Critical Role of Zinc as Either an Antioxidant or a Prooxidant in Cellular Systems
Open accessAbstract
Zinc is recognized as an essential trace metal required for human health; its deficiency is strongly associated with neuronal and immune system defects. Although zinc is a redox‐inert metal, it functions as an antioxidant through the catalytic action of copper/zinc‐superoxide dismutase, stabilization of membrane structure, protection of the protein sulfhydryl groups, and upregulation of the expression of metallothionein, which possesses a metal‐binding capacity and also exhibits antioxidant functions. In addition, zinc suppresses anti‐inflammatory responses that would otherwise augment oxidative stress. The actions of zinc are not straightforward owing to its numerous roles in biological systems. It has been shown that zinc deficiency and zinc excess cause cellular oxidative stress. To gain insights into the dual action of zinc, as either an antioxidant or a prooxidant, and the conditions under which each role is performed, the oxidative stresses that occur in zinc deficiency and zinc overload in conjunction with the intracellular regulation of free zinc are summarized. Additionally, the regulatory role of zinc in mitochondrial homeostasis and its impact on oxidative stress are briefly addressed.
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Zinc deficiency causes destabilization of membrane structure and increases oxidative stress.
“In this respect, evidence showed that Zn deficiency causes destabilization of membrane structure and augments OS [424,425,426,427,428].”
From The Role of Antioxidants in the Interplay between Oxidative Stress and Senescence (2022) · cites this paper as [425]
Zinc suppresses anti-inflammatory responses that would otherwise promote oxidative stress.
“In addition, Zn suppresses anti-inflammatory responses that would otherwise promote OS [425].”
From The Role of Antioxidants in the Interplay between Oxidative Stress and Senescence (2022) · cites this paper as [425]
Given the dose-dependent effect of zinc as both a pro- and anti-oxidant, its presence in the normal range is essential for regulating levels of reactive oxygen species.
“Given the dose-dependent effect of zinc, both as a pro- and anti-oxidant, its presence in the normal range is essential for regulating the levels of reactive oxygen species (112).”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [112]
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Aiello, A., Farzaneh, F., Candore, G., Caruso, C., Davinelli, S., Gambino, C. M., Ligotti, M. E., Zareian, N., & Accardi, G. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02247 · Cited by 693 · see citing works
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Structural basis and regulation of the reductive stress response
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The Role of Antioxidants in the Interplay between Oxidative Stress and Senescence
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Zinc homeostasis and redox alterations in obesity
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Rahmani, A., Maleki, A., Jafari, R., Rezaeejam, H., & Nadri, S. (2025) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/d5tb00789e · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lee, S. R.
- Affiliations
- Inje University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Sung Ryul
- ORCID
- Lee, Sung Ryul
- Venue
- Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-01
- Volume
- 2018
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 9156285-9156285
- ISSN
- 1942-0994 (ISSN-L)
- 1942-0900
- PMC
- PMC5884210
- OpenAlex
- W2793498768
- Cited by
- 458
- References
- 137
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 76 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 72 · 2022: 72 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 4.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2015R1D1A3A 01015596)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Keywords
- zinc, antioxidant activity, pro-oxidant activity, oxidative stress, zinc deficiency, zinc overload, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, metallothionein, sulfhydryl groups, anti-inflammatory response, mitochondrial homeostasis, trace metals
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antioxidants, Chelating Agents, Homeostasis, Humans, Inflammation, Mitochondria, Neurons, Oxidation-Reduction, Zinc, Oxidative Stress
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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