Cited by 921Motor Control and AdaptationNeural dynamics and brain functionNeurological disorders and treatments

Complex Movements Evoked by Microstimulation of Precentral Cortex

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Graziano, Michael S.A, Taylor, Charlotte S.R, Moore, Tirin·2002·Neuron

Abstract

Electrical microstimulation was used to study primary motor and premotor cortex in monkeys. Each stimulation train was 500 ms in duration, approximating the time scale of normal reaching and grasping movements and the time scale of the neuronal activity that normally accompanies movement. This stimulation on a behaviorally relevant time scale evoked coordinated, complex postures that involved many joints. For example, stimulation of one site caused the mouth to open and also caused the hand to shape into a grip posture and move to the mouth. Stimulation of this site always drove the joints toward this final posture, regardless of the direction of movement required to reach the posture. Stimulation of other cortical sites evoked different postures. Postures that involved the arm were arranged across cortex to form a map of hand positions around the body. This stimulation-evoked map encompassed both primary motor and the adjacent premotor cortex. We suggest that these regions fit together into a single map of the workspace around the body.

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Crossref · 10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00698-0

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Authors
Graziano, M. S. A., Taylor, C. S. R., & Moore, T.
Affiliations
Princeton University (US)
Corresponding author
Graziano, Michael S.A
Venue
Neuron
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2002-05
Volume
34
Issue
5
Pages
841-851
ISSN
0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2006206079
Cited by
921
References
59
Citations by year
2026: 26 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 68 · 2014: 55 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 47
FWCI
15.69
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Neuron (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (EY-11347, MH-12336)
  • Burroughs Wellcome Fund (992817)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
Keywords
electrical microstimulation, primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, reach-to-grasp, postural control, body map, joint coordination, motor cortex mapping, monkeys
MeSH terms
Animals, Brain Mapping, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Fear, Fingers, Hand, Macaca, Motor Cortex, Movement, Muscle Contraction, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Posture, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Time Factors, Touch, Visual Perception, Muscle, Skeletal

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