Electrical Microstimulation Distinguishes Distinct Saccade-Related Areas in the Posterior Parietal Cortex
Abstract
Thier, Peter and Richard A. Andersen. Electrical microstimulation distinguishes distinct saccade-related areas in the posterior parietal cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 1713–1735, 1998. Electrical microstimulation (0.1-ms bipolar pulses at 500 Hz, current strength usually between 100 and 200 μA) was used to delineate saccade-related areas in the posterior parietal cortex of monkeys. Stimulation-induced saccades were found to be restricted to the lateral intraparietal area (area LIP) in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and a region on the medial aspect of the parietal lobe (area MP, medial parietal area), close to the caudal end of the cingulate sulcus, whereas stimulation of area 7a did not evoke eye movements. Two different types of evoked saccades were observed. Modified vector saccades, whose amplitude was modified by the position of the eyes at stimulation onset were the hallmark of sites in area LIP and area MP. The same sites were characterized by a propensity of single units active in the memory and presaccadic response segments of the memory saccade paradigm. Goal-directed saccades driving the eyes toward a circumscribed region relative to the head were largely restricted to a small strip of cortex on the lateral bank and the floor of the IPS (the intercalated zone), separating the representation of upward and downward directed saccades in LIP. Unlike stimulation in LIP or MP, stimulation in the intercalated zone gave rise to head, pinnae, facial, and shoulder movements accompanying the evoked saccades. We propose that the amplitude modification of vector saccades characterizing LIP and MP may reflect a spatially distributed head-centered coding scheme for saccades. On the other hand, the goal-directed saccades found in the intercalated zone could indicate the use of a spatially much more localized representation of desired location in head-centered space.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The stimulation currents used in our experiments were an order of magnitude smaller than what has been previously reported to elicit saccades in LIP.
“Although the stimulation currents used in our experiments were an order of magnitude smaller than what has been previously reported to elicit saccades in LIP48”
From Microstimulation of macaque area LIP affects decision-making in a motion discrimination task (2006) · cites this paper as [48]
Cites
Circular Statistics in Biology
Watson, G. S., & Batschelet, E. (1982) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1267831 · Cited by 4,632 · see citing works
Mountcastle, V. B., Lynch, J. C., Georgopoulos, A., Sakata, H., & Acuna, C. (1975) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1975.38.4.871 · Cited by 2,061 · see citing works
Which elements are excited in electrical stimulation of mammalian central nervous system: A review
Ranck, J. B. (1975) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(75)90364-9 · Cited by 2,024 · see citing works
Implantation of magnetic search coils for measurement of eye position: An improved method
Judge, S. J., Richmond, B. J., & Chu, F. C. (1980) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/0042-6989(80)90128-5 · Cited by 1,545 · see citing works
Eye movements evoked by collicular stimulation in the alert monkey
Robinson, D. A. (1972) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/0042-6989(72)90070-3 · Cited by 1,350 · see citing works
The main sequence, a tool for studying human eye movements
Bahill, A. T., Clark, M. R., & STARK, L. W. (1975) · Mathematical Biosciences · doi:10.1016/0025-5564(75)90075-9 · Cited by 1,291 · see citing works
Zipser, D., & Andersen, R. A. (1988) · Nature · doi:10.1038/331679a0 · Cited by 1,172 · see citing works
Self-citationMemory related motor planning activity in posterior parietal cortex of macaque
Gnadt, J. W., & Andersen, R. A. (1988) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00271862 · Cited by 998 · see citing works
Self-citationCortical connections of visual area MT in the macaque
Ungerleider, L. G., & Desimone, R. (1986) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902480204 · Cited by 954 · see citing works
Silver Staining of Myelin by Means of Physical Development
Gallyas, F. (1979) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1080/01616412.1979.11739553 · Cited by 936 · see citing works
Parietal lobe mechanisms for directed visual attention
Lynch, J. C., Mountcastle, V. B., Talbot, W. H., & Yin, T. C. T. (1977) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1977.40.2.362 · Cited by 926 · see citing works
Bruce, C. J., Goldberg, M. E., Bushnell, M. C., & Stanton, G. B. (1985) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1985.54.3.714 · Cited by 926 · see citing works
Ferrier, D. (1876) · G P Putnam's Sons eBooks · doi:10.1037/12860-000 · Cited by 872 · see citing works
Andersen, R., Asanuma, C., Essick, G., & Siegel, R. M. (1990) · The Journal of comparative neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902960106 · Cited by 853 · see citing works
Self-citationCavada, C., & Goldman-Rakic, P. (1989) · The Journal of comparative neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902870402 · Cited by 812 · see citing works
A method for measuring horizontal and vertical eye movement chronically in the monkey.
Fuchs, A. F., & Robinson, D. A. (1966) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1966.21.3.1068 · Cited by 795 · see citing works
Intrinsic connections and architectonics of posterior parietal cortex in the rhesus monkey
Pandya, D., & Seltzer, B. (1982) · The Journal of comparative neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902040208 · Cited by 730 · see citing works
Ventral intraparietal area of the macaque: Anatomic location and visual response properties
Colby, C. L., Duhamel, J. R., & Goldberg, M. E. (1993) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1993.69.3.902 · Cited by 701 · see citing works
Hikosaka, O., & Wurtz, R. H. (1983) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1983.49.5.1268 · Cited by 697 · see citing works
Spatial invariance of visual receptive fields in parietal cortex neurons
Duhamel, J., Bremmer, F., Hamed, S. B., & Graf, W. M. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/39865 · Cited by 635 · see citing works
Eye position effects on visual, memory, and saccade-related activity in areas LIP and 7a of macaque
Andersen, R. A., Bracewell, R. M., Barash, S., Gnadt, J., & Fogassi, L. (1990) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.10-04-01176.1990 · Cited by 628 · see citing works
Self-citationSchall, J. D., Morel, A., King, D., & Bullier, J. (1995) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.15-06-04464.1995 · Cited by 625 · see citing works
FUNCTION OF THE PARIETAL ASSOCIATIVE AREA 7 AS REVEALED FROM CELLULAR DISCHARGES IN ALERT MONKEYS
Hyvärinen, J., & Poranen, A. (1974) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/97.1.673 · Cited by 625 · see citing works
Blatt, G. J., Andersen, R. A., & Stoner, G. R. (1990) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902990404 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Self-citationEvidence for a supplementary eye field
Schlag, J., & Schlag-Rey, M. (1987) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1987.57.1.179 · Cited by 603 · see citing works
Komatsu, H., & Wurtz, R. H. (1988) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1988.60.2.580 · Cited by 545 · see citing works
Becker, W., & Fuchs, A. F. (1969) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/0042-6989(69)90112-6 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Colby, C. L., Gattass, R., Olson, C. R., & Gross, C. G. (1988) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902690307 · Cited by 470 · see citing works
Barash, S., Bracewell, R. M., Fogassi, L., Gnadt, J., & Andersen, R. A. (1991) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1991.66.3.1095 · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Self-citationSaccade-related activity in the lateral intraparietal area. II. Spatial properties
Barash, S., Bracewell, R. M., Fogassi, L., Gnadt, J., & Andersen, R. A. (1991) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1991.66.3.1109 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Self-citationStimulation of the superior colliculus in the alert cat
Roucoux, A., Guitton, D., & Crommelinck, M. (1980) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00237071 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Topography of projections to posterior cortical areas from the macaque frontal eye fields
Stanton, G. B., Bruce, C. J., & Goldberg, M. E. (1995) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903530210 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Andersen, R. A., Asanuma, C., & Cowan, W. M. (1985) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902320403 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Self-citationThe somatotopic organization of the supplementary motor area: intracortical microstimulation mapping
Mitz, A., & Wise, S. (1987) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.07-04-01010.1987 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Stimulation of the superior colliculus in the alert cat
Guitton, D., Crommelinck, M., & Roucoux, A. (1980) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00237070 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Shibutani, H., Sakata, H., & Hyv�rinen, J. (1984) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00240493 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Effects of eye position on saccades evoked electrically from superior colliculus of alert cats
McIlwain, J. T. (1986) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1986.55.1.97 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Schall, J. D. (1991) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1991.66.2.530 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Modulation of pursuit eye movements by stimulation of cortical areas MT and MST
Komatsu, H., & Wurtz, R. H. (1989) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1989.62.1.31 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
SACCADIC DYSMETRIA IN A PATIENT WITH A RIGHT FRONTOPARIETAL LESION
Duhamel, J., Goldberg, M. E., FitzGibbon, E. J., Angela Sirigu, B., & Grafman, J. H. (1992) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/115.5.1387 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Control of eye position in the dark
Skavenski, A. A., & Steinman, R. M. (1970) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/0042-6989(70)90115-x · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Pierrot‐Deseilligny, C., Gray, F., & Brunet, P. (1986) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/109.1.81 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Principles of brain stimulation
(1991) · General Pharmacology The Vascular System · doi:10.1016/0306-3623(91)90108-i · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Responses of Visual‐Tracking Neurons from Cortical Area MST‐I to Visual, Eye and Head Motion
Thier, P., & Erickson, R. G. (1992) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1992.tb00904.x · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citationFrequency limitations of the two-point central difference differentiation algorithm
Bahill, A. T., Kallman, J. S., & Lieberman, J. E. (1982) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/bf00387207 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Conditional task-related responses in monkey dorsomedial frontal cortex
Mann, S., Thau, R., & Schiller, P. H. (1988) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00247300 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Tehovnik, E. J., & Lee, K. (1993) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00234111 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Russo, G. S., & Bruce, C. J. (1993) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1993.69.3.800 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Combination of Hand and Gaze Signals During Reaching: Activity in Parietal Area 7m of the Monkey
Ferraina, S., Johnson, P. B., Garasto, M. R., Battaglia‐Mayer, A., Ercolani, L., Bianchi, L., Lacquaniti, F., & Caminiti, R. (1997) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.2.1034 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Multiple visual areas in the posterior parietal cortex of primates.
Cavada, C., & Goldman-Rakic, P. (1993) · Progress in Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)60363-5 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Eye movements elicited by electrical stimulation of area PG in the monkey
Kurylo, D. D., & Skavenski, A. A. (1991) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1991.65.6.1243 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Thier, P., & Andersen, R. A. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.10.4962 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citationThe dorsomedial frontal cortex of the macaca monkey: fixation and saccade-related activity
Bon, L., & Lucchetti, C. (1992) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00229882 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Keating, E. G., Gooley, S. G., Pratt, S. E., & Kelsey, J. E. (1983) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(83)90971-x · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Microstimulation of a Neural-Network Model for Visually Guided Saccades
Goodman, S. J., & Andersen, R. A. (1989) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1989.1.4.317 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationOhtsuka, K., Edamura, M., Kawahara, K., et al. (1987) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(87)90711-7 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Multiple Parietal “Eye Fields”: Insights from Electrical Microstimulation
Thier, P., & Andersen, R. A. (1997) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-60661-8_6 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationKippenhahn, R., & Weigert, A. (1990) · Astronomy and astrophysics library · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-61523-8_22 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The precuneus: a review of its functional anatomy and behavioural correlates
Cavanna, A. E., & Trimble, M. R. (2006) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awl004 · Cited by 5,128 · see citing works
Attention, intention, and priority in the parietal lobe
Bisley, J. W., & Goldberg, M. E. (2010) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-060909-152823 · Cited by 1,043 · see citing works
Complex Movements Evoked by Microstimulation of Precentral Cortex
Graziano, M. S. A., Taylor, C. S. R., & Moore, T. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00698-0 · Cited by 921 · see citing works
Parieto-frontal interactions, personal space, and defensive behavior
Graziano, M. S. A., & Cooke, D. F. (2006) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.09.009 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Microstimulation of macaque area LIP affects decision-making in a motion discrimination task
Hanks, T. D., Ditterich, J., & Shadlen, M. N. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1683 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Intention-related activity in the posterior parietal cortex: a review
Snyder, L. H., Batista, A. P., & Andersen, R. A. (2000) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(00)00052-3 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Self-citationConnections of the medial posterior parietal cortex (area 7m) in the monkey
Leichnetz, G. R. (2001) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.1082 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Ben Hamed, S., Duhamel, J.-R., Bremmer, F., & Graf, W. (2001) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s002210100785 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Pursuit eye movement deficits in autism
Takarae, Y. (2004) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh307 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Representation of accumulating evidence for a decision in two parietal areas
de Lafuente, V., Jazayeri, M., & Shadlen, M. N. (2015) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2451-14.2015 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
“Just as LIP neurons signal the location of objects that are potential objects of saccadic eye movements (Thier and Andersen, 1998), MIP neurons signal the spatial location of objects that are potential targets of reach movements (Mountcastle et al.”
BackgroundChapter 9 Look and see: how the brain moves your eyes about
Schiller, P. H., & Tehovnik, E. J. (2001) · Progress in Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(01)34010-4 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Optogenetic and electrical microstimulation systematically bias visuospatial choice in primates
Dai, J., Brooks, D. I., & Sheinberg, D. L. (2014) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.11.011 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
- Authors
- Thier, P., & Andersen, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen (DE)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Neurophysiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1998-10-01
- Volume
- 80
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1713-1735
- ISSN
- 0022-3077 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1598
- OpenAlex
- W2200160905
- Cited by
- 219
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 2.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vestibular and auditory disorders
- Keywords
- saccades, electrical microstimulation, posterior parietal cortex, lateral intraparietal area, intraparietal sulcus, eye movements
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Haplorhini, Brain Mapping, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Head, Movement, Neurons, Orbit, Parietal Lobe, Posture, Reaction Time, Saccades
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
