How are complex cell properties adapted to the statistics of natural stimuli?
Abstract
Sensory areas should be adapted to the properties of their natural stimuli. What are the underlying rules that match the properties of complex cells in primary visual cortex to their natural stimuli? To address this issue, we sampled movies from a camera carried by a freely moving cat, capturing the dynamics of image motion as the animal explores an outdoor environment. We use these movie sequences as input to simulated neurons. Following the intuition that many meaningful high-level variables, e.g., identities of visible objects, do not change rapidly in natural visual stimuli, we adapt the neurons to exhibit firing rates that are stable over time. We find that simulated neurons, which have optimally stable activity, display many properties that are observed for cortical complex cells. Their response is invariant with respect to stimulus translation and reversal of contrast polarity. Furthermore, spatial frequency selectivity and the aspect ratio of the receptive field quantitatively match the experimentally observed characteristics of complex cells. Hence, the population of complex cells in the primary visual cortex can be described as forming an optimally stable representation of natural stimuli.
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Imposing continuity within certain models gives rise to aspects of the visual system including complex cells, specific properties of visual invariance, and even other representational properties such as the existence of place cells.
“Imposing continuity within certain models gives rise to aspects of the visual system including complex cells (Körding et al., 2004), specific properties of visual invariance (Isik et al., 2012), and even other representational properties such as the existence of place cells (Wyss et al., 2006; Franzius et al., 2007).”
From Toward an integration of deep learning and neuroscience (2016) · cites this paper as Körding et al., 2004
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- Authors
- Körding, K. P., Kayser, C., Einhäuser, W., & König, P.
- Affiliations
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- ORCID
- Kayser, Christoph
- Venue
- Journal of Neurophysiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2004-01
- Volume
- 91
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 206-212
- ISSN
- 0022-3077 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1598
- OpenAlex
- W2124237441
- Cited by
- 121
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PUB – Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University) (submittedVersion)
- Publikationen an der Universität Bielefeld (Universität Bielefeld) (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- complex cells, primary visual cortex, neural adaptation, spatial frequency selectivity, translation invariance, cat visual system, image motion
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cats, Computer Simulation, Models, Neurological, Neurons, Orientation, Photic Stimulation, Space Perception, Visual Cortex, Visual Fields, Visual Pathways, Neural Networks, Computer
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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