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Updated Worldwide Survey on the Methods, Efficacy, and Safety of Catheter Ablation for Human Atrial Fibrillation
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to provide an updated worldwide report on the methods, efficacy, and safety of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS AND RESULTS: A questionnaire with 46 questions was sent to 521 centers from 24 countries in 4 continents. Complete interviews were collected from 182 centers, of which 85 reported to have performed 20,825 catheter ablation procedures on 16,309 patients with AF between 2003 and 2006. The median number of procedures per center was 245 (range, 2 to 2715). All centers included paroxysmal AF, 85.9% also included persistent and 47.1% also included long-lasting AF. Carto-guided left atrial circumferential ablation (48.2% of patients) and Lasso-guided ostial electric disconnection (27.4%) were the most commonly used techniques. Efficacy data were analyzed with centers representing the unit of analysis. Of 16,309 patients with full disclosure of outcome data, 10 488 (median, 70.0%; interquartile range, 57.7% to 75.4%) became asymptomatic without antiarrhythmic drugs and another 2047 (10.0%; 0.5% to 17.1%) became asymptomatic in the presence of previously ineffective antiarrhythmic drugs over 18 (range, 3 to 24) months of follow-up. Success rates free of antiarrhythmic drugs and overall success rates were significantly larger in 9590 patients with paroxysmal AF (74.9% and 83.2%) than in 2800 patients with persistent AF (64.8% and 75.0%) and 1108 patients with long-lasting AF (63.1% and 72.3%) (P<0.0001). Major complications were reported in 741 patients (4.5%). CONCLUSIONS: When analyzed in a large number of electrophysiology laboratories worldwide, catheter ablation of AF shows to be effective in approximately 80% of patients after 1.3 procedures per patient, with approximately 70% of them not requiring further antiarrhythmic drugs during intermediate follow-up.
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“In patients who experience symptomatic recurrences of AF despite antiarrhythmic drug therapy, all RCTs showed better sinus rhythm maintenance with catheter ablation than on antiarrhythmic drugs.586,713,727,728”
From 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS (2016) · cites this paper as [727]
In the citing paper
“Five to seven per cent of patients will suffer severe complications after catheter ablation of AF, and 2-3% will experience life-threatening but usually manageable complications.727,[748][749][750]”
From 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS (2016) · cites this paper as [727]
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“Despite advances in ablation techniques, the recurrence rate remains substantial.(1,2) Therefore identifying methods to risk-stratify AF patients undergoing catheter ablation is of great clinical value.”
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“The minimum number of interventional procedures recommended for the 2-year Level III CCEP fellowship training is the consensus formed by review and consideration of published literature applicable to this topic (12-18), previously published competency statements (19,20), COCATS (10,21,22), policies of the ACGME (6) an…”
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“Although extensive/repeat ablation(s) can effectively control heart rhythm even in patients with persistent AF,(14) outcomes of LSPAF ablation have been generally worse compared with those for PAF ablation.(1,2,15) In this study, ablation efficacy in the PAF group was consistent with recent less optimistic observation…”
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“The overall temporal improvement of AF ablation has previously been established in a study using Danish registries, which used the same combined endpoint as us to detect recurrent AF(13) and in two worldwide surveys.(26,27) .”
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“Minor adverse events were defined as bleeding from the femoral artery/vein, femoral aneurysm not requiring intervention, pericardial effusion not requiring intervention and asymptomatic pulmonary vein stenosis.(16)”
BackgroundTreatment of atrial fibrillation: a comprehensive review and practice guide
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“Cerebrovascular complications associated with atrial fibrillation ablation The 2010 worldwide survey of AF ablation reported an overall incidence of 0.94% thrombo-embolic events including 37 (0.23% per patient) strokes and 115 (0.71% per patient) TIAs.2 In a single-centre study on periprocedural complications occurred…”
BackgroundInfluentialState of the Art Imaging Review of Blunt and Penetrating Cardiac Trauma
Qamar, S. R., Wu, Y., Nicolaou, S., & Murray, N. (2020) · Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal · doi:10.1177/0846537119899200 · Cited by 39
Perrotta, L., Bordignon, S., Dugo, D., Fürnkranz, A., Chun, K. R. J., & Schmidt, B. (2014) · Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/jce.12491 · Cited by 39
Potpara, T., Larsen, T. B., Deharo, J. C., Rossvoll, O., Dagres, N., Todd, D., Pison, L., Proclemer, A., Purefellner, H., Blomstrom-Lundqvist, C., et al. (2015) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/euv132 · Cited by 39
“This is an increase compared with previous reports showing that as many as 27% of patients underwent AF ablation without pre-procedural OAC, and 12–15% were not prescribed OAC post AF ablation.(1,5) Indeed, randomized trials are lacking to support the common practice of giving OAC at least 3 weeks beforeAF ablation to…”
ResultCurrent Status of Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
Inoue, K., Murakawa, Y., Nogami, A., Shoda, M., Naito, S., Kumagai, K., Miyauchi, Y., Yamane, T., Morita, N., Okumura, K., et al. (2014) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.cj-13-1179 · Cited by 39
Whole Exome Sequencing in Atrial Fibrillation
Lubitz, S. A., Brody, J. A., Bihlmeyer, N. A., Roselli, C., Weng, L.-C. C., Christophersen, I. E., Alonso, Á., Boerwinkle, E., Gibbs, R. A., Bis, J. C., et al. (2016) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006284 · Cited by 40
“Current treatments for AF have limited efficacy and can cause significant adverse effects [8, 9].”
BackgroundKress, D. C., Erickson, L., Choudhuri, I., Zilinski, J. L., Mengesha, T., Krum, D. P., & Sra, J. S. (2016) · JACC. Clinical electrophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacep.2016.10.010 · Cited by 39
Should We Perform Catheter Ablation for Asymptomatic Atrial Fibrillation?
Kalman, J. M., Sanders, P., Rosso, R., & Calkins, H. G. (2017) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.116.024926 · Cited by 42
Power, Lesion Size Index and Oesophageal Temperature Alerts During Atrial Fibrillation Ablation
Leo, M., Pedersen, M. E. F., Rajappan, K., Ginks, M., Hunter, R. J., Bowers, R., Kalla, M., Bashir, Y., & Betts, T. R. (2020) · Circulation Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology · doi:10.1161/circep.120.008316 · Cited by 39
Peri-procedural anticoagulation in patients undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation
Vazquez, S. R., Johnson, S. A., & Rondina, M. T. (2010) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2009.11.031 · Cited by 40
SHERZER, A. I., FEIGENBLUM, D. Y., Kulkarni, S., PINA, J. W., CASEY, J. L., SALKA, K. A., & Simons, G. R. (2006) · Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8167.2006.00674.x · Cited by 39
Moten, S., Rodríguez, E., Cook, R., Nifong, L. W., & Chitwood, W. R. (2007) · Heart Lung and Circulation · doi:10.1016/j.hlc.2007.05.005 · Cited by 39
Jøns, C., HANSEN, P. S., Johannessen, A. C., Hindricks, G., Raatikainen, P. M. J., Kongstad, O., Walfridsson, H., Pehrson, S. M., Almroth, H., Hartikainen, J. E. K., et al. (2009) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/eup122 · Cited by 39
Tang, Q.-H., GUO, X., Sun, Q., & Ma, J. (2022) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12872-022-02657-y · Cited by 38
Amin, A. M., Nazir, A., Abuelazm, M. T., Ibrahim, A. A. A., Elbenawi, H., Aboutaleb, A. M., Ellabban, M., Arnaout, M., Turkmani, M. M., Abdelazeem, B., et al. (2024) · Journal of Arrhythmia · doi:10.1002/joa3.13118 · Cited by 39
Prevention of atrial–esophageal fistula after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
Dagres, N., & ANASTASIOU‐NANA, M. I. (2010) · Current Opinion in Cardiology · doi:10.1097/hco.0b013e328341387d · Cited by 38
Chan, N., Choy, C.-C., Lau, C.-L., Lo, Y.-K., Chu, P. S., Yuen, H.-C., Mok, N., Tsui, P. T., & Lau, S.-T. (2011) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/eur138 · Cited by 38
Class I Histone Deacetylase Inhibition for the Treatment of Sustained Atrial Fibrillation
Seki, M., LaCanna, R., Powers, J. C., Vrakas, C. N., Liu, F., Berretta, R. M., Chacko, G., Holten, J., Jadiya, P., Wang, T., et al. (2016) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.116.234591 · Cited by 38
“This may explain why most patients with permanent AF are less responsive to current antiarrhythmic or catheter-based therapies (Gaita et al., 2008; Cappato et al., 2010), which do not prevent or reduce atrial remodeling.”
BackgroundWynn, G. J., Kadri, M. E., Haq, I. J., Das, M., Modi, S. S., SNOWDON, R. L., Hall, M. C. S., Waktare, J. E. P., TODD, D. M., & Gupta, D. (2016) · Open Heart · doi:10.1136/openhrt-2015-000394 · Cited by 39
“1% incidence of major complications, with no thromboembolic events, compares favourably with that reported in worldwide registries and other studies.(5) 13–16 Second, recurrence after the initial CA is the norm rather than the exception.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialBogachev-Prokophiev, A. V., Afanasyev, A. V., Иванович, Ж. С., Pivkin, A. N., Фоменко, М. С., Махарамович, Ш. Р., & Karaskov, A. M. (2017) · Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.08.063 · Cited by 38
Kawaji, T., Shizuta, S., Morimoto, T., Aizawa, T., Yamagami, S., Yoshizawa, T., Ota, C., Onishi, N., Sasaki, Y., Yahata, M., et al. (2017) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.09.023 · Cited by 38
Fink, T., Schlüter, M., Heeger, C.-H. H., Lemeš, C., Lin, T., Maurer, T., Metzner, A., Mathew, S., Reißmann, B., Wohlmuth, P., et al. (2017) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/eux291 · Cited by 38
Tonchev, I., Nam, M. C. Y., Gorelik, A., Kumar, S., Haqqani, H. M., Sanders, P., Kistler, P. M., & Kalman, J. M. (2020) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/euaa415 · Cited by 38
Antz, M., Chun, K. R. J., Ouyang, F. O., & Kück, K. (2006) · Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8167.2006.00589.x · Cited by 38
Feasibility of Real-Time MRI With a Novel Carbon Catheter for Interventional Electrophysiology
Nordbeck, P., Bauer, W. R., Fidler, F., Warmuth, M., Hiller, K., Nahrendorf, M., Maxfield, M., Wurtz, S., Geistert, W., Broscheit, J., et al. (2009) · Circulation Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology · doi:10.1161/circep.108.778357 · Cited by 38
Favorable Long-Term Outcome of Maze Surgery in Patients With Lone Atrial Fibrillation
Hemels, M. E. W., Gu, Y. L., Tuinenburg, A. E., Boonstra, P. W., Wiesfeld, A. C. P., van den Berg, M. P., van Veldhuisen, D. J., & Gelder, I. C. V. (2006) · The Annals of Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.10.007 · Cited by 38
The Role Of Renin Angiotensin System In Atrial Fibrillation.
Nair, G. M., Nery, P. B., Redpath, C. J., & Birnie, D. H. (2014) · PubMed Central · doi:10.4022/jafib.972 · Cited by 38
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2025 Clinical practice guidelines for Atrial fibrillation and flutter
Golukhova, E. Z., Sp, G., Михайлов, Е. Н., Revishvili, A. S. H., Arakelyan, M. G., Vasilyeva, E. Y., Davtyan, K. V., Drapkina, O. M., Drozdova, L. Y., Станиславовна, К. Е., et al. (2026) · Russian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2025-6668 · Cited by 44
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“Other investigators have published similar results, reporting freedom from AF in 56% and 92% of patients, depending on the ablation strategy and intensity of follow-up [7, 11, 13, 23].”
BackgroundResultCatheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in very young adults: a 5-year follow-up study
Saguner, A. M., Maurer, T., Wißner, E., Santoro, F., Lemeš, C., Mathew, S., Sohns, C., Heeger, C.-H. H., Reißmann, B., Riedl, J., et al. (2016) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/euw378 · Cited by 36
Cheng, W., Lo, L., Lin, Y., Chang, S., Hu, Y., Hung, Y., Chung, F., Liao, J., Tuan, T., Chao, T., et al. (2019) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2019.03.028 · Cited by 37
Noncoronary Applications of Cardiac Multidetector Row Computed Tomography
Tops, L. F., Krishnan, S., Schuijf, J. D., Schalij, M. J., & Bax, J. J. (2008) · JACC. Cardiovascular imaging · doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2007.10.011 · Cited by 37
Tang, R. B., Dong, J., Liu, X. P., Fang, D. P., Long, D., Liu, X., Yu, R. H., Hu, F. L., Lu, C. S., Hao, P., et al. (2007) · Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology · doi:10.1007/s10840-006-9049-x · Cited by 37
Current Strategies in the Management of Atrial Fibrillation
Jahangiri, M., Weir, G., Mandal, K., Savelieva, I., & Camm, A. J. (2006) · The Annals of Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.11.035 · Cited by 37
Kosiuk, J., Kornej, J., Bollmann, A., Piorkowski, C., Myrda, K., Arya, A., Sommer, P., Richter, S., Rolf, S., Husser, D., et al. (2014) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.07.039 · Cited by 36
Raatikainen, M. J. P., Hakalahti, A., Uusimaa, P., Nielsen, J. C., Johannessen, A. C., Hindricks, G., Walfridsson, H., Pehrson, S. M., Englund, A., Hartikainen, J. E. K., et al. (2015) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.06.160 · Cited by 35
Metadata
- Authors
- Cappato, R., Calkins, H., Chen, S.-A., Davies, W., Iesaka, Y., Kalman, J., Kim, Y.-H., Klein, G., Natale, A., Packer, D., Skanes, A., Ambrogi, F., & Biganzoli, E.
- Affiliations
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital (AU)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Circulation Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology
- Published
- 2010-02
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 32-38
- ISSN
- 1941-3084 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-3149
- OpenAlex
- W2146673314
- Cited by
- 2,852
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 68 · 2022: 81 · 2021: 110 · 2020: 126 · 2019: 125 · 2018: 141 · 2017: 177 · 2016: 199 · 2015: 184 · 2014: 220 · 2013: 246 · 2012: 218
- FWCI
- 156.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Circulation Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies
- Keywords
- catheter ablation, atrial fibrillation, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, persistent atrial fibrillation, ablation efficacy, ablation safety, procedural complications, CARTO system
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anticoagulants, Atrial Fibrillation, Data Collection, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Treatment Outcome, Catheter Ablation, Young Adult
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