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Mediterranean Diet and Incidence of and Mortality From Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke in Women
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Several studies have documented an inverse association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), but few data are available on the relationship between Mediterranean diet and risk of stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS: For the present study, 74,886 women 38 to 63 years of age in the Nurses' Health Study, a cohort study of female nurses, without a history of cardiovascular disease and diabetes were followed up from 1984 to 2004. We computed an Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score from self-reported dietary data collected through validated food frequency questionnaires administered 6 times between 1984 and 2002. Relative risks for incident CHD, stroke, and combined fatal cardiovascular disease were estimated with Cox proportional-hazards models adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors. During 20 years of follow-up, 2391 incident cases of CHD, 1763 incident cases of stroke, and 1077 cardiovascular disease deaths (fatal CHD and strokes combined) were ascertained. Women in the top Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score quintile were at lower risk for both CHD and stroke compared with those in the bottom quintile (relative risk [RR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.82; P for trend<0.0001 for CHD; RR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.02; P for trend=0.03 for stroke). Cardiovascular disease mortality was significantly lower among women in the top quintile of the Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (RR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.76; P for trend<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: A greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet, as reflected by a higher Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score, was associated with a lower risk of incident CHD and stroke in women.
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“Several population-based and prospective epidemiological studies have shown that adherence to the Mediterranean diet might have a protective effect against cardiovascular disease, stroke, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, several type of cancers, allergic diseases and, most recently, Alzheimer and Parkinson’s disease (7–18).”
From Health Benefits of the Mediterranean Diet: Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“Subsequently, similar evidences have been collected for 'non-fatal' CVD.[3][4][5]”
From Cohort Profile: Design and methods of the PREDIMED study (2012) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Both the HPFS and the NHS find a ≈20% increased CHD risk in the highest category of SSB consumption compared with the lowest category (132,133);”
From Food Consumption and its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease: Importance of Solutions Focused on the Globalized Food System (2015) · cites this paper as [133]
In the citing paper
“In observational studies (133,217–220) and RCTs (164,221–223) a Mediterranean diet including nuts lowers CVD risk.”
From Food Consumption and its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease: Importance of Solutions Focused on the Globalized Food System (2015) · cites this paper as [133]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Fung, T. T., Rexrode, K. M., Mantzoros, C. S., Manson, J. E., Willett, W. C., & Hu, F. B.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2009-03-03
- Volume
- 119
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1093-1100
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- PMC
- PMC2724471
- OpenAlex
- W2015746229
- Cited by
- 916
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 63 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 54 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 48
- FWCI
- 52.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2009-03-31)
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL60712, R01HL060712, HL88521, HL34594, R01HL034594, R01HL088521)
- National Cancer Institute (CA-87969, P01CA087969)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK040561)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Keywords
- Mediterranean diet, coronary artery disease, stroke, cardiovascular mortality, women, dietary adherence, alternate Mediterranean diet score, Nurses' Health Study, diet and cardiovascular risk
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Coronary Disease, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Stroke, Diet, Mediterranean
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