Beneficial Cardiovascular Pleiotropic Effects of Statins
Abstract
Pleiotropic effects of a drug are actions other than those for which the agent was specifically developed. These effects may be related or unrelated to the primary mechanism of action of the drug, and they are usually unanticipated. Pleiotropic effects may be undesirable (such as side effects or toxicity), neutral, or, as is especially the case with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), beneficial. Pleiotropic effects of statins include improvement of endothelial dysfunction, increased nitric oxide bioavailability, antioxidant properties, inhibition of inflammatory responses, and stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. These and several other emergent properties could act in concert with the potent low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering effects of statins to exert early as well as lasting cardiovascular protective effects. Understanding the pleiotropic effects of statins is important to optimize their use in treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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In vitro and in vivo studies showed that statins exert beneficial cardioprotective pleiotropic effects.
“Beyond the modification of blood lipid levels, in vitro and in vivo studies showed that statins exert beneficial cardioprotective pleiotropic effects [35, 36].”
From Established and Emerging Lipid-Lowering Drugs for Primary and Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention (2023) · cites this paper as [35]
Soy's cholesterol-lowering effect is generally attributed to isoflavones and phytoestrogens, whose content falls with increasing soybean processing.
“The cholesterol-lowering effect of soy is generally attributed to its isoflavone and phytoestrogen content, which decreases progressively with the increasing degree of soybean processing.”
From 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk (2019) · cites this paper as [188]
Soy protein has been suggested to modestly lower LDL-C when replacing animal protein, but this was not confirmed after accounting for changes in other dietary components.
“Soy protein has also been indicated as being able to induce a modest LDL-C-lowering effect when replacing animal protein foods. However, this was not confirmed when changes in other dietary components were taken into account [187,188].”
From 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk (2019) · cites this paper as [188]
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- Authors
- Davignon, J.
- Affiliations
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Davignon, Jean
- ORCID
- Davignon, Jean
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2004-06-15
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 23_suppl_1
- Pages
- III39-43
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2130760108
- Cited by
- 955
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 50 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 56 · 2013: 62 · 2012: 51
- FWCI
- 39.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Circulation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Keywords
- statins, pleiotropy, cardioprotection, endothelial dysfunction, nitric oxide bioavailability, antioxidant activity, inflammation, atherosclerotic plaque stabilization, LDL cholesterol lowering, cardiovascular disease prevention
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Anticholesteremic Agents, Antioxidants, Arteriosclerosis, C-Reactive Protein, Cardiotonic Agents, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cell Adhesion, Endothelium, Vascular, Female, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia, Male, Middle Aged, Nitric Oxide, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Rats, Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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