Influence of commensal microbiota on the enteric nervous system and its role in neurodegenerative diseases
Open accessAbstract
When thinking about neurodegenerative diseases, the first symptoms that come to mind are loss of memory and learning capabilities, which all resemble hallmarks of manifestation of such diseases in the central nervous system (CNS). However, the gut comprises the largest nervous system outside the CNS that is autonomously active and in close interplay with its microbiota. Therefore, the enteric nervous system (ENS) might serve as an indicator of degenerative pathomechanisms that also affect the CNS. On the other hand, it might offer an entry point for devastating influences from the microbial community or - conversely - for therapeutic approaches via gut commensals. Within the last years, the ENS and gut microbiota therefore have sparked the interest of researchers of CNS diseases and we here report on recent findings and open questions, especially with regard to Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases.
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The enteric nervous system is made up of different neural networks in the intestinal wall, where individual small ganglia are connected by dense bundles of fibres.
“Unlike the CNS, the enteric nervous system is made up of different neural networks in the intestinal wall, where individual small ganglia are connected by dense bundles of fibres.70”
From The role of gut dysbiosis in Parkinson’s disease: mechanistic insights and therapeutic options (2021) · cites this paper as [70]
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Self-citationSeguella, L., Capuano, R., Sarnelli, G., & Esposito, G. (2019) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1080/17512433.2019.1612744 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
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van Vuuren, M. J., Nell, T. A., Carr, J. A., Kell, D. B., & Pretorius, E. (2020) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom11010030 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
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Peterson, C. T., Sharma, V., Iablokov, S. N., Albayrak, L., Khanipov, K., Uchitel, S., Chopra, D., Mills, P. J., Fofanov, Y., Rodionov, D. A., et al. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0213869 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
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Identification of Patulin from Penicillium coprobium as a Toxin for Enteric Neurons
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Даниленко, В. Н., Stavrovskaya, A. V., Voronkov, D. N., Gushchina, A. S., Марсова, М. В., Yamshchikova, N. G., Olshansky, А. S., Ivanov, M. V., & Illarioshkin, S. N. (2020) · Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology · doi:10.25692/acen.2020.1.7 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
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Gut microbiota and parkinson's disease
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The Microbiota: A Microbial Ecosystem Built on Mutualism Prevails
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Functional and molecular early enteric biomarkers for Parkinson’s disease in mice and menPreprint
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Self-citationStavrovskaya, A. V., Даниленко, В. Н., Воронков, Д. Н., Гущина, А. С., Марсова, М. В., Olshansky, A. S., Yamshikova, N. G., & Illarioshkin, S. N. (2021) · Human Physiology · doi:10.1134/s0362119721080120 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Herwald, H., & Egesten, A. (2019) · Journal of Innate Immunity · doi:10.1159/000498950
The impact of the gut microbiome in Alzheimer's disease
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Microbiota: ¿Sabemos de qué estamos hablando?
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Role of Human Microbiome in Cardiovascular Disease: Therapeutic Potential and Challenges
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Role of microbiota gut–brain axis in Parkinson's disease
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The Gut in Early Life—Postnatal Challenges
Benninga, M. A., Schãfer, K.-H., Piloquet, H., & Stanton, C. (2026) · Children · doi:10.3390/children13040480
Self-citationGries, M., Schäfer, K., & Endres, K. (2026) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1080/14728222.2026.2748747
Self-citation
- Authors
- Endres, K., & Schäfer, K.-H.
- Affiliations
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
- University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern (DE)
- Venue
- Journal of Innate Immunity
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2018
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 172-180
- ISSN
- 1662-811X (ISSN-L)
- 1662-8128
- PMC
- PMC6757170
- OpenAlex
- W2801921383
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 0.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Innate Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- enteric nervous system, gut microbiota, commensal microorganisms, neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, gut-brain axis, therapeutic target
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Humans, Parkinson Disease, Enteric Nervous System, Neuroprotective Agents, Neurodegenerative Diseases
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