Abdominal Obesity and Risk of Ischemic Stroke: The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study

Suk, Seung-Han; Sacco, Ralph L.; Boden-Albala, Bernadette; Cheun, Jian F.; Pittman, John G.; Elkind, Mitchell S.; Paik, Myunghee C.

doi:10.1161/01.str.0000075294.98582.2f

Cited by 420Acute Ischemic Stroke ManagementDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsObesity, Physical Activity, Diet

Abdominal Obesity and Risk of Ischemic Stroke: The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study

Suk, Seung-Han, Sacco, Ralph L., Boden-Albala, Bernadette, Cheun, Jian F., Pittman, John G., Elkind, Mitchell S., Paik, Myunghee C.·2003·Stroke

DOI 10.1161/01.str.0000075294.98582.2f

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background and Purpose— Obesity is well recognized as a risk factor for coronary heart disease and mortality. The relationship between abdominal obesity and ischemic stroke remains less clear. Our aim was to evaluate abdominal obesity as an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke in a multiethnic community. Methods— A population-based, incident case-control study was conducted July 1993 through June 1997 in northern Manhattan, New York, NY. Cases (n=576) of first ischemic stroke (66% ≥65 years of age; 56% women; 17% whites; 26% blacks; 55% Hispanics) were enrolled and matched by age, sex, and race-ethnicity to stroke-free community controls (n=1142). All subjects were interviewed and examined and had measurements of waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Odds ratios (ORs) of ischemic stroke were calculated with gender-specific quartiles (GQs) and gender-specific medians of WHR adjusted for stroke risk factors and body mass index (BMI). Results— Compared with the first quartile, the third and fourth quartiles of WHR had an increased risk of stroke (GQ3: OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.5 to 3.9; GQ4: OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.8 to 4.8) adjusted for other risk factors and BMI. Those with WHR equal to or greater than the median had an overall OR of 3.0 (95% CI, 2.1 to 4.2) for ischemic stroke even after adjustment for other risk factors and BMI. Increased WHR was associated with a greater risk of stroke in men and women and in all race-ethnic groups. The effect of WHR was stronger among younger persons (test for heterogeneity, P <0.0002) (<65 years of age: OR, 4.4; 95%CI, 2.2 to 9.0; ≥65 years of age: OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4 to 3.2). WHR was associated with an increased risk among those with and without large-artery atherosclerotic stroke. Conclusions— Abdominal obesity is an independent, potent risk factor for ischemic stroke in all race-ethnic groups. It is a stronger risk factor than BMI and has a greater effect among younger persons. Prevention of obesity and weight reduction need greater emphasis in stroke prevention programs.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1161/01.str.0000075294.98582.2f

Cites

49 of 49 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The pattern of obesity may influence stroke risk.
“The pattern of obesity also may influence stroke risk.”
From Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes: A Common Agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association (2004) · cites this paper as [64]
Several studies highlight the relationship between obesity and risk of stroke.
“Several studies highlight the relationship between obesity and risk of stroke.”
From Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes: A Common Agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association (2004) · cites this paper as [64]
Individuals with a waist-to-hip ratio equal to or greater than the median had an overall odds ratio (OR) of 3.0 (95% CI, 2.1 to 4.2) for ischemic stroke even after adjustment for other risk factors and BMI.
“Individuals with a waist-to-hip ratio equal to or greater than the median had an overall odds ratio (OR) of 3.0 (95% CI, 2.1 to 4.2) for ischemic stroke even after adjustment for other risk factors and BMI.”
From Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes: A Common Agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association (2004) · cites this paper as [64]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The Disease Burden Associated With Overweight and Obesity
Must, A. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.282.16.1523 · Cited by 4,804 · see citing works
Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults--The Evidence Report. National Institutes of Health.
(1998) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1037/e565682010-001 · Cited by 4,339 · see citing works
Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a 26-year follow-up of participants in the Framingham Heart Study.
Hubert, H. B., Feinleib, M., McNamara, P. M., & Castelli, W. P. (1983) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.67.5.968 · Cited by 4,241 · see citing works
Body-Mass Index and Mortality in a Prospective Cohort of U.S. Adults
Calle, E. E., Thun, M. J., Petrelli, J. M., Rodriguez, C., & Heath, C. W. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199910073411501 · Cited by 3,643 · see citing works
Overweight and obesity in the United States: prevalence and trends, 1960–1994
Flegal, K., Carroll, M., Kuczmarski, R., & Johnson, C. (1998) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800541 · Cited by 3,045 · see citing works
The Spread of the Obesity Epidemic in the United States, 1991-1998
Mokdad, A. H. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.282.16.1519 · Cited by 2,293 · see citing works
Abdominal adipose tissue distribution, obesity, and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: 13 year follow up of participants in the study of men born in 1913.
Larsson, B., Svärdsudd, K., Welin, L., Wilhelmsen, L., Björntorp, P. A., & Tibblin, G. (1984) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.288.6428.1401 · Cited by 1,931 · see citing works
Distribution of adipose tissue and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: a 12 year follow up of participants in the population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden.
Lapidus, L., Bengtsson, C., Larsson, B., Pennert, K. M., Rybo, E., & Sjöström, L. (1984) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.289.6454.1257 · Cited by 1,657 · see citing works
The Degree of Masculine Differentiation of Obesities
Vague, J. (1956) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/4.1.20 · Cited by 1,417 · see citing works
The spread of the obesity epidemic in the United States
Mokdad, A. H., Serdula, M. K., & Dietz, W. H. (1999) · Cited by 985 · see citing works
Treatment of obesity: need to focus on high risk abdominally obese patients
Despres, J., Lemieux, I., & Prud'homme, D. (2001) · British medical journal · doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7288.716 · Cited by 934 · see citing works
Weight, Weight Change, and Coronary Heart Disease in Women: Risk Within the 'Normal' Weight Range
Willett, W. C. (1995) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03520300035033 · Cited by 924 · see citing works
Primary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke
Goldstein, L. B., Adams, R. J., Becker, K. J., Furberg, C. D., Gorelick, P. B., Hádemenos, G. J., Hill, M., Howard, G., Howard, V. J., Jacobs, B. S., et al. (2001) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.32.1.280 · Cited by 897 · see citing works
Self-citation
Body Size and Fat Distribution as Predictors of Coronary Heart Disease among Middle-aged and Older US Men
Rimm, E. B., Stampfer, M. J., Giovannucci, E. L., Ascherio, A., Spiegelman, D. L., Colditz, G. A., & Willett, W. C. (1995) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117385 · Cited by 840 · see citing works
Stroke Incidence among White, Black, and Hispanic Residents of an Urban Community: The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study
Collaborators, N. M. S. S., Sacco, R. L., Boden-Albala, B. M., Gan, R., Chen, X., Kargman, D. E., Shea, S., Paik, M. C., & Hauser, W. A. (1998) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009445 · Cited by 722 · see citing works
Self-citation
A Prospective Study of Body Mass Index, Weight Change, and Risk of Stroke in Women
Rexrode, K. M. (1997) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03540430051032 · Cited by 617 · see citing works
The practical guide to the identification, evaluation and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults
Goodwin, S. (2002) · Clinical Nurse Specialist · doi:10.1097/00002800-200205000-00016 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
Platelet Activation in Obese Women
Davı̀, G., Guagnano, M. T., Ciabattoni, G., Basili, S., Falco, A., Marinopiccoli, M., Nutini, M., Sensi, S., & Patrono, C. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.16.2008 · Cited by 542 · see citing works
The Protective Effect of Moderate Alcohol Consumption on Ischemic Stroke
Sacco, R. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.281.1.53 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Self-citation
Association of Body Fat Distribution and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents
Daniels, S. R., Morrison, J. A., Sprecher, D. L., Khoury, P. R., & Kimball, T. R. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.99.4.541 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
Body Weight and Mortality
Lee, I.-M. M. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1993.03510230061036 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Race-Ethnic Disparities in the Impact of Stroke Risk Factors
Sacco, R. L., Boden-Albala, B. M., Abel, G. A., Lin, I., Elkind, M. S. V., Hauser, W. A., Paik, M. C., & Shea, S. (2001) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.32.8.1725 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Self-citation
Health Implications of Obesity: An NIH Consensus Development Conference
Burton, B. T., & Foster, W. R. (1985) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(21)03768-8 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
EVIDENCE FOR AN INCREASED RISK FOR HYPERTENSION WITH CENTRALLY LOCATED BODY FAT AND THE EFFECT OF RACE AND SEX ON THIS RISK
Blair, D., Habicht, J., Sims, E. A. H., Sylwester, D. L., & Abraham, S. (1984) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113770 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Body Size and Fat Distribution as Predictors of Stroke among US Men
Walker, S. P., Rimm, E. B., Ascherio, A., Kawachi, I. I., Stampfer, M. J., & Willett, W. C. (1996) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008892 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Body Weight and Mortality
Kushner, R. F. (2009) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.1993.tb03089.x · Cited by 285 · see citing works
The effect of increasing physical activity on voluntary food intake and energy balance.
Woo, R. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Body fat distribution predicts the degree of endothelial dysfunction in uncomplicated obesity
Arcaro, G., Zamboni, M. M., Rossi, L., Turcato, E., Covi, G., Armellini, F., Bosello, O., & Lechi, A. (1999) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801022 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Waist and hip circumferences, and waist-hip ratio in 19 populations of the WHO MONICA Project
Molarius, A., Seidell, J. C., Sans, S., Tuomilehto, J., & Kuulasmaa, K. (1999) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800772 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Incidence of hypertension and stroke in relation to body fat distribution and other risk factors in older women.
Folsom, A. R., Prineas, R. J., Kaye, S. A., & Munger, R. G. (1990) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.21.5.701 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
The association of body fat distribution with hypertension, hypertensive heart disease, coronary heart disease, diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors in men and women aged 18–79 years
Gillum, R. F. (1987) · Journal of Chronic Diseases · doi:10.1016/0021-9681(87)90175-5 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Testing the validity of the lacunar hypothesis
Gan, R., Sacco, R. L., Kargman, D. E., Roberts, J. K., Boden-Albala, B. M., & Gu, Q. (1997) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.48.5.1204 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Self-citation
Central adiposity and increased risk of coronary artery disease mortality in older women
Prineas, R. J., Folsom, A. R., & Kaye, S. A. (1993) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/1047-2797(93)90007-q · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Race-ethnicity and determinants of carotid atherosclerosis in a multiethnic population. The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study.
Sacco, R., Roberts, J., Boden-Albala, B., Gu, Q., Lin, I., Kargman, D. E., Berglund, L., Hauser, W. A., Shea, S., & Paik, M. (1997) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.28.5.929 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Self-citation
Ethnic differences in stroke mortality between non-Hispanic whites, Hispanic whites, and blacks. The National Longitudinal Mortality Study.
Howard, G., Anderson, R. N., Sorlie, P. D., Andrews, V., Backlund, E., & Burke, G. L. (1994) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.25.11.2120 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
RELATION OF BODY FATNESS AND ITS DISTRIBUTION TO CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN YOUNG BLACKS AND WHITES
Folsom, A. R., Burke, G. L., Ballew, C., Jacobs, D. R., Haskell, W. L., Donahue, R. P., Liu, K., & Hilner, J. E. (1989) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115424 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Obesity, mortality and cardiovascular disease in the Münster Heart Study (PROCAM)
Schulte, H. (1999) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(99)00055-6 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Black-white differences in stroke incidence in a national sample. The contribution of hypertension and diabetes mellitus
Kittner, S. J. (1990) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.264.10.1267 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Lifestyle factors and risk of cerebrovascular disease in women. The Copenhagen City Heart Study.
Lindenstrøm, E., Boysen, G., & Nyboe, J. (1993) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.24.10.1468 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Obesity and Coronary Heart Disease
Alexander, J. K. (2001) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/00000441-200104000-00002 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Body mass index and thromboembolic stroke in nonsmoking men in older middle age. The Honolulu Heart Program.
Abbott, R. D., Behrens, G. R., Sharp, D. S., Rodríguez, B. L., Burchfiel, C. M., Ross, G. W., Yano, K., & Curb, J. D. (1994) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.25.12.2370 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Body Mass and 26-Year Risk of Mortality from Specific Diseases among Women Who Never Smoked
Singh, P. N., & Lindsted, K. D. (1998) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-199805000-00007 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Black-White Differences in Stroke Incidence in a National Sample
Kittner, S. J. (1990) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1990.03450100057025 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Effects of traditional coronary risk factors on rates of incident coronary events in a low-risk population. The Adventist Health Study.
Fraser, G. E., Strahan, T., Sabaté, J., Beeson, W. L., & Kissinger, D. G. (1992) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.86.2.406 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Body Mass and 26-Year Risk of Mortality among Women Who Never Smoked: Findings from the Adventist Mortality Study
Lindsted, K. D., & Singh, P. N. (1997) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009185 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Italian Consensus Conference--overweight, obesity and health.
Crepaldi, G., Belfiore, F., Bosello, O., Caviezel, F., Contaldo, F., Enzi, G., & Melchionda, N. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking, and mortality
Chyou, P., Burchfiel, C. M., Yano, K., Sharp, D. S., Rodríguez, B. L., Curb, J. D., & Nomura, A. M. Y. (1997) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(97)00019-7 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
The Influence of Cigarette Smoking on the Association between Body Weight and Mortality. The Framingham Heart Study Revisited
Sempos, C. T., Durazo-Arvizú, R., McGee, D., Cooper, R., Prewitt, T. E., & Rd (1998) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(97)00233-0 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Hyperviscosity and microproteinuria in central obesity: relevance to cardiovascular risk
Sb, S., Fioravanti, M., Pezza, N., Locatelli, M., Schifino, N., Cerutti, N., Severgnini, S., Rondanelli, M., & Ferrari, E. (1997) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800421 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 4

Fraser GE, Strahan TM, Sabate J, Beeson WL, Kissinger D. Effects of traditional coronary risk factors on rates of incident coronary events in low-risk population. Circulation. 1992;86:406 -413.
Willett WC, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Speizer FE, Hennekens CH. Weight, weight change, and coronary heart disease in women. JAMA. 1995;273:461-465.
Sacco RL, Roberts JK, Boden-Albala, Gu Q, Lin I-F, kargman DE, Berglund L, Hauser WA, Shea S, Paik MC. Race-ethnicity and deter- minants of carotid atherosclerosis in a multi-ethnic population. Stroke. 1997;28:929 -935.
Howard G, Anderson R, Sorlie P, Andrew V, Backlund E, Burke GL. Ethnic differences in stroke mortality between non-Hispanic whites, Hispanic whites, and blacks. Stroke. 1994;25:2120 -2125.

Sorted by citations

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2012 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Writing Group Members, Roger, V. L., Go, A. S., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Benjamin, E. J., Berry, J. D., Borden, W. B., Bravata, D. M., Dai, S., Ford, E. S., et al. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e31823ac046 · Cited by 7,333 · see citing works
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2011 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Roger, V. L., Go, A. S., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Adams, R. J., Berry, J. D., Brown, T. M., Carnethon, M. R., Dai, S., de Simone, G., Ford, E. S., et al. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e3182009701 · Cited by 6,149 · see citing works
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2010 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
WRITING GROUP MEMBERS, Lloyd-Jones, D., Adams, R. J., Brown, T. M., Carnethon, M., Dai, S., De Simone, G., Ferguson, T. B., Ford, E., Furie, K., et al. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.109.192667 · Cited by 5,700 · see citing works
Self-citation
Guidelines for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
Kernan, W. N., Ovbiagele, B., Black, H. R., Bravata, D. M., Chimowitz, M. I., Ezekowitz, M. D., Fang, M. C., Fisher, M., Furie, K. L., Heck, D. V., et al. (2014) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0000000000000024 · Cited by 5,170 · see citing works
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2009 Update
WRITING GROUP MEMBERS, Lloyd‐Jones, D. M., Adams, R. J., Carnethon, M. R., SIMONE, G. D., Ferguson, T. B., Flegal, K. M., Ford, E. S., Furie, K. L., Go, A. S., et al. (2009) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.191259 · Cited by 3,891 · see citing works
Self-citation
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2008 Update
Writing Group Members, Rosamond, W. D., Flegal, K. M., Furie, K. L., Go, A. S., Greenlund, K. J., Haase, N., Hailpern, S. M., Ho, M., Howard, V. J., et al. (2007) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.187998 · Cited by 3,745 · see citing works
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2006 Update
Writing Group Members, Thom, T., Haase, N., Rosamond, W. D., Howard, V. J., Rumsfeld, J. S., Manolio, T. A., Zheng, Z., Flegal, K. M., O’Donnell, C. J., et al. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.105.171600 · Cited by 3,453 · see citing works
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2007 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee
Rosamond, W., Flegal, K., Friday, G., Furie, K., Go, A., Greenlund, K., Haase, N., Ho, M., Howard, V., Kissela, B., et al. (2007) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.179918 · Cited by 3,277 · see citing works
2021 guideline for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
Kleindorfer, D. O., Towfighi, A., Chaturvedi, S., Cockroft, K. M., Gutierrez, J., Lombardi-Hill, D., Kamel, H., Kernan, W. N., Kittner, S. J., Leira, E. C., et al. (2021) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0000000000000375 · Cited by 3,237 · see citing works
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2009 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee
WRITING GROUP MEMBERS, Lloyd-Jones, D., Adams, R., Carnethon, M., De Simone, G., Ferguson, T. B., Flegal, K., Ford, E., Furie, K., Go, A., et al. (2009) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.191261 · Cited by 3,140 · see citing works
Self-citation
Guidelines for the Primary Prevention of Stroke: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
Meschia, J. F., Bushnell, C., Boden-Albala, B., Braun, L. T., Bravata, D. M., Chaturvedi, S., Creager, M. A., Eckel, R. H., Elkind, M. S. V., Fornage, M., et al. (2014) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0000000000000046 · Cited by 2,650 · see citing works
Self-citation
Stroke risk factors, genetics, and prevention
Boehme, A. K., Esenwa, C., & Elkind, M. S. V. (2017) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.116.308398 · Cited by 1,952 · see citing works
Self-citation
Guidelines for Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke: Co-Sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline.
Sacco, R. L., Adams, R., Albers, G., Alberts, M. J., Benavente, O., Furie, K., Goldstein, L. B., Gorelick, P., Halperin, J., Harbaugh, R., et al. (2006) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000199147.30016.74 · Cited by 1,873 · see citing works
Self-citation
Guidelines for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Furie, K. L., Kasner, S. E., Adams, R. J., Albers, G. W., Bush, R. L., Fagan, S. C., Halperin, J. L., Johnston, S. C., Katzan, I. L., Kernan, W. N., et al. (2010) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0b013e3181f7d043 · Cited by 1,492 · see citing works
Self-citation
Primary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke
Goldstein, L. B., Adams, R. J., Alberts, M. J., Appel, L. J., Brass, L. M., Bushnell, C., Culebras, A., DeGraba, T. J., Gorelick, P. B., Guyton, J. R., et al. (2006) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000223048.70103.f1 · Cited by 1,359 · see citing works
Self-citation
Guidelines for the Primary Prevention of Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
Goldstein, L. B., Bushnell, C. D., Adams, R. J., Appel, L. J., Braun, L. T., Chaturvedi, S., Creager, M. A., Culebras, A., Eckel, R. H., Hart, R. G., et al. (2011) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0b013e3181fcb238 · Cited by 1,306 · see citing works
Guidelines for the Prevention of Stroke in Women: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
Bushnell, C., McCullough, L. D., Awad, I. A., Chireau, M. V., Fedder, W. N., Furie, K. L., Howard, V. J., Lichtman, J. H., Lisabeth, L. D., Piña, I. L., et al. (2014) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000442009.06663.48 · Cited by 941 · see citing works
Assessing Adiposity: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Cornier, M.-A., Després, J.-P., Davis, N., Grossniklaus, D. A., Klein, S., Lamarche, B., Lopez-Jimenez, F., Rao, G., St-Onge, M.-P., Towfighi, A., et al. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e318233bc6a · Cited by 945 · see citing works
Guidelines for the Primary Prevention of Stroke A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists.
Goldstein, L. B., Bushnell, C., Adams, R. J., Appel, L. J., Braun, L. T., Chaturvedi, S., Creager, M. A., Culebras, A., Eckel, R. H., Hart, R. G., et al. (2011) · Stroke · Cited by 745 · see citing works
The medical complications of obesity
Malnick, S. D. H. (2006) · QJM · doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcl085 · Cited by 579 · see citing works
Waist circumference and cardiometabolic risk: a consensus statement from Shaping America’s Health: Association for Weight Management and Obesity Prevention; NAASO, The Obesity Society; the American Society for Nutrition; and the American Diabetes Association
Klein, S., Allison, D. B., Heymsfield, S. B., Kelley, D. E., Leibel, R. L., Nonas, C., & Kahn, R. (2007) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/85.5.1197 · Cited by 560 · see citing works
Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes: A Common Agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association
Eyre, H., Kahn, R., Robertson, R. M., the ACS/ADA/AHA Collaborative Writing Committee, ACS/ADA/AHA Collaborative Writing Committee Members, Clark, N. G., Doyle, C., Hong, Y., Gansler, T., Glynn, T., et al. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000133321.00456.00 · Cited by 542 · see citing works
Guidelines for Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Sacco, R. L., Adams, R. J., Albers, G. W., Alberts, M. J., Benavente, O., Furie, K. L., Goldstein, L. B., Gorelick, P. B., Halperin, J. L., Harbaugh, R. E., et al. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circ.113.10.e409 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
Self-citation
Primary Prevention of Stroke by Healthy Lifestyle
Chiuve, S. E., Rexrode, K. M., Spiegelman, D. L., Logroscino, G., Manson, J. E., & Rimm, E. B. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.781062 · Cited by 496 · see citing works
Waist Circumference and Cardiometabolic Risk
Klein, S., Allison, D. B., Heymsfield, S. B., Kelley, D. E., Leibel, R. L., Nonas, C., & Kahn, R. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc07-9921 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Waist Circumference and Cardiometabolic Risk: A Consensus Statement from Shaping America's Health: Association for Weight Management and Obesity Prevention; NAASO, The Obesity Society; the American Society for Nutrition; and the American Diabetes Association
Klein, S., Allison, D. B., Heymsfield, S. B., Kelley, D. E., Leibel, R. L., Nonas, C., & Kahn, R. (2007) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2007.632 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Global Burden, Risk Factor Analysis, and Prediction Study of Ischemic Stroke, 1990–2030
Fan, J., Li, X., Yu, X., Liu, Z., Jiang, Y., Fang, Y., Zong, M., Suo, C., Man, Q., & Xiong, L. (2023) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000207387 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Fish Consumption and Incidence of Stroke: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies
He, K., Song, Y., Daviglus, M. L., Liu, K., Van Horn, L., Dyer, A. R., Goldbourt, U., & Greenland, P. (2004) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000130856.31468.47 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
2024 Guideline for the Primary Prevention of Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
Bushnell, C., Kernan, W. N., Sharrief, A. Z., Chaturvedi, S., Cole, J. W., Cornwell, W. K., Cosby-Gaither, C., Doyle, S., Goldstein, L. B., Lennon, O. C., et al. (2024) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0000000000000475 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Mechanisms of thrombosis in obesity
Blokhin, I. O., & Lentz, S. R. (2013) · Current Opinion in Hematology · doi:10.1097/moh.0b013e3283634443 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Obesity and Thrombosis
Darvall, K., Sam, R. C., Silverman, S., Bradbury, A. W., & Adam, D. J. (2006) · European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2006.10.006 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes: A Common Agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association
Eyre, H. J., Kahn, R., Robertson, R. M., Clark, N. G., Doyle, C., Gansler, T. S., Glynn, T., Hong, Y., Smith, R. A., Taubert, K. A., et al. (2004) · CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/canjclin.54.4.190 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Obesity: epidemiology and clinical aspects
Formiguera, X., & Cantón, A. (2004) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2004.06.030 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Obesity and depression: results from the longitudinal Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort Study
Herva, A., Laitinen, J. H., Miettunen, J., Veijola, J. M., Karvonen, J. T., Läksy, K., & Joukamaa, M. I. (2005) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803174 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Association between body mass index and cardiovascular disease mortality in east Asians and south Asians: pooled analysis of prospective data from the Asia cohort consortium
Chen, Y., Copeland, W. K., Vedanthan, R., Grant, E., Lee, J. E., Gu, D., Gupta, P. C., Ramadas, K., Inoue, M., Tsugane, S., et al. (2013) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.f5446 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Influence of Age and Health Behaviors on Stroke Risk: Lessons from Longitudinal Studies
Kelly‐Hayes, M. (2010) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.02915.x · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Appropriateness of waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio cutoffs for different ethnic groups
Lear, S., James, P. T., Ko, G., & Kumanyika, S. (2010) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2009.70 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Prospective Study of Body Mass Index and Risk of Stroke in Apparently Healthy Women
Kurth, T., Gaziano, J. M., Rexrode, K. M., Kase, C. S., Cook, N. R., Manson, J. E., & Buring, J. E. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000161822.83163.b6 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Obesity and subtypes of incident cardiovascular disease
Ndumele, C. E., Matsushita, K., Lazo, M., Bello, N., Blumenthal, R. S., Gerstenblith, G., Nambi, V., Ballantyne, C. M., Solomon, S. D., Selvin, E., et al. (2016) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.116.003921 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Risk Factors for Ischaemic Stroke
Allen, C., & Bayraktutan, U. (2008) · International Journal of Stroke · doi:10.1111/j.1747-4949.2008.00187.x · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Potential New Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke
Hankey, G. J. (2006) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000229883.72010.e4 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Interactive relations of central versus total obesity and blood pressure to cognitive function
Waldstein, S. R., & Katzel, L. I. (2005) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803114 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Type 2 Diabetes and Cognitive Impairment: Linking Mechanisms
Luchsinger, J. A. (2012) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2012-111433 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Nutrition, insulin resistance and dysfunctional adipose tissue determine the different components of metabolic syndrome
Paniagua, J. A. (2016) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v7.i19.483 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Contribution of Obesity and Abdominal Fat Mass to Risk of Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attacks
Winter, Y., Rohrmann, S., Linseisen, J., Lanczik, O., Ringleb, P. A., Hebebrand, J., & Back, T. (2008) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.108.523001 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Lifestyle Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack in Young Adults in the Stroke in Young Fabry Patients Study
von Sarnowski, B., Jukka Putaala, A., Grittner, U., Gaertner, B., Schminke, U., Curtze, S., Huber, R., Tanislav, C., Lichy, C., Demarin, V., et al. (2012) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.112.665190 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Adult obesity complications: challenges and clinical impact
Ansari, S., Haboubi, H., & Haboubi, N. Y. (2020) · Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1177/2042018820934955 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Predictors of Remission of Diabetes Mellitus in Severely Obese Individuals Undergoing Bariatric Surgery
Panunzi, S., Gaetano, A. D., Carnicelli, A., & Mingrone, G. (2014) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0000000000000863 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Diabetes, the Metabolic Syndrome, and Ischemic Stroke
Air, E. L., & D, B. M. K. M. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-1537 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
“These findings were consistent across both sexes and all race/ethnic groups, although the effect of WHR was stronger among younger subjects (72).”
BackgroundResult
Impact of Waist Circumference and Body Mass Index on Risk of Cardiometabolic Disorder and Cardiovascular Disease in Chinese Adults: A National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Survey
Hou, X., Lu, J., Weng, J., Ji, L., Shan, Z., Liu, J., Tian, H., Ji, Q., Zhu, D., Ge, J., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057319 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Interleukin-1 and acute brain injury
Murray, K. N., Parry‐Jones, A., & Allan, S. M. (2015) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00018 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
“…risk factor for stroke and a positive correlation has been observed in multiple ethnic populations and in both sexes, regardless of whether adiposity is measured by body mass index, waist circumference or waist to height proportion (Suk et al., 2003; Yatsuya et al., 2010; Bodenant et al., 2011).”
Background
Clinical significance of monocyte heterogeneity
Stansfield, B. K., & Ingram, D. A. (2015) · Clinical and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s40169-014-0040-3 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Weight Loss After Stroke
Jönsson, A., Lindgren, I., Norrving, B. G., & Lindgren, A. G. (2008) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.107.497602 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
“No. of patients 79 226 Stroke type: ICH or SAH 16 (20) 16 (7) 0.003 0.04 2.466 1.033–5.890 GDS-20 6 42 (53) 76 (34) 0.004 Eating difficulties§ 36 (46) 22 (10) 0.001 0.001 0.129 0.065–0.255 Albumin 34 g/L 19 (24) 9 (4) 0.01 Prealbumin 0.20 g/L 22 ( 28 ) 19 (8) 0.02 0.03 0.377 0.155–0.919 OR indicates odds ratio; ICH, i…”
Influential
Mendelian Randomization Study of Obesity and Cerebrovascular Disease
Marini, S., Merino, J., Montgomery, B. E., Malik, R., Sudlow, C. L. M., Dichgans, M., Florez, J. C., Rosand, J. M., Gill, D., & Anderson, C. D. (2020) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.25686 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Predictors of cranioplasty complications in stroke and trauma patients
Walcott, B. P., Kwon, C., Sheth, S. A., Fehnel, C. R., Koffie, R. M., Asaad, W. F., Nahed, B. V., & Coumans, J.-V. C. E. (2013) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/2013.1.jns121626 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Growth Hormone Treatment Reduces Abdominal Visceral Fat in Postmenopausal Women with Abdominal Obesity: A 12-Month Placebo-Controlled Trial
Franco, C., Brandberg, J., Lönn, L., Andersson, B., Bengtsson, B., & Johannsson, G. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1657 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Body Mass Index and Decline of Cognitive Function
Kim, S., Kim, Y., & Park, S. M. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148908 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Obesity
Kernan, W. N., Inzucchi, S. E., Sawan, C., Macko, R. F., & Furie, K. L. (2012) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.111.639922 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
“Finally, the association between obesity and increased risk for stroke is substantially explained by hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus.(7,9,10,14,16,18) Most researchers regard these as intermediate variables (ie, they are each caused by obesity and independently increase the risk of cerebrovas…”
Background
Physical Activity, Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases
Lakka, T. A., & Bouchard, C. (2005) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/3-540-27661-0_4 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes
Eyre, H. J., Kahn, R., & Robertson, R. M. (2004) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000133321.00456.00 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Animal models of cerebral ischemia: A review
Ma, R., Xie, Q., Li, Y., Chen, Z., Ren, M., Chen, H., Li, H., Li, J., & Wang, J. (2020) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110686 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes
Eyre, H. J., Kahn, R., & Robertson, R. M. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.7.1812 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
“Although many unanswered questions remain about the science underlying recommendations for behaviors and interventions in chronic disease prevention and control, considerable evidence supports the importance of avoiding tobacco use; increasing physical activity; maintaining a BMI 25 kg/m2; eating a nutritionally balan…”
Influential
Impact of obesity on long-term prognosis following acute myocardial infarction
Kragelund, C., Hassager, C., Hildebrandt, P. R., Torp-Pedersen, C. T., & Køber, L. (2004) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.03.042 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
“Furthermore, abdominal obesity is apparently a strong risk factor for ischemic stroke [22].”
Background
Body Mass Index in Mid-Life Is Associated With a First Stroke in Men
Jood, K., Jern, C., Wilhelmsen, L., & Rosengren, A. (2004) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000147715.58886.ad · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Epidemiology of ischaemic stroke and traumatic brain injury
Feigin, V. L., Barker-Collo, S. L., Krishnamurthi, R., Theadom, A., & Starkey, N. J. (2010) · Best practice & research. Clinical anaesthesiology · doi:10.1016/j.bpa.2010.10.006 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Unevenly distributed: a systematic review of the health literature about socioeconomic inequalities in adult obesity in the United Kingdom
El‐Sayed, A. M., Scarborough, P., & Galea, S. (2012) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-18 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
“Obesity is also a predictor of several other diseases of population health importance [4,5], including diabetes mellitus [6], cancer [7-9], stroke [10], and depression [11], among others [4].”
Background
A Serpin With a Finger in Many PAIs: PAI-1's Central Function in Thromboinflammation and Cardiovascular Disease
Morrow, G. B., Whyte, C. S., & Mutch, N. J. (2021) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.653655 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
The Impact of Body Mass Index on Mortality After Stroke
Towfighi, A., & Ovbiagele, B. I. (2009) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.109.550228 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Plasma amino acid profile is associated with visceral fat accumulation in obese Japanese subjects
Yamakado, M., Tanaka, T., Nagao, K., Ishizaka, Y., Mitushima, T., Tani, M., Toda, A., Toda, E., Okada, M., Miyano, H., et al. (2012) · Clinical Obesity · doi:10.1111/j.1758-8111.2012.00039.x · Cited by 117 · see citing works
“In fact, visceral fat accumulation is associated with higher risks of myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction even if the subject does not have hypertension, diabetes or hyperlipidemia (5).”
Background
Obesity and Recurrent Vascular Risk After a Recent Ischemic Stroke
Ovbiagele, B. I., Bath, P. M., Cotton, D., Vinisko, R., & Diener, H. (2011) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.111.624957 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Review: Stroke prevention: modifying risk factors
Romero, J. R., Morris, J. G., & Pikula, A. (2008) · Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease · doi:10.1177/1753944708093847 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
“The risk of ischemic stroke also increases with obesity, being about three times for obese individuals in prior studies (OR 3.0, 95% CI 2.1–4.2) [Suk et al. 2003].”
BackgroundInfluential
Risk of Stroke and Cardiovascular Events After Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes or Metabolic Syndrome
Callahan, A. S., III (2011) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneurol.2011.146 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Visceral Adipose Tissue, a Potential Risk Factor for Carotid Atherosclerosis
Lear, S. A., Humphries, K. H., Kohli, S., Frohlich, J. J., Birmingham, C. L., & Mancini, G. B. J. (2007) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.107.484113 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Lifestyle and stroke risk: a review
Galimanis, A., Mono, M., Arnold, M., Nedeltchev, K., & Mattle, H. P. (2009) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0b013e32831fda0e · Cited by 109 · see citing works
of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline. Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group: The American Academy Physical Activity, and Metabolism Council; and the Quality of Care and Cardiovascular Nursing Council; Clinical Cardiology Council; Nutrition, Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Interdisciplinary Working Group; Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council: Cosponsored by the Primary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart
Bushnell, C., Culebras, A., DeGraba, T. J., Goldstein, B. A., Adams, R. J., Alberts, M. J., & Appel, L. J. (2006) · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Race- and Sex-Specific Associations of Obesity Measures With Ischemic Stroke Incidence in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Yatsuya, H., Folsom, A. R., Yamagishi, K., North, K. E., Brancati, F. L., & Stevens, J. (2010) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.109.566299 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
“The intertechnician reliability coefficients for waist and hip circumference and WHR were all r 0.94.19”
Influential
Brain health and shared risk factors for dementia and stroke
Gardener, H. E., Wright, C. B., Rundek, T., & Sacco, R. L. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2015.195 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citation
Rehabilitation of Upper Limb Motor Impairment in Stroke: A Narrative Review on the Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Economic Statistics of Stroke and State of the Art Therapies
Anwer, S., Waris, A., Gilani, S., Iqbal, J., Shaikh, N., Pujari, A. N., & Niazi, I. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10020190 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
A rural-urban comparison of the characteristics of the metabolic syndrome by gender in Korea: The Korean Health and Genome Study (KHGS)
Lim, S., Jang, H. C., Lee, H. K., Kimm, K., Park, C., & Cho, N. H. (2006) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/bf03344102 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
The Metabolic Syndrome and Stroke
Arenillas, J. F., Moro, M. Á., & Dávalos, A. (2007) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.106.480004 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Type 2 diabetes, related conditions, in relation and dementia: An opportunity for prevention?
Luchsinger, J. A. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-091687 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Ethnic inequalities in obesity among children and adults in the UK: a systematic review of the literature
El‐Sayed, A. M., Scarborough, P., & Galea, S. (2011) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2010.00829.x · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“Obesity is also associated with several other diseases(5,6) including diabetes mellitus (7), cancer(8–10), stroke (11), rheumatoid(11) and osteoarthritis (12), and depression (13), among several others (5).”
Background
The validity of the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score for the prediction of the incidence of coronary heart disease and stroke, and total mortality
Silventoinen, K., Pankow, J. S., Lindström, J., Jousilahti, P., Hu, G., & Tuomilehto, J. O. (2005) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/01.hjr.0000174793.31812.21 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
The Metabolic Syndrome Predicts Incident Stroke
Wang, J., Ruotsalainen, S., Moilanen, L., Lepistö, P., Laakso, M., & Kuusisto, J. (2008) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.107.499830 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Childhood Obesity in the United Kingdom: A Systematic Review of the Literature
El‐Sayed, A. M., Scarborough, P., & Galea, S. (2012) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000343611 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Obesity Phenotypes in the Northern Manhattan Family Study
Juo, S. H., Lin, H., Rundek, T., Sabala, E. A., Boden-Albala, B. M., Park, N., Lan, M., & Sacco, R. L. (2004) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000142132.20442.d8 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citation
Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2006 Update: A Report From the American
Wilson, M., Wolf, P. A., Sidney, S. S., Sorlie, P. D., Steinberger, J., Wasserthiel-Smoller, S., Furie, K. L., Gorelick, P. B., D, B. M. K. M., Marler, J. M., et al. (2009) · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Steno-Occlusive Arterial Disease and Early Neurological Deterioration in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Ois, Á., Rodríguez, J., Munteis, E., Gomis, M., Rodríguez-Campello, A., Jiménez-Conde, J., Cuadrado‐Godia, E., & Roquer, J. (2008) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000113732 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Prospective study of body size and risk for stroke amongst women below age 60
LU, M., Ye, W., Adami, H., & Weiderpass, E. (2006) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01706.x · Cited by 79 · see citing works
General and Abdominal Adiposity and Risk of Stroke in Chinese Women
Zhang, X., Shu, X., Gao, Y., Yang, G., Li, H., & Zheng, W. (2009) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.108.539692 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Cerebrovascular disease
Portegies, M. L. P., Koudstaal, P. J., & Ikram, M. A. (2016) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802973-2.00014-8 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Visceral fat accumulation is associated with cerebral small vessel disease
Yamashiro, K., Tanaka, R., Tanaka, Y., Miyamoto, N., Shimada, Y., Ueno, Y., Urabe, T., & Hattori, N. (2014) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.12374 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Measures of Adiposity and Risk of Stroke in China: A Result from the Kailuan Study
Wang, A., Wu, J., Zhou, Y., Guo, X., Luo, Y., Wu, S., & Zhao, X. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061665 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“In addition, most epidemiologic investigations have used body mass index (BMI) as the measure of adiposity, while some studies showed that BMI was not an appropriate index to assess the risk of stroke [5,6].”
Background
Obesity-stroke paradox and initial neurological severity
Kim, Y., Kim, C. K., Jung, S., Yoon, B., & Lee, S. (2014) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2014-308664 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Functional foods and physical activities in health promotion of aging people
Ferrari, C. K. B. (2007) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2007.09.011 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Inverse association of serum carotenoids with prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Japanese
Suzuki, K. A. O., Ito, Y., Inoue, T., & Hamajima, N. (2011) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2010.12.006 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Obesity and cardiovascular disease
Pérez, A., Ybarra, J., Cortes, V. B., & de Pablos-Velasco, P. L. (2007) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980007000651 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Risk Factor Management to Prevent First Stroke
Rundek, T., & Sacco, R. L. (2008) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2008.09.001 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“association between measures of the distribution of body fat, such as the waist-to-hip ratio, as a measure of abdominal obesity [156] and increased risk of stroke.”
Self-citation
Risk Factor Profile and Management of Cerebrovascular Patients in the REACH Registry
Röther, J., Alberts, M. J., Touzé, E., Mas, J., Hill, M. D., Michel, P., Bhatt, D. L., Aichner, F., Goto, S., Matsumoto, M., et al. (2008) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000120687 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“showed at least a weak association.Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease in general, and its prevalence is increasing at an alarming rate, especially in industrialized countries. As a stroke risk factor, obesity is less well established. Obesity defined as BMI ≥30 was elevated in the CVD subgr…”
Background
Stroke, obesity and gender: A review of the literature
Katsiki, N., Ntaios, G., & Vemmos, K. N. (2011) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.04.010 · Cited by 69 · see citing works

Abdominal Obesity Predicts Stroke Risk in the Framingham Study (S40.002)
Aparicio, H. J., Demissie, S., Himali, J. J., Pase, M. P., Satizábal, C. L., Dukes, K. A., Lioutas, V., Romero, J. R., Vasan, R. S., Beiser, A., et al. (2019) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.92.15_supplement.s40.002
Abdominal Obesity is a Risk Factor for Ischemic Stroke
Rahman, T., Hassanuzzaman, M., Islam, M., Masihuzzaman, S. A. M., Khondoker, M., & Das, P. C. (2014) · Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.3329/bjn.v27i2.17545
Abdominal Obesity and Risk of Ischemic Stroke-A Hospital Based Observational Retrospective Study
Rahman, M. Z., Sultana, F., Azad, M. K. H., Banik, A., & Shil, K. K. (2024) · Archives of Internal Medicine Research · doi:10.26502/aimr.0183
Sex‐related differences in abdominal obesity impact on ischemic stroke risk
Rodríguez-Campello, A., Jiménez-Conde, J., Ois, Á., Cuadrado‐Godia, E., Steinhauer, E. G., Vivanco‐Hidalgo, R. M., Soriano‐Tárraga, C., Subirana, I., Muñoz, D., Gómez-González, A., et al. (2016) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.13216 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Abdominal Obesity is a Risk Factor for Ischaemic Stroke (P3.3-007)
Rahman, T. (2019) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.92.15_supplement.p3.3-007

Authors: Suk, S.-H., Sacco, R. L., Boden-Albala, B., Cheun, J. F., Pittman, J. G., Elkind, M. S., & Paik, M. C.
Affiliations: Wonkwang University (KR)
ORCID: Suk, Seung-Han
Boden-Albala, Bernadette
Elkind, Mitchell S.
Paik, Myunghee C.
Venue: Stroke
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2003-07
Volume: 34
Issue: 7
Pages: 1586-1592
ISSN: 0039-2499 (ISSN-L)
1524-4628
DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000075294.98582.2f
OpenAlex: W1972527308
Cited by: 420
References: 49
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 13.39
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Stroke (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Wonkwang University
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS029993, R01-NS 29993)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Keywords: abdominal obesity, ischemic stroke, waist-to-hip ratio, stroke risk factors, body mass index, large artery atherosclerotic stroke, racial and ethnic differences, age differences, multi-ethnic communities, Northern Manhattan, young adults, sex differences, community control, body fat distribution, cardiovascular risk stratification, stroke prevention, stroke rehabilitation
MeSH terms: Abdomen, Aged, Black or African American, Body Constitution, Brain Ischemia, Demography, Female, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Male, New York City, Obesity, Risk Factors, Comorbidity, Body Mass Index, Incidence, Odds Ratio, Case-Control Studies, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Stroke, Black People, White People

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Abdominal Obesity and Risk of Ischemic Stroke: The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks