The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Associations of Parental Influences with Physical Activity and Screen Time among Young Children: A Systematic Review
Open accessAbstract
Parents play a critical role in developing and shaping their children's physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours, particularly in the early years of life. The aim of this systematic review is to identify current literature investigating associations of parental influences with both PA and screen time in young children. This systematic review was conducted in November 2013 using 6 electronic databases covering research literature from January 1998 to November 2013. Thirty articles that met inclusion criteria were identified. These studies covered five important aspects of parenting: (1) parenting practices; (2) parents' role modelling; (3) parental perceptions of children's PA and screen viewing behaviours; (4) parental self-efficacy; and (5) general parenting style. Findings suggest that parents' encouragement and support can increase children's PA, and reducing parents' own screen time can lead to decreased child screen time. Improving parenting practices, parental self-efficacy or changing parenting style may also be promising approaches to increasing PA time and decreasing screen time of young children.
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“Moreover, parents should also moderate their own MTSD use, as their use can have an impact on adolescents’ technology use [23, 48].”
From “From the moment I wake up I will use it…every day, very hour”: a qualitative study on the patterns of adolescents’ mobile touch screen device use from adolescent and parent perspectives (2019) · cites this paper as [48]
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In the citing paper
“This is consistent with other studies which have indicated mediation of children’s technology use by parental rules or restrictions [25, 48].”
From “From the moment I wake up I will use it…every day, very hour”: a qualitative study on the patterns of adolescents’ mobile touch screen device use from adolescent and parent perspectives (2019) · cites this paper as [48]
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In the citing paper
“This is supported by other studies which have found that feelings of belonging, peer pressure [47], and frequent use of technology by parents were associated with increased technology use by children [23, 48].”
In the citing paper
“There is some evidence to suggest that when parents reduce their own sedentary behaviours (including screen time), their children may decrease their screen time.105”
From Physical activity and health in Chinese children and adolescents: expert consensus statement (2020) (2020) · cites this paper as [105]
In the citing paper
“All three reviews stated that parental encouragement and support can increase PA in children (58, 59), as well as reduce sedentary behaviour (57).”
From How can physical activity be promoted among children and adolescents? A systematic review of reviews across settings (2019) · cites this paper as [59]
In the citing paper
“another review found that a reduction in parental (sedentary) screen time can lead to decreased screen time in children (59).”
From How can physical activity be promoted among children and adolescents? A systematic review of reviews across settings (2019) · cites this paper as [59]
In the citing paper
“Three systematic reviews were identified that deal specifically with interventions in the family and home setting (Table 3) (57–59).”
From How can physical activity be promoted among children and adolescents? A systematic review of reviews across settings (2019) · cites this paper as [59]
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Citations
Cites
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“These reviews used a social-ecologic framework [14] to summarize the correlates of PA and screen time of young children in five domains: (1) demographic and biological; (2) psychological, cognitive, and emotional; (3) behavioural attributes and skills; (4) social and cultural; and (5) physical environmental.”
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“5) found no such association [38, 43] with another study suggesting a negative effect of TV time rules on screen time [45].”
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1 of the 55 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
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- 2011, Preventing Chronic Disease, 8
- 2008, International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 5
- 2009, International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 21, 457
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Items 401–452 of 452
Smith, C. E., Hnatiuk, J. A., Crawford, S. B., & Hesketh, K. D. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-22833-x
“These parenting strategies can be harmful to the parent/child bond and be associated with poorer family functioning [13, 14].”
Impact of television on children: An umbrella review
Amalakanti, S., Avula, V. C. R., & Jillella, J. P. (2025) · Adesh University Journal of Medical Sciences & Research · doi:10.25259/aujmsr_54_2023
Hansen, K. B., Erwin, H. E., & Beighle, A. E. (2025) · International Journal of Kinesiology in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/24711616.2025.2501528
“Consequently, educating parents of less active children about the academic and developmental benefits of physical activity may be a way to aid their intentions and implementation of more activity measures for their children (Rhodes et al., 2019; Xu et al., 2015).”
Ray, S., Bhutia, E., & Meena, R. K. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.85878 · Cited by 1
“…studies reported a positive association between parents’ TV watching and children’s screen time and parents’ own sedentary lifestyle was also linked to children’s screen time as we could find in our study which is directly attributed to the parental influence on the behavior of an adolescent [29].”
Hernández-Jaña, S., Salinas-Gallardo, G., Cristi‐Montero, C., Huertas‐Delgado, F. J., Campos-Garzón, P., Palma-Leal, X., & Rodríguez‐Rodríguez, F. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6814638/v1
Associations between Parental Social Support and Early Childhood Screen-time in US ChildrenPreprint
Warda, E. R., Tomopoulos, S., Katzow, M. W., Nagpal, N., & Duh‐Leong, C. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6822093/v1
Rodrigues, É. C., Fróis, L. F., Tavares, N. D. F., Camargo, P. P., Mendonça, R. D. D., & Meireles, A. L. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-22773-6 · Cited by 2
Soto‐Ramírez, P., Godoy, F., Narea, M., & Ayala, C. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1589113 · Cited by 3
“Parental support and parents’ screen time reduction significantly increase screen time interventions, reducing sedentary behavior (Xu et al., 2015).”
Physical activity and screen time in preschool children in Croatia
Brumnić, V., Šalaj, S. Š., & Pišot, R. (2025) · Annales Kinesiologiae · doi:10.35469/ak.2025.486
“Setting rules, monitoring time, using screens with the child, having meals without screens and encouraging the child to engage in activities can influence ST (Xu, Wen & Rissel, 2015).”
Kovalenko, A. G., Denford, S., van Beurden, S. B., Cockcroft, E., Coxhead, V., Tomlinson, O. W., Powell, E. A., & Williams, C. A. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-093843
Silva, A. C., Maia, F., Estima, F., Gaya, A. R., Christófaro, D. G. D., Mota, J. A. P. S., Aires, L., & Silva, G. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph22121791
“By encouraging sports participation, promoting regular physical activity, and providing transport to sports activities, parents help to strengthen healthy habits from childhood, forming a solid foundation for long-term CVD prevention [17,18,21–23].”
Rodríguez‐Rodríguez, F., Brennan, C., Aguilar-Farías, N., & Rhodes, R. E. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7800099/v1
López-Obregon, D., Martínez‐Flores, R., Ferrari, G., Jorquera-Aguilera, C., & Rodríguez‐Rodríguez, F. (2025) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/10901981251396549 · Cited by 1
“Moreover, reductions in parents’ own screen time appear to be associated with decreases in their children’s screen time, highlighting the influence of parental behavior on children’s health-related habits (Xu et al., 2015).”
Bektaş, G., Boelsma, F., Wesdorp, C. L., Seidell, J. C., Baur, V. E., & Dijkstra, S. C. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14811038
Bottorff, J. L., Huisken, A., Hopkins, M., & Nesmith, C. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13279695
Middleton, G., Johnson, B. J., Dutch, D. C., Trost, S. G., Byrne, R., Christian, H. E., Henry, A., Terranova, C. O., Williams, K. E., Chai, L. K., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25479092
Bottorff, J. L., Huisken, A., Hopkins, M., & Nesmith, C. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13279686
Middleton, G., Johnson, B. J., Dutch, D. C., Trost, S. G., Byrne, R., Christian, H. E., Henry, A., Terranova, C. O., Williams, K. E., Chai, L. K., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26697443
Downing, K. L., del Pozo Cruz, B., Sanders, T., Zheng, M., Hnatiuk, J. A., Salmon, J., & Hesketh, K. D. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26558108
Padmapriya, N., Fogel, A., Tan, S. Y. X., Goh, C. M. J. L., Tan, S. L., Chia, A., Chu, A. H. Y., Chong, Y. S., Tan, K. H., Chan, S.-Y., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26688731
Bottorff, J. L., Huisken, A., Hopkins, M., & Nesmith, C. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13279689
Norman, Å., Wright, J. A., & Patterson, E. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14251977
Downing, K. L., del Pozo Cruz, B., Sanders, T., Zheng, M., Hnatiuk, J. A., Salmon, J., & Hesketh, K. D. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26558117
Bottorff, J. L., Huisken, A., Hopkins, M., & Nesmith, C. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13279698
Xie, Q.-W., Chen, R., & Zhou, X. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22613750
Downing, K. L., del Pozo Cruz, B., Sanders, T., Zheng, M., Hnatiuk, J. A., Salmon, J., & Hesketh, K. D. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26558114
Middleton, G., Johnson, B. J., Dutch, D. C., Trost, S. G., Byrne, R., Christian, H. E., Henry, A., Terranova, C. O., Williams, K. E., Chai, L. K., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25478724
Bottorff, J. L., Huisken, A., Hopkins, M., & Nesmith, C. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13279692
Padmapriya, N., Fogel, A., Tan, S. Y. X., Goh, C. M. J. L., Tan, S. L., Chia, A., Chu, A. H. Y., Chong, Y. S., Tan, K. H., Chan, S.-Y., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25341427
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Downing, K. L., del Pozo Cruz, B., Sanders, T., Zheng, M., Hnatiuk, J. A., Salmon, J., & Hesketh, K. D. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26558111
Luca, F. L. D., Neri, P. R., Ribeiro, A. P., & Coelho, J. (2025) · Journal of Medical Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research · doi:10.51847/qqw8bgtbal
Sadia, F., Frank-Wilson, A. W., Patel, N. B., Bélanger, M. F., BRUSSONI, M. J., Faulkner, G., Gunnell, K. E., Tremblay, M. S., & Larouche, R. (2026) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2025-0213
Holesovsky, C. D., Groves, C. I., Yin, Z., Akopian, D., Liang, Y., Parra-Medina, D. M., & Brown, D. M. Y. (2026) · Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1177/07399863261427987
“…involvement in physical activity, comprising well over a hundred observational studies (Hutchens & Lee, 2018; Rhodes, Perdew, & Malli, 2020; Xu et al., 2015; Yao & Rhodes, 2015), consistently demonstrates that parental support is a reliable medium-sized correlate of children’s physical…”
Cai, Z., Wang, T. T., Jiang, K., Sharma, M., & Zhao, Y. (2026) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-026-04258-z
“…in the high-score group for total parenting practices (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.63–0.79) and physical activity-related practices (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.78–0.97), but higher odds of being in the high-score group for non-responsive feeding practices al., 2024; Romanos-Nanclares et al., 2018; Xu et al., 2015).”
InfluentialSingh, S. N., Bairwa, M., Haldar, P., & Nongkynrih, B. (2026) · The Indian Journal of Medical Research · doi:10.25259/ijmr_2161_2025
Early Childhood Environmental Drivers of Cardiovascular Health
Aguayo, L., & Perak, A. M. (2026) · Contemporary cardiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-14256-6_4
Küçükkelepçe, A., & Demircioğlu, H. (2026) · KIRŞEHİR EĞİTİM FAKÜLTESİ DERGİSİ · doi:10.29299/kefad.1718736
Ούρδα, Δ., Karatzioti, M., Koutsokosta, M., Gregoriadis, A., & Barkoukis, V. (2026) · Children · doi:10.3390/children13060763
“These dimensions reflect the behavioral modeling component (i.e., parents’ own physical activity behavior) that has been identified as a mechanism through which parents may influence children’s physical activity behaviors (e.g., [22,26] Trost & Loprinzi, 2011; Xu et al., 2015).”
Canfield, C. F., Finegood, E. D., Chen, Y., Lalwani, P., Sadler, R. C., O’Connell, L. K., Gutiérrez, J., Milton, A., Loney, K., & Mendelsohn, A. L. (2026) · Child Development · doi:10.1093/chidev/aacag109
Alonso-Martínez, L., Ramírez‐Vélez, R., Duncan, M. J., Izquierdo, M., & Alonso-Martínez, A. M. (2026) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2026.200494
Rodrigues, S. B., Rodrigues, R. B., Saboga-Nunes, L. Â., Barros, L., & Salanterä, S. (2026) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/cch.70316
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Cortés, I. V., Valdivia, K. E., Quijada-Mateluna, N., Rivas-Valenzuela, J., Jorquera-Aguilera, C., & Rodríguez‐Rodríguez, F. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16091476
“In Chile, factors such as financial support and transport logistics can be decisive (Xu et al., 2015).”
The relationship between parental feeding practices and children’s health-related quality of life
Juton, C., Torres, S., Valdés-Querol, G., Rajmil, L., Fitó, M., Gómez, S. F., & Schröder, H. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1858474
Bay, T., & Ergün, A. (2026) · Children s Health Care · doi:10.1080/02739615.2026.2729642
Rai, M. K., Rathoria, E., Srivastava, M., Bansal, U., Sattar, A., & Rathoria, R. (2026) · International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics · doi:10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20263313
Predictors of Internet Gaming Disorder in Cultural Contexts: Turkish Families in the UK and Türkiye
Morgül, E. (2026) · Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.18037/ausbd.1735003
Fathers and Children Developing Together
MARSIGLIO, W., & Scheibling, C. (2026) · doi:10.1002/9781394366156.ch7
Collective movement: reimagining children's physical literacy through shared responsibility
Houser, N. E., Humbert, M. L., Ferguson, L. J., Hellsten, L. M., Stoddart, A. L., & Erlandson, M. C. (2026) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2026.1922306
Li, H., Zhao, W., Hu, X., Wan, F., Dong, P., & Zhang, W. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1880097
“Among preschool children specifically, Xu et al. (13) demonstrated that parental physical activity levels, encouragement, and facilitation were each independently associated with young children’s activity and sedentary behaviors.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Xu, H., Wen, L. M., & Rissel, C.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Tongji University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Xu, Huilan
- Venue
- Journal of Obesity
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015
- Volume
- 2015
- Pages
- 1-23
- ISSN
- 2090-0708 (ISSN-L)
- 2090-0716
- PMC
- PMC4383435
- OpenAlex
- W2014373317
- Cited by
- 454
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 2.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Obesity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- parental influence, physical activity, screen time, sedentary behavior, young children, parenting practices, parental role modeling, parental self-efficacy, parenting styles
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Child, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Television, Time Factors, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Parenting, Video Games, Sedentary Behavior, Pediatric Obesity
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