Pursuit eye movement deficits in autism
Abstract
Oculomotor studies provide a novel strategy for evaluating the functional integrity of multiple brain systems and cognitive processes in autism. The current study compared pursuit eye movements of 60 high-functioning individuals with autism and 94 intelligence quotient, age and gender matched healthy individuals using ramp and oscillating target tasks. Individuals with autism had normal pursuit latency, but reduced closed-loop pursuit gain when tracking both oscillating and ramp targets. This closed-loop deficit was similar for leftward and rightward pursuit, but the difference between individuals with autism and their age-matched peers was more apparent after mid-adolescence, suggesting reduced maturational achievement of the pursuit system in autism. Individuals with autism also had lower open-loop pursuit gain (initial 100 ms of pursuit) and less accurate initial catch-up saccades during a foveofugal step-ramp task, but these deficits were only seen when targets moved into the right visual field. Pursuit performance in both open- and closed-loop phases was correlated with manual praxis in individuals with autism. Bilateral disturbances in the ability to use internally generated extraretinal signals for closed-loop pursuit implicate frontostriatal or cerebellar circuitry. The hemifield specific deficit in open-loop pursuit demonstrates a lateralized disturbance in the left extrastriate areas that extract visual motion information, or in the transfer of visual motion information to the sensorimotor areas that transform visual information into appropriate oculomotor commands.
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Findings of reduced smooth pursuit velocity, hypometric saccades, and increased trial-to-trial variability of saccade amplitude implicate vermal dysfunction in AD.
“Findings of reduced smooth pursuit velocity [202], hypometric saccades, and increased trial-to-trial variability of saccade amplitude [24] implicate vermal dysfunction in AD.”
From Consensus Paper: Pathological Role of the Cerebellum in Autism (2012) · cites this paper as [202]
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The Fragile X Family of Disorders: A Model for Autism and Targeted Treatments
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“Another line of research that supports a dorsal stream deficit hypothesis in autism is the finding of deficits in smooth pursuit eye movements [100], which in schizophreN t For Distr ibu i”
BackgroundVision in children with autism spectrum disorder: a critical review
Little, J. (2018) · Clinical and Experimental Optometry · doi:10.1111/cxo.12651 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
A Computational Model for Cerebral Cortical Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Vattikuti, S., & Chow, C. C. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.008 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
“Subjects with ASD also appeared to exhibit more saccade hypometria than control subjects at higher target velocities (14), suggesting that briefer saccade cues provide greater hypometric discrimination between control and ASD groups.”
BackgroundNeurobehavioral Abnormalities in First-Degree Relatives of Individuals With Autism
Mosconi, M. W., Kay, M., D’Cruz, A.-M., Guter, S., Kapur, K., Macmillan, C., Stanford, L. D., & Sweeney, J. A. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.87 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Comparison of Form and Motion Coherence Processing in Autistic Spectrum Disorders and Dyslexia
Tsermentseli, S. K., O'Brien, J. M. D., & Spencer, J. V. (2007) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0500-3 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“Indeed a number of studies have reported abnormalities of eye movements in autism (Rosenhall et al. 1988; Scharre and Creedon 1992; Takarae et al. 2004 ) and dyslexia (Biscaldi et al. 2000; Eden et al. 1994; Pavlidis 1981).”
BackgroundMosconi, M. W., Luna, B., Kay-Stacey, M., Nowinski, C. V., Rubin, L. H., Scudder, C. A., Minshew, N. J., & Sweeney, J. A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063709 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
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“Sustained eye movements have been shown to be less accurate in individuals with ASD (Takarae et al. 2004), and sustained reaching movements show atypical kinematic profiles (Cook et al.”
BackgroundTakarae, Y., Luna, B., Minshew, N. J., & Sweeney, J. A. (2008) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617708081277 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationOculomotor inhibition in children with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Hanisch, C., Radach, R. R., Holtkamp, K., Herpertz‐Dahlmann, B., & Konrad, K. (2005) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-005-0344-y · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“During the last years, they have been applied to a number of psychiatric disorders, such as ADHD (Munoz et al., 2003), OCD (Rosenberg et al., 1997), autism (Kemner et al., 2004; Takarae et al., 2004), dyslexia (Ramus, 2003) or tourette syndrome (Swenney, 2004, for a review).”
BackgroundGoal-Directed and Goal-Less Imitation in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Rushton, K., Poliakoff, E., Jerrison, A., & Gowen, E. (2011) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-011-1417-4 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Atypical Integration of Motion Signals in Autism Spectrum Conditions
Robertson, C. E., Martin, A. D., Baker, C. I., & Baron‐Cohen, S. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048173 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
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Action observation and imitation in autism spectrum disorders: an ALE meta-analysis of fMRI studies
Yang, J., & Hofmann, J. (2015) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-015-9456-7 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“Previous studies have found that ASD individuals demonstrated deficits in visual motor perception and use of visual motion information to guide behavior (e.g., Annaz et al. 2010; Koldewyn et al. 2010; Milne et al. 2002; Takarae et al. 2004).”
BackgroundResultVision in Children and Adolescents with Autistic Spectrum Disorder: Evidence for Reduced Convergence
Milne, E., Griffiths, H., Buckley, D., & Scope, A. (2009) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0705-8 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“Examples of perceptual abnormalities include abnormal retinal function (Creel et al. 1989); restricted ocular motility (Scharre and Creedon 1992); reduced optokinetic nystagmus (Scharre and Creedon 1992); reduced smooth pursuit (Scharre and Creedon 1992) although others have reported no abnormalities in smooth pursuit…”
BackgroundAbu-Dahab, S., Skidmore, E. R., Holm, M. B., Rogers, J. C., & Minshew, N. J. (2012) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-011-1439-y · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Motor Skill in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Chukoskie, L., Townsend, J., & Westerfield, M. (2013) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-418700-9.00007-1 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Motor persistence and inhibition in autism and ADHD
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Eye Movement and Visual Search: Are There Elementary Abnormalities in Autism?
Brenner, L. A., Turner, K. C., & Müller, R. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0277-9 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
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“Moreover, a subgroup of autistic patients exhibits several abnormalities in cerebellar morphology and function, including a significant loss of Purkinje cells [70, 71], hypoplasia of the cerebellar lobules [60, 61, 72] and impaired eye movement [ 73 ] and motor coordination [74], most of which are similarly characteri…”
BackgroundVisual Motion Processing and Visual Sensorimotor Control in Autism
Takarae, Y., Luna, B., Minshew, N. J., & Sweeney, J. A. (2013) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617713001203 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“The aim of this study was to investigate the neural substrates of visual motion perception and visual pursuit tracking impairments that have been reported in autism (Bertone et al., 2003; Milne et al., 2002; Spencer et al., 2000; Takarae et al., 2004).”
Self-citationRethinking Stereotypies in Autism
McCarty, M. J., & Brumback, A. C. (2021) · Seminars in Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.spen.2021.100897 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
New Eye-Tracking Techniques May Revolutionize Mental Health Screening
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“The study of Wang et al. (2015) focuses on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and replaces structured tasks and laboratory stimuli—previously extensively studied in ASD (e.g., Takarae et al., 2004)—by simple free viewing of natural images.”
BackgroundVisual function in autism spectrum disorders: a critical review
Bakroon, A., & Lakshminarayanan, V. (2016) · Clinical and Experimental Optometry · doi:10.1111/cxo.12383 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Oculomotor studies of cerebellar function in autism
Nowinski, C. V., Minshew, N. J., Luna, B., Takarae, Y., & Sweeney, J. A. (2005) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2005.07.005 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationContribution of olivofloccular circuitry developmental defects to atypical gaze in autism
Węgiel, J., Kuchna, I., Nowicki, K., Imaki, H., Wegiel, J., Ma, S. Y., Azmitia, E. C., Banerjee, P., Flory, M. J., Cohen, I. L., et al. (2013) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2013.03.037 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“Several studies have revealed impairments in smooth visual pursuit in autism (Rosenhall et al., 1988; Scharre and Creedon, 1992; Takarae et al., 2004).”
Eltokhi, A., Kurpiers, B., & Pitzer, C. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-85858-3 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
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Lateralized Response Timing Deficits in Autism
D'Cruz, A.-M., Mosconi, M. W., Steele, S. D., Rubin, L. H., Luna, B., Minshew, N. J., & Sweeney, J. A. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.01.008 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Oculometric assessment of dynamic visual processing
Liston, D. B., & Stone, L. S. (2014) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/14.14.12 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Stanley-Cary, C., Rinehart, N., Tonge, B. J., White, O. B., & Fielding, J. (2010) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-010-0229-y · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“For example, deficits in smooth pursuit performance have been postulated to reflect both cerebellar and fronto-striatal dysfunction [27].”
BackgroundUnderstanding the Visual Symptoms of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Coulter, R. A. (2009) · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Norton, D. J., McBain, R. K., Gold, J., Frazier, J. A., & Coyle, J. T. (2012) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.01.007 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
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“Several investigations showed that the results of visual perception are inconsistent, as evidenced by impairment of eye movements and contrast sensitivity [13, 14]; enhanced visual searching [15, 16] and hyper-local orientation [17] in individuals with autism; normal in orientation processing, crowding, and flicker de…”
BackgroundTakarae, Y., Zanesco, A. P., Keehn, B., Chukoskie, L., Müller, R., & Townsend, J. (2022) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.13231 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationVisual scan paths in first-episode schizophrenia and cannabis-induced psychosis
Benson, P. J., Leonards, U., Lothian, R., Clair, D. M. S., & Merlo, M. C. G. (2007) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1139/jpn.0727 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Constellation autistique, mouvement, temps et pensée
Gepner, B. (2006) · Devenir · doi:10.3917/dev.064.0333 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Morimoto, C., Hida, E., Shima, K., & Okamura, H. (2017) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3334-7 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
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“[53], recording the performance of a large sample of highfunctioning individuals with ASD in three types of task.”
BackgroundInfluentialSaccade dysmetria indicates attenuated visual exploration in autism spectrum disorder
Bast, N., Mason, L., Freitag, C. M., Smith, T. J., Portugal, A. M., Poustka, L., Banaschewski, T., Johnson, M. H., & The EU‐AIMS LEAP Group (2020) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13267 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“…(Mill, O’Connor, & Dobbins, 2016), that is, absolute pupil dilation corrected for per-participant mean, saccade duration (Schmitt et al., 2014), saccade amplitude (Mosconi et al., 2013; Wass et al., 2015), and peak saccade velocity (Schmitt et al., 2014; Takarae, Minshew, Luna, & Sweeney, 2004).”
A Psychophysical Test of the Visual Pathway of Children with Autism
Sánchez‐Marin, F. J., & Padilla-Medina, J. A. (2007) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0507-9 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Accommodative Function in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Anketell, P. M., Saunders, K. J., Gallagher, S. M., Bailey, C., & Little, J. (2018) · Optometry and Vision Science · doi:10.1097/opx.0000000000001190 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Structure, Function, and Genetics of the Cerebellum in Autism
Sydnor, L. M., & Aldinger, K. A. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatry and Brain Science · doi:10.20900/jpbs.20220008 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Atypical eye gaze [67], delayed orienting [68], impairments in smooth pursuit [69], altered movement perception, and deficits in facial perception [70] demonstrated by individuals with ASD (details reviewed by [71,72]) are likely mediated by these abnormal sensorimotor connections, other alterations in olivofloccular…”
BackgroundSamson, F., Zeffiro, T. A., Doyon, J., Benali, H., & Mottron, L. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.05.011 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Classifying Autism Spectrum Disorder Based on Scanpaths and Saliency
Startsev, M., & Dörr, M. (2019) · IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & Expo Workshops (ICMEW) · doi:10.1109/icmew.2019.00122 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“eral prior works [18, 19] have investigated smooth pursuit behaviour of children and young adults with ASD, but findings can differ between artificial and naturalistic stimuli [7].”
BackgroundLandry, O., Mitchell, P., & Burack, J. A. (2009) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02049.x · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Shafer, R. L., Newell, K. M., Lewis, M. H., & Bodfish, J. W. (2017) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2017.00019 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Many neurologic and psychiatric disorders that present with stereotypy have known sensorimotor deficits (Takarae et al., 2004; Quednow et al., 2008; Lencer et al., 2010; Morris et al., 2015; Nebel et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2015).”
BackgroundOphthalmologic Manifestations in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Gutiérrez, C., Santoni, J. L. M., Merino, P. S., & de Liaño, P. G. (2022) · Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.4274/tjo.galenos.2021.46588 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Autism spectrum disorder and early motor abnormalities: Connected or coincidental companions?
Setoh, P., Marschik, P. B., Einspieler, C., & Esposito, G. (2016) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2016.11.001 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Model-Based Separation, Detection, and Classification of Eye Movements
Wadehn, F., Weber, T., Mack, D. J., Heldt, T., & Loeliger, H. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2019.2918986 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“The ability to perform SPEM can be affected by various disorders, among which schizophrenia [31] and autism [32].”
BackgroundShafer, R. L., Wang, Z., Bartolotti, J., & Mosconi, M. W. (2021) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-021-09381-2 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Predictive Gaze During Observation of Irrational Actions in Adults with Autism Spectrum Conditions
Marsh, L. E., Pearson, A., Ropar, D., & Hamilton, A. F. D. C. (2014) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2215-6 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“2004) and more variable accuracy of saccadic gaze shifts (Takarae et al. 2004).”
BackgroundCa2+-dependent activator protein for secretion 2 and autistic-like phenotypes
Sadakata, T., & Furuichi, T. (2010) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.neures.2010.03.006 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Oculomotor performance in children with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders
Wilkes, B. J., Carson, T. B., Patel, K., Lewis, M. H., & White, K. D. (2015) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2014.12.022 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Perception et imitation du mouvement dans l'autisme : une question de temps
Lainé, F., Tardif, C., Rauzy, S., & Gepner, B. (2008) · Enfance · doi:10.3917/enf.602.0140 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“…Swettenham, Hanse, Campbell, Jeffries, & Plaisted, 2002), et ceci d’autant plus que les mouvements sont rapides (Gepner & Mestre, 2002a) et/ou complexes (Spencer, et al., 2000 ; Milne et al., 2002 ; Bertone, Mottron, Jelenic, & Faubert, 2003 ; Takarae, Minshew, Luna, Krisky, & Sweeney, 2004).”
Ego, C., Bonhomme, L., de Xivry, J. O., Fonséca, D. D., Lefèvre, P., Masson, G. S., & Deruelle, C. (2016) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.08.021 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“This result is consistent with those of Takarae et al. (2004) and of Kemner et al. (2004) reporting normal saccadic behavior during rectilinear and sinusoidal tracking.”
Amestoy, A., Guillaud, É., Bucchioni, G., Zalla, T., Umbricht, D., Chatham, C. H., Murtagh, L., Houenou, J., Delorme, R., Moal, M. L., et al. (2021) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-021-00474-2 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Impulsivity, less precise saccades and additional compensatory saccades to reach peripheral targets have been reported in participants with ASD [7] suggesting abnormalities in cerebellar circuitry and specifically within structures such as the oculomotor vermis (lobules VI–VII), fastigial nuclei…”
Hayes, T. R., & Henderson, J. M. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0196654 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Finally, people with autism spectrum disorder have been shown to exhibit decreased attention to social stimuli and increased attention to non-social objects [17–19], and deficits in pursuit eye movements [20].”
BackgroundVestibulo‐ocular reflex function in children with high‐functioning autism spectrum disorders
Carson, T. B., Wilkes, B. J., Patel, K., Pineda, J. L., Ko, J. H., Newell, K. M., Bodfish, J. W., Schubert, M. C., Radonovich, K. J., White, K. D., et al. (2016) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1642 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Oculometric Assessment of Sensorimotor Impairment Associated with TBI
Liston, D. B., Wong, L. R., & Stone, L. S. (2016) · Optometry and Vision Science · doi:10.1097/opx.0000000000000918 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Sysoeva, O., Galuta, I. A., Davletshina, M. S., Orekhova, E. V., & Stroganova, T. A. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.00164 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Indeed, the relationship between language abilities and motion perception has been repeatedly demonstrated (Gepner and Mestre, 2002; Takarae et al., 2004, 2008; Samson et al., 2012).”
BackgroundFunctional connectivity in autism spectrum disorder evaluated using rs-fMRI and DKI
Nagai, Y., Kirino, E., Tanaka, S., Usui, C., Inami, R., Inoue, R., Hattori, A., Uchida, W., Kamagata, K., & Aoki, S. (2023) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhad451 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Atypical eye gaze (Ma et al. 2021), delayed orienting (Townsend et al. 1996), impairments in smooth pursuit (Takarae et al. 2004), altered movement perception, and deficits in facial perception (Griffin et al. 2021) demonstrated by individuals with ASD (Johnson et al.2016; Chung and Son 2020) are…”
Informational constraints on spontaneous visuomotor entrainment
Varlet, M., Bucci, C., Richardson, M. J., & Schmidt, R. C. (2015) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/j.humov.2015.03.011 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Visual and Vestibular Induced Eye Movements in Verbal Children and Adults with Autism
FURMAN, J. M. R., Osório, M. J., & Minshew, N. J. (2015) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1481 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Using smooth pursuit calibration for difficult-to-calibrate participants
Blignaut, P. J. (2017) · Journal of Eye Movement Research · doi:10.16910/jemr.10.4.1 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Anticipatory Smooth Eye Movements in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Aitkin, C. D., Santos, E. M., & Kowler, E. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083230 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
EMDR Effects on Pursuit Eye Movements
Kapoula, Z., Yang, Q., Bonnet, A., Bourtoire, P., & Sandretto, J. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010762 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Patients with autism also show low pursuit gain for its initial period of 100 ms, but these deficits were only seen when targets moved from the center into the right visual field”
BackgroundEndophenotype trait domains for advancing gene discovery in autism spectrum disorder
Mosconi, M. W., Stevens, C. J., Unruh, K. E., Shafer, R. L., & Elison, J. T. (2023) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-023-09511-y · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“…of reduced lateralized dominance during open-loop smooth pursuit eye movements in autistic individuals and their first-degree relatives [119, 233] also are consistent with findings of atypical functional lateralization of motor circuits in autistic individuals during rest [135], reduced…”
ResultResting-state Gamma-band EEG Abnormalities in Autism
Shou, G., Mosconi, M. W., Ethridge, L. E., Sweeney, J. A., & Ding, L. (2018) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2018.8512718 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“And in particular, perhaps a lack of brain lateralization/specialization related to motor functions, including handedness [30] and oculomotor control [31] that is also evident in unaffected family members [32].”
BackgroundBakar, N. A., Ibrahim, W. N. W., Zulkiflli, A. R., Hodin, N. A. S., Kim, T., Ling, Y. S., Ajat, M., Shaari, K., Shohaimi, S., Nasruddin, N. S., et al. (2023) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114862 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Huang, X., Ming, Y., Zhao, W., Feng, R., Zhou, Y., Wu, L., Wang, J., Xiao, J., Li, L., Shan, X., et al. (2023) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-023-00573-2 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Specifically, the disruption of the fronto-cerebellar circuit might induce the disturbance of eye movement and motor operation [97, 98], which are characteristics in autistic people, especially in younger autistic children [99–101].”
BackgroundComparison of eye movements in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder
Shiino, T., Miura, K., Fujimoto, M., Kudo, N., Yamamori, H., Yasuda, Y., Ikeda, M., & Hashimoto, R. (2019) · Neuropsychopharmacology Reports · doi:10.1002/npr2.12085 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
- Authors
- Takarae, Y.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Takarae, Y.
- ORCID
- Takarae, Y.
- Venue
- Brain
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2004-11-10
- Volume
- 127
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2584-2594
- ISSN
- 0006-8950 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2156
- OpenAlex
- W2137249178
- Cited by
- 193
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Guarantors of Brain
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH01433, K02MH001433)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS33355)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P01HD035469, HD35469)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, pursuit eye movements, smooth pursuit eye movements, catch-up saccades, oculomotor development, hemifield asymmetry, extraretinal signals, frontostriatal circuits, cerebellar circuits, visual motion processing, high-functioning autism
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aging, Autistic Disorder, Child, Humans, Intelligence, Middle Aged, Motor Skills, Neuropsychological Tests, Pursuit, Smooth, Ocular Motility Disorders
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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