The Increased Risk for Autoimmune Diseases in Patients with Eating Disorders
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Research suggests autoimmune processes to be involved in psychiatric disorders. We aimed to address the prevalence and incidence of autoimmune diseases in a large Finnish patient cohort with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. METHODS: Patients (N = 2342) treated at the Eating Disorder Unit of Helsinki University Central Hospital between 1995 and 2010 were compared with general population controls (N = 9368) matched for age, sex, and place of residence. Data of 30 autoimmune diseases from the Hospital Discharge Register from 1969 to 2010 were analyzed using conditional and Poisson regression models. RESULTS: Of patients, 8.9% vs. 5.4% of control individuals had been diagnosed with one or more autoimmune disease (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.5-2.0, P<0.001). The increase in endocrinological diseases (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.8-3.2, P<0.001) was explained by type 1 diabetes, whereas Crohn's disease contributed most to the risk of gastroenterological diseases (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4-2.5, P<0.001). Higher prevalence of autoimmune diseases among patients with eating disorders was not exclusively due to endocrinological and gastroenterological diseases; when the two categories were excluded, the increase in prevalence was seen in the patients both before the onset of the eating disorder treatment (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.1, P = 0.02) and at the end of the follow-up (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.8, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: We observed an association between eating disorders and several autoimmune diseases with different genetic backgrounds. Our findings support the link between immune-mediated mechanisms and development of eating disorders. Future studies are needed to further explore the risk of autoimmune diseases and immunological mechanisms in individuals with eating disorders and their family members.
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Patients with eating disorders have been shown to have a greater risk of developing autoimmune diseases or conditions with an auto-inflammatory etiology.
“Patients with eating disorders have been shown to have a greater risk of developing autoimmune diseases or conditions with an auto-inflammatory etiology [88].”
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- Authors
- Raevuori, A., Haukka, J., Vaarala, O., Suvisaari, J. M., Gissler, M., Grainger, M., Linna, M. S., & Suokas, J. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (FI)
- Tampere University (FI)
- Helsinki University Hospital (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Raevuori, Anu
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2014-08-22
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e104845
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4141740
- OpenAlex
- W2123349506
- Cited by
- 137
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 9.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University) (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja (submittedVersion)
- Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University) (submittedVersion)
- STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- AstraZeneca
- Medical Research Council (MR/K006525/1)
- Cilag
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Keywords
- autoimmune disease, eating disorders, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, type 1 diabetes, Crohn's disease, gastroenterological diseases, immune-mediated mechanisms, prevalence
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Autoimmune Diseases, Female, Finland, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk, Incidence, Prevalence, Case-Control Studies, Young Adult
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