Stress, Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis and Eating Disorders
Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of eating disorders (ED) is complex and poorly understood. Biological, psychological and environmental factors have all been considered to be involved in the onset and the persistence of these syndromes, often with conflicting results. The recent literature focused on the possible role of hormonal pathways, in particular the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, as a relevant factor capable of influencing the onset and the course of ED. Other studies have suggested that the onset of ED is often preceded by severe life events, and that chronic stress is associated with the persistence of these disorders. As the biological response to stress is the activation of the HPA axis, the available literature considering the relationships between stress, HPA axis functioning and anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder is reviewed by the present article.
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Many psychiatric disorders, including ED, PTSD, and anxiety disorders, are characterised by dysregulation of the HPA axis.
“Since many psychiatric disorders, including ED, PTSD, and anxiety disorders, are characterised by dysregulation of the HPA axis (Connan et al., 2007;Ehlert et al., 2001;Lo Sauro et al., 2008), there has been increasing interest in further exploration of the potential anti-stress and anxiolytic effects of intranasal oxytocin in psychiatric disorders characterised by elevated threat sensitivity.”
From Meta-analytic review of the effects of a single dose of intranasal oxytocin on threat processing in humans (2018) · cites this paper as Lo Sauro et al., 2008
The effects of gut bacteria on behavior are primarily mediated by their actions on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which is fundamental to the etiology and progression of eating disorders.
“The effects of gut bacteria on behavior are primarily mediated by their actions on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, a major neuroendocrine system that regulates the response to both psychological and physical stressors and is fundamental to the etiology and progression of eating disorders [55].”
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- Authors
- Lo Sauro, C., Ravaldi, C., Cabras, P. L., Faravelli, C., & Ricca, V.
- Affiliations
- University of Florence (IT)
- Venue
- Neuropsychobiology
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2008
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 95-115
- ISSN
- 0302-282X (ISSN-L)
- 1423-0224
- OpenAlex
- W1966745469
- Cited by
- 215
- References
- 172
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 2.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuropsychobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- eating disorders, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, chronic stress, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, hormone signaling pathways, life events, etiopathogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Chronic Disease, Female, Hormones, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Stress, Psychological
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