Visual, auditory, and somatosensory convergence on cells in superior colliculus results in multisensory integration
Abstract
Convergence of inputs from different sensory modalities onto individual neurons is a phenomenon that occurs widely throughout the brain at many phyletic levels and appears to represent a basic neural mechanism by which an organism integrates complex environmental stimuli. In the present study, neurons in the superior colliculus (SC) were used as a model to examine how single neurons deal with simultaneous cues from different sensory modalities (e.g., visual, auditory, somatosensory). The functional result of multisensory convergence on an individual cell was determined by comparing the responses evoked from it by a combined-modality (multimodal) stimulus with those elicited by each (unimodal) component of that stimulus presented alone. Superior colliculus cells exhibited profound changes in their activity when individual sensory stimuli were combined. These "multisensory interactions" were found to be widespread among deep laminae cells and fell into one of two functional categories: response enhancement, characterized by a significant increase in the number of discharges evoked; and response depression, characterized by a significant decrease in the discharges elicited. Multisensory response interactions most often reflected a multiplicative, rather than summative, change in activity. Their absolute magnitude varied from cell to cell and, when stimulus conditions were altered, within the same cell. However, the percentage change of enhanced interactions was generally inversely related to the vigor of the responses that could be evoked by presenting each unimodal stimulus alone and suggest that the potential for response amplification was greatest when responses evoked by individual stimuli were weakest. The majority of cells exhibiting multi-sensory characteristics were demonstrated to have descending efferent projections and thus had access to premotor and motor areas of the brain stem and spinal cord involved in SC-mediated attentive and orientation behaviors. These data show that multisensory convergence provides the descending efferent cells of the SC with a dynamic response character. The responses of these cells and the SC-mediated behaviors that they underlie need not be immutably tied to the presence of any single stimulus, but can vary in response to the particular complex of stimuli present in the environment at any given moment.
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A greater degree of sensory integration is shown for weaker compared to stronger stimuli.
“Indeed, a greater degree of sensory integration has been shown for weaker compared to stronger stimuli [106].”
From The Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Sensory Factors in Sweetness Perception of Food and Beverages: A Review (2019) · cites this paper as [106]
An additive response, both in the brain and in behaviour, is expected when several sensory attributes are changed at once, bigger than manipulating a single sense individually.
“This is precisely the sort of situation in which one might expect to see an additive response (both in the brain and in behaviour), a response that is far bigger than that which can be achieved by manipulating a single sense individually at a time [106,194].”
From The Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Sensory Factors in Sweetness Perception of Food and Beverages: A Review (2019) · cites this paper as [106]
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- Authors
- Meredith, M. A., & Stein, B. E.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Neurophysiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1986-09-01
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 640-662
- ISSN
- 0022-3077 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1598
- OpenAlex
- W2165371202
- Cited by
- 1,183
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 31.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS22543)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- superior colliculus, multisensory integration, multisensory convergence, multisensory interaction, response enhancement, multiplicative interaction
- MeSH terms
- Afferent Pathways, Animals, Cats, Efferent Pathways, Electric Stimulation, Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory, Hearing, Neurons, Afferent, Sensory Thresholds, Stereotaxic Techniques, Superior Colliculi, Vision, Ocular
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