (Montero & Lundby, 2019) without causing hypoxic‐induced tachycardia and hypoxic ventilatory response (Hanada et al.,”

In the citing paper

“A more recent study (Urianstad et al., 2024) indicated that CO supplementation had a positive additive effect on haematological parameters when combined with moderate altitude training, in comparison to both the live‐high, train‐high approach alone and sea‐level training.”

In the citing paper

“The present study, along with the recently published work from our group (Urianstad et al., 2024), represents the first and only evidence in well‐trained individuals to indicate physiological benefits of low‐dose CO inhalation.”

In the citing paper

“Furthermore, a recent study found that the addition of twice-daily CO inhalation (increasing CO levels to ∼10%) to a live-high and train-high (LHTH) training camp (3 weeks at 2,100 m) induced larger increases in tHb-mass compared to LHTH without CO breathing in male cyclist (VO2max > 70 mL/min/kg) (Urianstad et al., 2024).”